1、上海市黄浦区上海市黄浦区 2019 届高三三模届高三三模 英语英语 . Grammar and vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blan
2、ks, use one word that best fits each blank. May Day in India Each May 1, workers in India join others around the world to mark May Day, depending on local customs. Its quite appropriate that India celebrates with an official holiday in some of its 29 states and seven union territories. After all, th
3、e country has an (21) _ (estimate) 522 million workers, more than the entire population of the United States. Heres a Q new developments in machine learning, which put _36_ analytical tools in the hand of city officials; the Internet and the rise of inexpensive sensors that can track vast amount of
4、information such as traffic or air pollution; and the widespread use of smart phone apps and mobile devices that enable citizens and city workers alike to monitor problems and _37_ information about them back to city hall. All this data collection raises understandable privacy _38_. Most cities have
5、 policies designed to safeguard citizen privacy and prevent the release of information that might _39_ any one individual. In theory, anyway. Widespread use of sensors and video can also present privacy risks unless _40_ are taken. The technology “is forcing cities to face questions of privacy that
6、they havent had to face before,” says Ben Green, a fellow at Harvards Berkman Klein Center for Internet and Society and lead author of a recent report on open-data privacy. . Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A,
7、 B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. In the food industry, it seems, the robot revolution is well underway, with machines mastering skilled tasks that have always been performed by people. In Boston, robots have displaced _41_ and are creating complex b
8、owls of food for customers. In Prague, machines are _42_ waiters and servers using an app. In Denver, theyre taking orders. Robots are even making the perfect loaf of bread these days, taking charge of a(n) _43_that has remained in human hands for thousands of years. Now comes Briggo, a company that
9、 has created a fully _44_, robotic coffee machine that can push out 100 cups of coffee in a single hour - equaling the _45_ of three to four baristas（咖啡师）, according to the company. Using a mix of Latin American beans, the machine creates _46_ cups of coffee that can be ordered via an app, giving cu
10、stomers control over ingredients, flavorings and temperature without any human interaction. The company says no other business in the world has applied as much _47_ to “specialty coffee.” Removing the _48_ element from ordering a cup of coffee is one of the companys primary selling points. “No more
11、lines, no more counter confusion, no more misspelled names,” Briggos website says. Kevin Nater, Briggos president and chief executive, said the machine would best fit locations in which _49_ is highly valued, like airports and office buildings, where several of the machines currently operate. “Imagi
12、ne youre coming into the security line at the airport, your flight is coming up, and you know that if you want a coffee youre going to stand in a long line,” said Nater. “From the security line, you can simply order your cup of coffee and pick it up at the coffee haus and make it to your flight _50_
13、.” “Ive never found anyone who wants to stand in line a long time,” he added. “Weve just changed the _51_.” But Olive Geib, a 24-year-old barista in Annapolis, Md., remained _52_. As coffee is being made by a barista, he said, subtly（细微地）adjusting the ratio of water to coffee bean as flavor develops
14、 through refined taste tests, is a crucial part of the process. “All the numbers and data in the world cant actually tell you how the coffee _53_,” Geib said. Asked whether he was worried about losing his job to a robot, Gerb said, “absolutely not.” He said theres a _54_ group of people who will alw
15、ays seek out the slower, interactive experiences at coffee shops. “A lot of customers really appreciate watching a barista carefully pouring water or steaming the milk,” he added. “This _55_ aspect, the atmosphere and the interaction with the barista, is a big part of the experience of drinking coff
16、ee.” 41. A. waitresses B. baristas C. cooks D. machines 42. A. replacing B. recruiting C. restoring D. resisting 43. A. room B. art C. school D. oven 44. A. typical B. inaccessible C. challenging D. automatic 45. A. quality B. output C. time D. cost 46. A. sugar-free B. fruit-flavored C. customized
17、D. professional 47. A. inspiration B. technology C. correction D. strictness 48. A. safety B. stress C. human D. design 49. A. service B. preparation C. reliability D. convenience 50. A. on time B. for real C. in advance D. without notice 51. A. game B. price C. fact D. myth 52. A. nervous B. sad C.
18、 annoyed D. doubtful 53. A. looks B. changes C. sells D. tastes 54. A. distinguished B. difficult C. loyal D. laze 55. A. cultural B. social C. skillful D. mindful Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For eac
19、h of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. A When we say that residents in the Chicago suburb of North Riverside, Illinois, “wrote the book” on how to be good neighbors, we are not exagger
20、ating. The residents of North Riverside really did write a book on neighborliness that has helped make their town a remarkable place. Neighbors All: Creating Community One Block at a Time is a 65 - page manual filled with friendly suggestions and inspiring stories, all designed to build “family bond
21、s” among neighbors. Every household gets a copy, delivered by a volunteer “block captain” tasked with welcoming new arrivals, helping senors, making sure kids play nice, and more. Its a big job, but the 90 captains across the town of 6,700 dont do it alone. They are organized by their own captain, C
22、aro Saple, and the neighborhood Services Committee, which appoints leaders of all ages, including a team of school - age “angels”. If all this seems somewhat bureaucratic （宫僚制度的） , in practice Neighbors All has very much lived up to its title. One captain got to chatting with an elder couple who rev
23、ealed that they couldnt afford to replace their broken stove. Before long, the Neighborhood Services Committee had collected enough money to buy them a new one. Another resident, a woman from Poland, told her captain that she was having trouble sorting out the paperwork to get her citizenship. The c
24、aptain told the committee, which told the mayor, who got the help of their local congressperson, and soon the womans paperwork was all in order. “ I have been in North Riverside over 34 years and am very proud ou the small-town caring the community demonstrates every day,” said Vera Jandacek Wilt. “
25、Waters rising in the river, ready to flood nearby homes? Residents and officials are filling sandbags to hold back the floods. Lonely seniors have not stepped out of the house? A block captain shows up to invite them to a block party. This community truly looks out for one another.” Does all this me
26、an that North Riverside is perfect? No - neighbors still quarrel. Kids still fight. But the community spirit that is part of North Riversides DNA appears all over town. 56. In paragraph 1, the phrase “wrote the book” is closest in meaning to _. A. showed expertise B. learned a lesson C. put down in
27、writing D. revealed secrets 57. Which of the following is true of the book Neighbors All? A. It includes inspiring stories written by Caro Saple. B. It gives advice and instructions on how to be nice. C. It is a historical record of the North Riverside. D. It is for the Neighborhood Services Committ
28、ee. 58. What among the following are the responsibilities of a block captain? (1) Spreading copies of the book Neighbors All; (2) Appointing school - age kids as volunteer “angels”; (3) visiting and accompanying lonely seniors. A. (1) and (3) B. (2) and (3) C. (1) and (3) D. All of above 59. Accordi
29、ng to the passage, Vera Jandacek Wilt felt really proud of _. A. the neighborliness in North Riverside B. the block parties for senior residents C. living in a perfectly safe community D. becoming a captain for those in need B Just when you thought you figured out Millennials (those who reached youn
30、g adulthood around the year 2000), Generation Z is now entering the workforce. A massive 72.8 million individuals are included in this group born between the mid - 1990s and the early 2000s. Are you ready? While we have learned how to create a culture where Millennials can do well, what Generation Z
31、 needs can be quite different: Millennials Generation Z Dont just work for a paycheck, they want a purpose. Money and job security are their top motivators. They want to make a difference but surviving an developing are more important. They arent pursuing job satisfaction, they are pursuing their ow
32、n development. They want to gather rewarding experiences. Gen Z tend towards being impatient and often experience FOMO (Fear Of Missing Out), so instant feedback and satisfaction are key. They dont want bosses, they want coaches. They want to be guided in an environment where they can advance quickl
33、y. They want to look their leaders in the eye and experience honesty and transparency. They dont want annual reviews, they want ongoing conversations. They dont want an annual work assessment, they want to be advised and given feedback on an ongoing frequent (daily) basis. They dont want to fix thei
34、r weaknesses, they want to develop their strengths. They believe that there are winners and losers - and more people fall into the losing category. They want to have the tools to win, either through developing weaknesses or strengths. They have a cooperative way of thinking where everyone joins in a
35、nd works together. 72% of Gen Z said they are competitive with doing the same job. They are independent and want to be judged on their own value and showcase their individual talents. Its not just their job, its their life. Salary and benefits and how they can advance are central. They are a DIY gen
36、eration and they feel that other generations have over complicated the workplace. 60. According to the passage, Millennials and Gen Z share the same point of view on _. A. job satisfaction B. work assessment C. weaknesses and strengths D. salary and benefits 61. Which of the following is true of Gen
37、 Zs way of thinking? A. They prefer to be team leaders, not members. B. They enjoy working together with others. C. They dont want to cooperate, they compete. D. They have talents and dont want to be judged. 62. Who among the following are most probably the target readers of this passage? A. Millenn
38、ials. B. Generation Z. C. Recruiters. D. FOMO patients. C We all have a tendency to fake laugh, particularly when authority figures in our lives try to make a joke that just doesnt land. Though it might feel rude not to laugh when your in-laws or boss try to say something funny, pretending to do so
39、might not be much better. It turns out, even if you think that your forced laughing sounds genuine, people are usually pretty good at separating truly spirited belly laughs from fake ones. But how can they possible know the difference? Well, when researchers at the University of California, Los Ange
40、les studied the acoustic （听觉的）and perceptual（知觉的）differences between real and fake laughter, they found that some of the sounds associated with genuine laughter is “really hard to fake.” In their study, the researchers determined that subjects were only fooled by 37 percent of fake laughter. The mos
41、t prominent factor distinguishing real laughter from fake laughter is duration - or, more specifically, the number of breaths taken in in between sounds. Seeing as it takes more effort and concentration to fake a laugh as opposed to do it genuinely, people tend to pause more in between their “ha-has
42、” when theyre faking it. Evidently, that pausing is pretty noticeable. “A fake laugh is basically an imitation of a real laugh, but produced with a slightly different set of vocal muscles controlled by a different part of our brain,” Greg Bryant, the lead UCLA researcher on the study, explained. “Th
43、e result is that there are subtle（微妙的）features of the laugh that sound like speech,and . people are unconsciously quite sensitive to them.” People have also proven to be emotionally sensitive to laughter as well. “Our rains are very sensitive to the social and emotional significance of laughter,” sa
44、id Carolyn McGettigan, a scientist at Royal Holloway, University of London. McGettigan conducted a 2014 study that recorded participants brain responses as they listened to the same people produce genuine laughter by watching funny videos, as opposed to fake laughter. “During our study, when partici
45、pants heard a laugh that was posed, they activated regions of the brain associated with mentalizing in an attempt to understand the other persons emotional and mental state,” she said. So, while we may understand that certain social situations sometimes require fake laughter, most of the time, our i
46、nstincts and emotional intelligence are just too smart to buy into them. According to McGettigan, thats a good thing. “Evolutionarily speaking, its good to be able to detect if someone is authentically experiencing an emotion or if theyre not,” she said. “Because you dont want to be fooled.” 63. Wha
47、t do researchers at the University of California want to find out in this study? A. What is the difference between a fake laugh and a real one. B. Which part of the brain controls the sound of our laughter. C. Why do people need to fake laugh when they dont want to. D. How to laugh as genuinely as p
48、ossible when you are faking it. 64. Your forced laughing is more noticeable than you think, mainly because_. A. you seem more concentrated when you laugh for real B. you take more breaths when you try to fake a laugh C. a fake laugh often happens after a sudden pause D. a real laugh usually lasts lo
49、nger than a fake one 65. Which of the following is true according to Greg Bryant? A. Real laughter is not at all controllable by our brain. B. People may notice fake laughter without knowing why. C. People use the same set of muscles to laugh and to speak. D. Faking laugh shares the same techniques as making speech. 66.
