1、简单句的五种基本句型英语句子按结构分为三类：简单句、并列句和复合句。只包含一个主谓结构的句子叫简单句。简单句又根据句中谓语动词(系动词、不及物动词、及物动词)的不同分为五种基本句型：主语(S)系动词(V)表语(P)，主语(S)谓语(V)，主语(S)谓语(V)宾语(O)，主语(S)谓语(V)间接宾语(IO)直接宾语(DO)，主语(S)谓语(V)宾语(O)宾补(OC)。其它各种句子均是由这五种基本句型扩展、变化或省略而构成的。(一)主语谓语 SV 该句型简称为“主谓结构”，谓语是不及物动词或具有不及物性质的短语动词。1He works hardest in our class.2The 2nd W
2、orld War broke out in 1939.SVP 该句型简称为“主系表结构”。中学阶段常见的系动词可分为六类：1be类；2.感官类：feel(摸起来)、look(看起来)、smell(闻起来)、sound(听起来)、taste(尝起来)；3.变化类：become，come，fall，get，go，grow，turn；4.保持类：keep，remain，stay；5.好像类：appear，seem；6.证明类：prove，turn out。3After the storm the sea was calm again.4He looks very angry with you.5Ou
3、r country is becoming richer and stronger.6We should remain modest at any time.7The man appears older than you.8His opinion proved wrong in the end.用“SV”句型翻译下列句子。她昨晚回家很晚。She went home very late last night.会议将持续两个小时.The meeting will last for two hours.在过去的十年里，我的家乡已经发生了巨变。In the past ten years，great c
4、hanges have taken place in my hometown.每天八点十分开始上课。Classes begin at 8：10 every day.2008年5月12日，汶川发生了一场大地震。On May 12th，2008，a big earthquake happened in Wenchuan.用“SVP”句型翻译下列句子。1冬季这里白天短。In winter the day is short here.2十五岁他就成为有名的钢琴家了。At the age of 15，he became a famous pianist.3孩子们很少保持安静。Children seldo
5、m keep quiet.4那些花闻起来很香。The flowers smell very sweet.5.老师似乎对你的回答很满意。The teacher seemed very satisfied with your answer.(三)主语谓语宾语SVO 该句型简称为“主谓单宾语结构”，谓语是及物动词或具有及物性质的短语动词。1Not all boys enjoy playing football.2Air pollution alone causes almost three million deaths every year.3I have to look after my sick
6、 mother at hospital.4Im looking forward to your reply.用“SVO”句型翻译下列句子。用“SVO”句型翻译下列句子。1这张饭桌占了太大的空间。The table takes up too much room.2今天上午我想同你面对面地谈谈。This morning I want to have a facetoface talk with you.3这本书他读过多次了。He has read the book many times.4他们成功地完成了计划。They finished the plan successfully.5那位先生能流利
7、地说四种语言。.改正下列句子中的错误。1I am like English and maths very much.2The building broke out a big fire last night.3We all against the plan.4Cars will gradually in place of bikes.5He came up a suggestion at the conference.【答案】1.I like English and maths very much.2A big fire broke out in the building last night
8、.3We are all against the plan.4Cars will gradually take the place of bikes.5He came up with a suggestion at the conference.(四)主谓谓语间接宾语直接宾语 SVIODO 该句型中的表人的宾语是间接宾语，表物的宾语是直接宾语，即“人间物直”，二者合称为“双宾语”，所以该句型也可简称为“主谓双宾语结构”。通常情况下，间接宾语在前，直接宾语在后；有时候间接宾语前加上介词to/for，可将其放在直接宾语的后面。1Dad bought me an electric bike on N
9、ov.11.Dad bought an electric bike for me on Nov.11.2He gave her much money last month.He gave much money to her last month.3She made me a cup of coffee.She made a cup of coffee for me.用“SVIODO”句型翻译下列句子 1现在徐先生教我们英语。_ 2奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。_ 3请把那本字典递给我好吗？_ 4他在英语晚会上为我们唱了一首法语歌曲。_ 5你能帮我个忙吗？1.Now Mr.Xu teache
10、s us English./Now Mr.Xu teaches English to us.2Yesterday evening Grandma told us an interesting story./Yesterday evening Grandma told an interesting story to us.3Would you please pass me the dictionary？/Would you please pass the dictionary to me?4He sang us a French song at the English evening./He s
11、ang a French song for us at the English evening.5Could you do me a favor？/Could you do a favor for me?改正下列句子中的错误。1Youd better write a letter for me quickly._ 2He handed me it._ 3He offered the seat for the old man on the bus._ 4Please fetch some water to the children._ 5The old man saved much money
12、to his son._【答案】1.forto2.handed me ithanded it to me3.forto4.tofor5.tofor(五)主语谓语宾语宾补(OC)SVOOC 该句型中的宾语和宾补合称为“复合宾语”，所以该句型可简称为“主谓复合宾语结构”。1He painted the door green.2No one saw him go out.3They left the lights on all day.4Tell him not to come late for the conference.用“SVOOC”句型翻译下列句子。1妈妈叫她二妮。_2我们大家都认为他很勇
13、敢。_3他们把那小偷释放了。_4我要你把真相告诉我。_5警察命令我们立即离开。_【答案】1.Her mother calls her Er Ni.2We all think him very brave.3They set the thief free.4I want you to tell me the truth.5The police ordered us to leave at once.改正下列句子中的错误。1They appointed Li Hua the chairman of the board._2The teacher caught him cheat in the ex
14、am._3They were made work hard for the boss._4Have you had your mobile phone repair in the shop?_5Gradually I find English easily to learn._【答案】1.the chairmanchairman2.cheatcheating3.workto work4.repairrepaired5.easilyeasy基本句型综合演练.判断下列简单句的句型类型。1He is running very fast._2The loud voice from the upstai
15、rs made him angry._3The little boy is asking the teacher all kinds of questions._4She seemed angry._5My father bought me a beautiful present._6Why do you keep your eyes closed?_7Will you tell us an exciting story?_8I heard the baby crying in the sitting room._9Both Tom and Jack enjoy playing tennis.
16、_10Her hobby is chatting with her friends online._【答案】1.SV2.SVOOC3.SVIODO4.SVP5.SVIODO6.SVOOC7.SVIODO8.SVOOC9.SVO10.SVP先根据汉语判断下列句子适合于简单句的哪种句型，然后将其译成英语。1那位农民正在给同学们示范如何植树。_2我们选她当我们班的班长。_3我们必须每天保持教室干净整洁。_4他的梦想实现了。_5不幸的是，我的汽车在我回家的路上出了故障。_【答案】1.SVIODO The farmer is showing the students how to plant a tree.2.SVOOC We elected/made her monitor of our class.3.SVOOC We must keep our classroom clean and tidy every day.4.SVP His dream came true/has come true.5.SVP Unfortunately，my car was out of order on my way home.SVUnluckily，my car broke down on my way home.
