1、Module 1 Cultural corner 导学案1【教学目标】(目标解读及课堂组织1分钟)1、了解美式英语形成的原因，并同汉语进行对照；(重点)2、通过快速阅读，不断培养学生阅读能力；通过问题探讨，培养学生综合语言表述能力(难点)3、参加各种英语活动，克服困难，锻炼自己用英语交际的能力.为祖国的发展，民族的融合，世界人民的团结贡献自己力量，热爱祖国和珍惜母语并将其发扬光大。【使用说明】1、指导学生认真做好小组课前预习，内容为讨论简化汉字是否是适应社会发展的一种进步。2、学生可通过上网等方式获取与文章相关的资料。3、建议一课时。基础案（课中10分钟）Step1.Ask the stude
2、nts to go over the word list for this module， paying attention to the pronunciation of the word， the relationship between its pronunciation and its spelling.Step2 .Demonstration and discussion about whether the work of simplifying Chinese is progress in the development of society.Step 3.Lead in sayi
3、ng“We have learnt the differences between British English and American English .Have you master them？. Do you know other things about English ？”Step 4.Get the students to read through the passage and answer the questions:1.What reasons did Websster have for writing an American dictionary？Key: He wan
4、ted to simplify the spelling of English and make it look different from British English.2.Can you see any similarities between Websters work and attempts to simplify Chinese？Key: The work of simplifying Chinese has made it convenient for people to read， understand and use the Chinese language. So ha
5、s Websters work for American people.升华案（15分钟）Step 1. Get the groups of students to read the passage again and then blacken the predicates， underline the useful expressions and darken the connectives.Keys:The Man Who Made Spelling SimpleIn English the spelling of words does not always represent the s
6、oundSo people say /raid/ but spell it right， or write， or even rite. Combinations of letters (like ought) may be pronounced in a number of ways. And some words just seem to have too many letters.For Americans things are a little bit easier， thanks to the work of Noah Webster， a teacher who graduated
7、 from Yale University in1778. As a young man he had fought against the British in the American War of Independence， and he felt that written English in the newly independent United States should have a distinctive “American” look.So he began his work on American English. His first book， The Elementa
8、ry Spelling Book， suggested simplifying the spelling of English wordsThe book was extremely popular. By the 1850s it was selling one million copies a year， making it one of the most popular school books ever.Many of the suggestions were quickly adopted. Center instead of center， program instead of p
9、rogrammer， and flavor instead of flavor. Others， however， such as removing silent letters like the s in island/ or the final e in examine， were not.Webster is best known for his American Dictionary of the English Language， which first appeared in 1828It introduced lots of new American words， with in
10、formation about their pronunciation and use， and， of course， the new spelling. The British criticized the dictionary， but it quickly became a standard reference book in the States. Today， Websters dictionary is still the number one dictionary for American students.Step 2.英汉词、短语互译：1. represent v. _ 2
11、. combination n. _3. distinctive adj. _ 4. adopt v. _ (adapt v.)5. criticize v. _ 6. 大量的 _7. 幸亏 _ 8. 从毕业 _9. 与作斗争 _ 10. 参考书 _Keys: 1. 呈现 2. 结合 3. 与众不同的 4. 采纳，收养(适应) 5. 批评 6. a number of 7. thanks to 8. graduate from 9. fight against 10. reference book巩固案（15分钟）Step 1.单项填空。小组合作探究并点评。1. Unlike watching
12、 TV， reading is a highly active process(过程) _it requires attention as well as memory and imagination. A. until B. but C. unless D. for2. Parents should take seriously their childrens requests for sunglasses _ eye protection is necessary in sunny weather.A. because B. through C. unless D. if3. _ youv
13、e got a chance， you might as well make full use of it.A. Now that B. After C. Although D. As soon as4. _ everybody knows about it， I dont want to talk any more.A. For B. Even C. Since D. However5. _ you have seen both fighters， _ will win？A. Since； you think who B. As； who you thinkC. When； who ever
14、 D. Since； who do you think第5题解题指导：because表示直接原因，回答why的提问，在强调结构中只能由because引导从句；since/now that侧重主句，从句表示显然的或已知的理由；as主从并重，从句说明原因，主句说明结果；for表示推断，是一种补充说明，不可放于句首。Keys: D A A C DStep 2.阅读理解限时训练(10分钟)。要求自主完成，小组内互批，教师点评。Beijing has started a campaign(运动)to get rid of “Chinglish”(Chinese English). The “Langua
15、ge mandarins” of Beijing have decided that Chinglish is a disease for the city and must be obliterated before it hosts the Olympic Games in 2008.A road sign on the Avenue of Eternal peace(Chang an Street)， for example， advises: “To Take Notice of Safe； The Slippery Are Very Crafty”， a warning that t
16、he sidewalk was slippery(滑的)(Watch your step. Slippery sidewalk). Another sign in a Beijing park reads: “Little grass is smiling slightly， please walk on sidewalk.” (Please dont walk on the grass.)Li Honghai， the city official in charge of the campaign， said， “Linguistic(语言的)perfection is becoming i
17、ncreasingly important with the rise in the number of the foreigners flowing into the city.”However， not everyone shares the disdain(蔑视)of the Beijing government for the mixed language. “The choice of words is pretty much. One can either choose the verbs， adverbs， nouns or whatever one likes，” explai
18、ned one Hong Kong linguist on an Internet website.So many examples exist that several Internet sites have been set up to collect Chinglish phrases. Many come from English instructions on packages such as a candle marked with “Keep this candle out of children” and model boat curiously named Posh Sail
19、boat which says， “Please dont play it in dusty place.”If the campaign against Chinglish is successful， Chinese will also turn their attention to the English language versions of newspapers， which play an even more important role in teaching right English.1The underlined word “obliterated” in the fir
20、st paragraph probably means “ _” .Aremoved Bchanged Ctranslated Dbeautified2.From the passage we know that.ALi Honghai is a famous linguistBall the people dont share the disdain for the mixed languageCChinglish usually communicated in many casesDseveral Internet sites have been set up to clear the C
21、hinglish phrases3We can infer that the newspapers of English should _.Acollect more chinglish phrasesBreport the campaign above Ckeep from the use of Chinglish phrasesDdo their duties to correct the Chinglish phrases4Which of the following signs is Chinglish？AMind your head. BKeep off the grass， ple
22、ase.CNo smoking， please. DTourists do not enter.Keys: 1.A 2.B 3.C 4.D附：课外阅读材料Reading more about spelling in EnglishSpell It in EnglishEnglish spelling is confusing and chaotic， as any student of English knows all too well. “How can the letters ought spell so many different sounding words，” they ask，
23、 “like dough， bough， rough， and through？” And what about a word like colonel that clearly contain no r， yet pretends it does， and ache with its k sound， instead of the chuh sound of arch？ And why does four have a u while forty doesnt？ There are no simple rules for English spelling， but there is an e
24、xplanation behind its complexity. We have only to look back in history.Over the centuries， the English language has been like a magnet， attracting words from numerous other languages. It all started with the Britons， an ancient people living in a part of western Europe that eventually became the Bri
25、tish Isles. They spoke a language called Celtic， which was a combination of the early forms of Irish， Scottish， and Welsh. When the Britons were conquered by the Romans and later the Germanic tribes， their language was also invaded. The merging of the languages gave birth to Old English， and a Latin
26、 alphabet replaced， with a few exceptions， the ancient Germanic alphabet. In the ninth century， the conquering Norsemen from Scandinavia added their pinch of language spice， as did the French in the eleventh century.By the fourteenth century， English， with its mix of at least five languages， had evo
27、lved into what is called Middle English and had become Britains official language. At that time， however， its spelling were far from consistent or rational. Many dialects had developed over the centuries and sometimes people adopted the spelling used in one part of the country and the pronunciation
28、used in another. For instance， today we use the western English spellings for busy and bury， but give the first the London pronunciation bizzy and the second the Kentish (肯特语的) pronunciation berry. Of course， this all happened when English was primarily a spoken language， and only scholars knew how
29、to read and write. Even they appear to have been quite indifferent to matters if consistency in spelling， and were known to spell the same word several different ways in a single sentence.Even after William Caxton set up Englands first printing press in the late fifteenth century， and the written wo
30、rd became available to everyone， standard spelling wasnt considered very important. As a matter of fact， the typesetters (排字工人) in the 1500s made things even worse by being very careless about spelling. If a blank space needed to be filled or a line was too long， they simply changed the spellings of
31、 words to make them fit. Moreover， many of the early printers in England were from Germany or Holland and didnt know English very well. If they didnt know the spelling of a word， they made up one！ Different printers each had their favorite spellings， so that one word might be spelled five or six dif
32、ferent ways， depending on who printed the passage.Throughout this period， names and words appear in many different forms. For instance， where can be where， whair， wair， wheare， were， and so on. People were even very liberal about their names. More than eighty spellings of Shakespeares name have been
33、 found， among them Shakespeare， Shakspeare， and even Shakestaffe. Shakespeare himself didnt spell his name the same way in any two of his six known signatures he even spelled his name two different ways in his will.By the late sixteenth century and early seventeenth century， some progress had been m
34、ade in standardizing spelling due to the work of various scholars. By then， however， English spelling was far from a simple phonetic system (语音系统). For one thing， word pronunciations had changed too rapidly for a truly phonetic spelling to keep up. Also， English had borrowed from many languages and
35、ended up having far too many sounds (more than forty) for the twenty-six letters in its Roman alphabet. By the time printing houses finally began to agree on standard spellings， many of these written forms were only a shadow of their spoken selves. In other words， spelling and pronunciation sometime
36、s had little in common.Finally in 1775， Samuel Johnson gave English its first great dictionary. His choice of spelling may not have always been the best or the easiest， but the book helped to make spellings of most English words uniform. Eventually， people became aware of the need for “correct” spel
37、ling. Meanwhile， on the other side of the Atlantic， Noah Webster was standardizing American English in his American Dictionary of the English Language and American Spelling Book. Although the British had been complaining about the messiness of English spelling for some time， it was the American who
38、screamed the loudest. Webster not only favored a simplified， more phonetic spelling system， but also tried to persuade Congress to pass a law making the use of nonstandard spelling a punishable offense.In 1906， the philanthropist Andrew Carnegie gave $250，000 to help establish the Simplified Spellin
39、g Board. The board quickly issued a list of 300 words commonly spelled two ways， such as ax and axe， and called for the simpler of the two. The board helped to gain acceptance for quite a few American spellings， including catalog， dialog， and program.The call for simplified spelling quickly went out
40、 of fashion， particularly with the onset of World War I and the death of Andrew Carnegie. The movement never died out completely， however. Spelling reform continued to be an ongoing， if less dramatic， process， as it had been for centuries. Without the benefit of large donations or outside agencies，
41、many words have shed useless letters. Deposite has lost its e， as has fossile. Musick and physick have dropped their needless ks.As long as the world goes around， language will continue to change. New words will be added； spellings will be altered. But because people are most comfortable with the familiar， its not likely well ever see a major change in the way most words are spelled. Anyway， what could we do without the challenge of English spelling？st in China and what jobs will become less？【课堂小结】(2分钟)1. 是否掌握本节课课文主旨大意？2. 还存在些什么问题？3. 本节课的收获。
