1、新题型01 阅读理解七选五 阅读理解七选五这个题型要求在一段约300词的短文中留出5个空白，要求考生从短文后的七个选项中（均为完整的句子）选出五个能填入文章空处的最佳选项，其中两项为多余的迷惑选项，主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。其命题形式深受英语四六级和考研阅读多项选择题的影响，体现了新课标用英语获取、处理和运用信息的能力；逐步获取用英语思维的能力。的阅读学习和教学理念。该题型命题形式仍然具有客观题的特点，又与完形填空具有异曲同工之妙，只是选项少，以句子形式出现，考查目的和侧重点不完全相同而已。 从考试说明对该题型命题目的的表述主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和
2、结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。可以得出以下结论：该题备选项可分为主旨概括句（文章整体内容）、过渡性句子（文章结构）和注释性句子（上下文逻辑意义）三类。其多余的两个干扰项也往往从这三方面进行设置，例如主旨概括句或过于宽泛或以偏概全或偏离主题，过渡性句子不能反映文章的行文结构，注释性句子与上文脱节等。文章体裁以说明文为主，语篇模式较为固定：提出问题提供解决方案。文章题材较为固定：与学生的日常生活、学习紧密相关。【题型分析】 分析篇章结构，把握全篇文脉是阅读填空题解题的关键，英语的语篇通常是由句子和语段构成的，语段是句子和语篇之间的中间层次，句子虽然能够单独地表达相对完整的思想，但是它不能表达
3、多方面的、比较复杂的思想，只有把几个句子结合为较大的言语片段，才能表达一个相对独立的层意，所谓的积句而成章，积章而成篇。就是这个道理。 分析文章的层次包含两种形式：一种是分析整篇文章的层次，也就是段落，另一种是分析每一个段落内部的层次，也就是语篇层次。 语篇与段落是有区别的，语段是篇章结构的中间层次，是由句子到篇的一种过渡形式，段落（paragraph）是在某些语体（如记叙文、议论文）中比语段更大的意义单位，较小的段落可以只包括一个语段或一个句子，一般来说，一个段落通常由几个语段构成。构成语段的方式有两种，一是靠句际间意义的结合，二是靠句际间的关联词，逻辑性插入语来连接，在分析语段层次时，可以
4、借助句际间的连接词语作出判断，但最主要的还是要真正体会句际间的意义关系，把握作者的思路，从语序上去发现断续点，理清层次，好文章的层次非常清晰，只有层层入手，才能真正理解文章。 (2018年浙江卷)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Moving into a new home in a new neighborhood is an exciting experience. Of course, you want to make sure that you become an acceptable and valuable part of your
5、neighborhood . the easiest way to accomplish this is to make sure you conduct yourself as a good neighbor should. _31_Perhaps one of the most important things you can do as a good neighbor is to keep your property(房产) neat, clean, and in good repair. _32_ _ By choosing to keep the outside of the hom
6、e in great shape, you will help to improve the look and feel of the area.Second, take the overall appearance of the neighborhood seriously. When going for a walk，take a small garbage bag. _33_ This small act will let your neighbors know that you care about the area._34_ If a neighbor is going to be
7、out of town, offer to collect mail and newspapers. If a neighbor suffers an illness, offer to do the grocery shopping . Let them know you are there to help in any way that is acceptable, while still respecting the privacy of your neighbor._35_ _ By following the basic rules of respecting others, tak
8、ing care of what belongs to you, and taking pride in the appearance of the neighborhood in general, you will quickly become a good neighbor that everyone appreciate.A. In general, keep an eye on their property while they are gone.B.A good neighbor is also one who likes to help out in small ways.C. B
9、eing a good neighbor is more or less about considerate behavior.D. Sometimes neighbors may go to the supermarket together to do shopping.E. Should you come across waste paper thrown out of a passing car, pick it up.F. People tend to take pride in keeping everything in their street fresh and inviting
10、.G. Here are a few tips to help you win over everyone in the neighborhood quickly 【文章大意】怎样成为一个邻居都喜欢的人，作者给了几点建议。31.G32.F 【解析】考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。本段介绍和邻居关系融洽最重要的是保持干净整洁的户内户外环境，F项中keeping everything in their street fresh and inviting. 保持街上的一切新鲜和诱人，与本段意思一致，故选F。33.E 【解析】考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。本段主要建议要重视社区的整体面貌，出门拿
11、上一个垃圾袋，E项：遇到从路过的汽车里扔出的废纸，把它捡起来。与上句连接，是拿垃圾袋的作用。故选E。34.B 【解析】考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。本段是建议用邻居可以接受的方式帮助他们，同时尊重邻居的隐私。B项：好邻居就是喜欢在小的方面帮助别人的人，符合本段内容，故选B。35.C 【解析】考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。最后一段是总结，只要我们考虑周到，尊重他人，照顾好属于自己的东西，为周围的人感到自豪，很快就会成为一个大家都喜欢的好邻居。C项中considerate behavior是下文内容的概括，故选C。 高考英语七选五阅读解题的十大技巧技巧一：从细节逻辑上判断因果关系 在做题时
12、最重要的是要读懂空白前后的句子，明白这几句话的确切意思，然后根据意思的连贯性或逻辑性从选项中选取正确答案。在读懂意思的基础上，判断它们之间的关系来进一步确认答案。因果关系主要指前后的句子有着原因和结果之间的关系，这种关系往往说明了前因后果或者前果后因等情况。表示因果关系的连词有as a result结果，thus/therefore因此，so (such).如此以至于等。技巧二：从细节逻辑上判断转折关系 转折关系主要指英语行文中后句对前句构成逆转逻辑关系。如果空格前后两句话之间是逻辑上的逆转，则空格处很有可能是个转折逻辑的句子。表示转折关系的连接词有：However然而, neverthele
13、ss仍然，然而，不过, nonetheless尽管如此，依然，然而, still还；然而, though可是，不过，然而, yet然而, in spite of不顾，不管, at any rate无论如何，至少, in any case无论如何，不管怎样, whoever无论是谁, whatever无论什么，on the contrary正相反, in contrast与此相反, 相比之下, by contrast相反, 相比之下, in comparison比较起来，比较地, by comparison相比之下, conversely相反(地), otherwise否则；除此以外，notbu
14、t不是而是，as well也等。技巧三：从细节逻辑上判断例证关系 前后句的某句是为了证明另一句而举的例子。例证的形式多样，但就其本质而言无非是思维上的形象（例子、类比等）和抽象（观点）的辩证关系，用到的思维过程无非就是基本的归纳（从例子到观点）和推理（从观点到例子）。技巧四：从细节逻辑上判断递进关系 递进关系主要指英语行文中后句对前句是一种顺承逻辑关系。如果空格前后两句话之间是逻辑上的层进关系，则空格处很有可能是个递进的句子。表示递进关系的连词有：also也, 而且, further另外(的)；, furthermore而且，此外， likewise同样地，照样地；也，又，similarly相
15、似地，类似地， moreover而且再者，此外， in addition另外，加之，whats more更重要的是, too也，还, either也, neither两者都不, not onlybut also不但而且等。技巧五：从细节逻辑上判断平列关系表示列举关系的有：first首先，第一； second第二；third第三；firstly第一，首先， secondly第二(点)；其次，thirdly第三；first第一， next其次，then那么， 然后；in the first place第一，首先；in the second place第二,，其次；for one thing首先，一
16、则， for another thing其次；to begin with首先，第一； to conclude首先，第一，等。技巧六：从词汇线索上判断代词英语表达中的代词出现的频率极高，代词的作用是指代前面提及的名词或形容词概念，巧妙利用这样的指代关系和根据代词的单复数差异可以准确而快速地解题。技巧七：从词汇线索上判断同义词/近义词 英语前言后语之间往往有同义词、近义词、近义表达语甚至相同词汇的重复使用，这是我们解题的一个很好的判断线索。其实就其本质而言，上文讲的代词和下文将涉及的上下义词和同一范畴词都是特殊的同义/近义词。技巧八：从词汇线索上判断上下义词/同一范畴词 上下义词和同一范畴词就是前
17、者包含了后者，或可以说后者是前者的一个子集。利用前后句中这样的特殊的同义关系常常可以很轻松地解题。技巧九：从试题位置上判断问题在段首 假如问题出现在段首，它通常是段落主题句。认真阅读后文内容，根据段落一致性原则，查找同义词或其他相关的词，推断出主题句。另外着重阅读后文第一两句，锁定线索信号词，然后在选项中查找相关特征词。通常正确答案的最后一句与空白后的第一句在意思上是紧密衔接的，因此这两句间会有某种的衔接手段，尤其当选项是几句话时。技巧十：从试题位置上判断问题在段尾 所选答案是引出下一段的内容。如果在选项中找不出与前文之间的关联，此时可考虑与下一段开头是否有一定的衔接。认真阅读下一段开头几句，
18、看是否与选项的最后一句紧密连接起来。分析与前文是转折或是对比关系。此时要注意在选项中查找表示转折、对比的关联词，同时注意选项中所讲内容是否与前文在同一主题上形成对立、对比关系。如果第一段的段尾是空白，要认真阅读，看此处是细节还是主题。通常文章第一段要提出文章的主题，如果在段尾提出主题，会用一些信号词如转折词引出来，正确答案中应有这样的特征词。段尾通常是结论、概括性语句。注意在选项中查找表示结果、结论、总结等的信号词，如therefore, as a result, thus, hence, in short, to sum up, to conclude, in a word等词语，选项中也可
19、发现前文的同义词句。【七选五解题步骤】1.在阅读过程中，重要要关注文章的首段与末段。尤其是文章的手段和末段的末尾句，因为开门见山与末尾点题的写作方式是最为常见的，首段的末句一般是全文的主题所在，说明本文将探讨哪些内容，并简要指出文章的写作思路，有时甚至会以提纲的形式进行呈现。首段的末句对于快速掌握文章的主题具有重要意义，如果它是文章的主题句，就可以使读者迅速明确文章情节将如何展开，并对文章的写作主题有了整体的了解。如果末句不是主题句，则需要继续寻找。这时，可以考虑文章的写作方式是否为结尾总结式，如两者均可排除，则需在文章中其他段落寻找主题句，但要注意首段与末段的提示作用。2.做题的时候边读边做
20、。各个问题附近的句子都需要重点阅读，圈画一些线索，再从选项中寻找相关的特征词用来判断正确答案。带入排除法也是一种很好的方法。另外，如果发现有一题拿不准的，先跳过，先做容易的能做出的题，直到读完整篇文章。至此，文章的要点和主旨、各个段落之间的逻辑关系应该基本就能清楚了。然后再回过去做之前不确定的题目。3.做完后，通读全文。将所选项放入空白处，通读一遍，看看是否与上下文构成语义及逻辑上的直接关系，是否符合该处语境。能否承接前后的写作线索。使文章无论内容还是衔接上都能做到通顺。若代入选项后，发现文章写作线索中断或是前后矛盾，应更换其它选项。同时，我们还应注意对相近选项的对比分析，个别干扰项由于与某个
21、正确选项的内容相近具有很强的干扰性，这时就需要我们认真分析，仔细甄别，排除干扰，从而得出正确选项。4.切勿随意改答案。要特别注意的是，不要仓促的改自己的之前选定的答案。做这类的题目时，第一印象的可信度还是很高的，除非你已经常有充分的理由否定向前的选择。 Passage 1(2017浙江卷)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。How to Do Man-on-the-Street InterviewsThe man-on-the-street interview is an interview in which a reporter hits the
22、 streets with a cameraman to interview people on the spot. 31 But with these tips, your first man-on-the-street interview experience can be easy.When your boss or professor sends you out to do man-on-the-street interviews for a story, think about the topic and develop a list of about ten general que
23、stions relating to it. For example, if your topic is about environmental problems in America, you might ask, Why do you think environmental protection is important in America? 32 Hit the streets with confidence. 33 Say, Excuse me, I work for XYZ News, and I was wondering if you could share your opin
24、ion about this topic. This is a quick way to get people to warm up to you.Move on to the next person if someone tells you she is not interested in talking on camera. Dont get discouraged. 34 Each interview that you get on the street shouldnt be longer than ten minutes. As soon as you get the answer
25、you need, move on to the next person. Make sure that as you go from interview to interview, you are getting a variety of answers. If everyone is giving you the same answer, you wont be able to use it. A safe number of interviews to conduct is about six to ten. 35 If your news station or school requi
26、res interviewees to sign release forms to appear on the air, dont leave work without them.A. Limit your time.B. As you approach people, be polite.C. If you dont own a camera, you can buy one.D. For new reporters, this can seem like a challenging task.E. To get good and useful results, ask them the s
27、ame question.F. That number of interviews should give you all the answers you need.G. With a question like this, you will get more than a Yes or No reply.【文章大意】本文主要讲了进行街道随机采访的若干技巧。 3. B 【解析】根据空格后一句所说的很有礼貌的提问，可知这里的建议应该是提问时要注意礼貌，而选项B中的polite正好与其相呼应，故选B。4. A 【解析】根据空格后一句Each interview that you get on th
28、e street shouldnt be longer than ten minutes.可知这一段的建议是要限制采访的时间，故选A。5. F 【解析】空格前一句是A safe number of interviews to conduct is about six to ten, 而选项F中That number of interviews正好与其相呼应，故选F。Passage 2（2018新课标卷I）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Color is fundamental in home design something youll alw
29、ays have in every room. A grasp of how to manage color in your spaces is one of the first steps to creating rooms youll love to live in. Do you want a room thats full of life? Professional? Or are you just looking for a place to relax after a long day? 1 , color is the key to making a room feel the
30、way you want it to feel.Over the years, there have been a number of different techniques to help designers approach this important point. 2 , they can get a little complex. But good news is that therere really only three kinds of decisions you need to make about color in your home: the small ones, t
31、he medium ones, and the large ones. 3 . Theyre the little spots of color like throw pillows, mirrors and baskets that most of us use to add visual interest to our rooms. Less tiring than painting your walls and less expensive than buying a colorful sofa, small color choices bring with them the signi
32、ficant benefit of being easily changeable. Medium color choices are generally furniture pieces such as sofas, dinner tables or bookshelves. 4 . They require a bigger commitment than smaller ones, and they have a more powerful effect on the feeling of a space.The large color decisions in your rooms c
33、oncern the walls, ceilings, and floors. Whether youre looking at wallpaper or paint, the time, effort and relative expense put into it are significant. 5 .A. While all of them are useful B. Whatever youre looking forC. If youre experimenting with a colorD. Small color choices are the ones were most
34、familiar withE. Its not really a good idea to use too many small color piecesF. So it pays to be sure, because you want to get it right the first timeG. Color choices in this range are a step up from the small ones in two major ways【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了室内设计中颜色的选择问题。 3. D 本空是一个主题句，总说选择小颜色是我们很熟悉的方法。后文分
35、说小颜色的具体用途。故选D。4. G 根据前文“中型颜色选择通常是指一些例如沙发，餐桌或者书架等家具的颜色选择”接着表明这种范围的颜色选择是对小型颜色选择在两种方式上的进一步提示，故选G。5. F 前文the time, effort and relative expense put into it are significant你所付诸的时间、精力和相关的费用是巨大的。后文F那肯定是值得的，因为你想第一次把它弄好。故选F。Passage 3（浙江省嘉兴市2018届高三模拟）How to Forgive YourselfKelly came home fired and discouraged
36、 from her job. She started yelling at everyone in the house, When she calmed down, she started to feel guilty and wanted her family to forgive her.Does this story sound familiar? What about you? 1 We sometimes make some mistakes. 2 When you hurt someone and start feeling guilty, the first thing yon
37、need to do is forgive yourself before you ask others to Forgive you. Whether you screamed at your child, hurt your partner or lied to your friend, it is necessary to forgive yourself for your benefit.To learn how to forgive yourself, follow the guide below: 3 If it is something simple such as scream
38、ing at your child or your partner, then work on understanding yourself and emotions. It is also necessary to understand why you took this action for which you have to forgive yourself now.After you have known about your mistake, you need to learn your lesson from it, so you wont repent it. Ask yours
39、elf, what can you learn from what you have done? 4 Realize that you are a human and everyone makes mistakes or does things they are not proud of. 5 All it will do is to cause you pain, sorrow, stress, and could lead you into low spirits. Therefore, it is better to make a decision to forgive yourself
40、.Always remember the saying, We achieve inner health only through forgiveness, the forgiveness not only of others but also of ourselves.”A. Recognize your behavior and what you have doneD. It is of great help if you just ignore what led to the situationC. If you stay upset and angry at yourself, thi
41、s will not benefit you.D. Have you done something you feel you cant forgive yourself for?F. Do you hate yourself so much that you feel life is corning to an end?F. We also hurt others intentionally and unintentionally now and then.G. Do you have to change some habits or behavior to avoid such experi
42、ences?【文章大意】你有没有做过一些伤害别人的事情，又渴望被原凉？为了你自己的利益，原谅自己是必要的。本文介绍了一些学会原谅自己的方法。 3.A 【解析】考查句意理解和上下文逻辑关系。根据空格后的举例such as screaming at your child or your partner, then work on understanding yourself and emotions.得知这里建议我们认识到自己的行为和自己做的事情。故选A。 Passage 4Technology sometimes goes wrong. And the more you use technolo
43、gy, the more you know it can go wrong. A connection drops. A printer will not print or an app crashes. Tech troubles can let users down quickly. First reactions may be to scream, throw the device(设备) against the wall, or cry. 1 By following these steps, you could solve some of the most common tech p
44、roblems on your own.Search the Web. Learn about your tech problem on a search website, such as Google. See what others have experienced. Find expert articles about solving the problem. If your issue is with recent technology, such as a software update, be sure to look for the most recent articles. 2
45、 Check connection speed. Maybe you find that streaming, downloading or updating is moving slowly. 3 You may think something is wrong with your device when, really, your network is just slow. A website such as S can check your connection speed. 4 Make sure you have the most recent version of apps and
46、 software. You might be experiencing a problem from a bug(漏洞) that has been fixed in an update. But if you have not yet had the latest version you may miss the solution.Ask the developer. 5 You can communicate with developers over email, Twitter or a contact form on their website. Explain the issue
47、giving as much detail as possible, including the device you are using and the problem you are having.A. Update.B. Fix bugs.C. Tech tips from years ago may not work now.D. Contact the developer of the app or software.E. Have you ever struggled when technology went wrong?F. First, be sure to check your Internet connection speed.G. However, you may be able to solve the problem by yourself.【文章大意】本文是说明文。文章简要向读者介绍了独自解决常见技术问题的几种方法。 3.F 【解析】根据本段的主旨句Check connection speed及空后的内容可知，本段主要讲述的是检查网络连接速度。故选F项。4.A 【解析】根据本段的主要内容尤其是But if you have not yet had the latest version you may miss the solution可知，本段主要
