1、小学英语语法及习题一、名词复数规则1一般情况下，直接加-s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds2以s.x.sh.ch结尾，加-es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches3以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i,再加-es，如：family-families, strawberry-strawberries4以“f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v,再加-es，如：knife-knives5不规则名词复数：man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen,c
2、hild-children， policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice，foot-feet, tooth-teeth，fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese写出下列各词的复数I_him_this_her_sand_watch_child_photo_diary_day_foot_book_dress_tooth_man_sheep_box_thief_peach_wich_woman_paper_juice_water_milk_rice_tea_ strawberry_二、一般现在
3、时（一）一般现在时基本用法介绍1、表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如：Theskyisblue. 天空是蓝色的。2、表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如：Igetupatsixeveryday. 我每天六点起床。3、表示客观现实。如：Theearthgoesaroundthesun. 地球绕着太阳转。（二）一般现在时的构成 1、be动词：主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。如：Iamaboy. 我是一个男孩。 2、行为动词：主语+行为动词(+其它)。如：WestudyEnglish. 我们学习英语。当主语为第三人称单数(he,she,it)时，要在动词后加-s或-es。如：MarylikesChine
4、se.玛丽喜欢汉语。 （三）一般现在时的变化 1、be动词的变化。 否定句：主语+be+not+其它。如：Heisnotaworker.他不是工人。 一般疑问句：Be+主语+其它。如：-Areyouastudent?-Yes.Iam./No,Imnot.特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：Whereismybike?2、行为动词的变化。否定句：主语+dont(doesnt)+动词原形(+其它)。如：Idontlikebread.当主语为第三人称单数时，要用doesnt构成否定句。如：Hedoesntoftenplay.一般疑问句：Do(Does)+主语+动词原形+其它。如：Doyouoften
5、playfootball?-Yes,Ido./No,Idont.当主语为第三人称单数时，要用does构成一般疑问句。如：Doesshegotoworkbybike?Yes,shedoes./No,shedoesnt.4、特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：Howdoesyourfathergotowork?5、动词+s的变化规则（1）一般情况下，直接加-s，如：cook-cooks,milk-milks（2）以s.x.sh.ch.o结尾，加-es，如：guess-guesses,wash-washes,watch-watches,go-goes（3）以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i,再加-es
6、，如：study-studies（四）一般现在时用法专练:1、写出下列动词的第三人称单数drink_go_stay_make_look_have_pass_carry_come_watch_plant_fly_study_brush_do_teach_drink_start_2、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。1.Heoften_(have)dinnerathome.2.DanielandTommy_(be)inClassOne.3.We_(notwatch)TVonMonday.4.Nick_(notgo)tothezooonSunday.5._they_(like)theWorldCup?6.
7、What_theyoften_(do)onSaturdays?7._yourparents_(read)newspaperseveryday?8.Thegirl_(teach)usEnglishonSundays.9.SheandI_(take)awalktogethereveryevening.10.There_(be)somewaterinthebottle.11.Mike_(like)cooking.12.They_(have)thesamehobby.13.Myaunt_(look)afterherbabycarefully.14.Youalways_(do)yourhomeworkw
8、ell.15.I_(be)ill.Imstayinginbed.16.She_(go)toschoolfromMondaytoFriday.17.LiuTao_(do)notlikePE.18.Thechildoften_(watch)TVintheevening.19.SuHaiandSuYang_(have)eightlessonsthisterm.20. Whatday_(be)ittoday?ItsSaturday.3、改错(划出错误的地方，将正确的写在横线上)1.IsyourbrotherspeakEnglish?_2.Doeshelikesgoingfishing?_3.Helik
9、esplaygamesafterclass._4.Mr.WuteachusEnglish._ 5.ShedontdoherhomeworkonSundays._三、现在进行时（一）现在进行时基本用法介绍1、现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作，也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。2、现在进行时的肯定句基本结构为be+动词ing. 如:IamwatchingTV.3、现在进行时的否定句在be后加not。如:IamnotwatchingTV.4、现在进行时的一般疑问句把be动词调到句首。如:AreyouwatchingTV?5现在进行时的特殊疑问的基本结构为：疑问词+be+主语+
10、动词ing? Whatareyoudoing?但疑问词当主语时其结构为：疑问词+be+动词ing?如:Whoissingingthere?（二）动词加ing的变化规则1一般情况下，直接加ing，如：cook-cooking2以不发音的e结尾，去e加ing，如：make-making,taste-tasting3如果末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母，双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ing，如：停止stop-stopping 游泳swimswimming 坐下sitsitting逐渐变成getgetting跑runrunning 放下Put-putting（三）现在进行时专项练习：1、写出下列动词的现在分
11、词：play_run_swim_make_go_like_write_ski_read_have_sing_dance_put_see_buy_love_live_take_come_get_stop_sit_2、用所给的动词的正确形式填空：1.Theboy_(draw)apicturenow.2.Listen.Somegirls_(sing)intheclassroom.3.Mymother_(cook)somenicefoodnow.4.What_you_(do)now?5.Look.They_(have)anEnglishlesson.6.They_(not,water)theflowe
12、rsnow.7.Look!thegirls_(dance)intheclassroom.8.Whatisourgranddaughterdoing?She_(listen)tomusic.9.Its5oclocknow.We_(have)suppernow10._Helen_(wash)clothes? Yes,sheis.四、将来时一、概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。句中一般有以下时间状语：tomorrow,nextday(week,month,year),soon,thedayaftertomorrow（后天）等。二、基本结构：begoingto+动词原形；w
13、ill+动词原形.三、否定句：在be动词（am,is,are）后加not或情态动词will后加not成wont。如：Imgoingtohaveapicnicthisafternoon.Imnotgoingtohaveapicnicthisafternoon.四、一般疑问句：be或will提到句首，some改为any,and改为or，第一二人称互换。如：Wearegoingtogoonanoutingthisweekend.Areyougoingtogoonanoutingthisweekend?五、同义句：begoingto=willIamgoingtogoswimmingtomorrow.=
14、Iwillgoswimmingtomorrow.练习：1、填空。1.我打算明天和朋友去野炊。I_haveapicnicwithmyfriends.I_haveapicnicwithmyfriends.2.下个星期一你打算去干嘛?我想去打篮球。What_nextMonday?I_playbasketball.What_youdonextMonday?I_playbasketball.3.你妈妈这个周末去购物吗？是，她要去买一些水果。_yourmother_goshoppingthis_?Yes,she_.She_buysomefruit.4.你们打算什么时候见面。Whattime_you_mee
15、t?2、改句子5.Nancyisgoingtogocamping.（改否定）Nancy_goingtogocamping.6.Illgoandjointhem.（改否定）I_go_jointhem.7.Imgoingtogetupat6:30tomorrow.（改一般疑问句）_togetupat6:30tomorrow?8.Wewillmeetatthebusstopat10:30.（改一般疑问句）_meetatthebusstopat10:30.9.Sheisgoingtolistentomusicafterschool.（对划线部分提问）_she_afterschool?10.Myfath
16、erandmotheraregoingtoseeaplaytomorrow.(同上)_goingtoseeaplaythedayaftertomorrow？五、一般过去时1一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用。（yesterday,lastyear/week.） 2Be动词在一般过去时中的变化：am和is在一般过去时中变为was。（wasnot=wasnt）are在一般过去时中变为were。（werenot=werent）带有was或were的句子，其否定、疑问的变化和is,am,are一样，即否定句在was或were后加not，一般疑问句把was或we
17、re调到句首。3句中没有be动词的一般过去时的句子否定句：didnt+动词原形，如：Jimdidntgohomeyesterday.一般疑问句：在句首加did，句子中的动词过去式变回原形。如：DidJimgohomeyesterday?特殊疑问句：疑问词+did+主语+动词原形？如：WhatdidJimdoyesterday?疑问词当主语时：疑问词+动词过去式？如：Whowenttohomeyesterday?动词过去式变化规则：1一般在动词末尾加-ed，如：pull-pulled,cook-cooked2结尾是e加d，如：taste-tasted3末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音
18、节，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-ed，如：stop-stopped4以“辅音字母+y”结尾的，变y为i，再加-ed，如：study-studied5.不规则动词的变化：am,is-was,are-were,do-did,see-saw,say-said,give-gave,get-got,go-went,come-came,have-had,eat-ate,take-took,run-ran,sing-sang,put-put,make-made,read-read,write-wrote,draw-drew,drink-drank,fly-flew,ride-rode,speak-spoke
19、,sweep-swept,swim-swam,sit-sat练习：写出下列动词的过去式isam_fly_plant_are_drink_play_go_make_does_dance_worry_ask_taste_eat_draw_put_throw_kick_pass_do_Be动词的过去时练习1、用be动词的适当形式填空。1.I_anEnglishteachernow.2.She_happyyesterday.3.They_gladtoseeeachotherlastmonth.4.HelenandNancy_goodfriends.5.Thelittledog_twoyearsoldt
20、hisyear.6.Look,there_lotsofgrapeshere.7.There_asignonthechaironMonday.2、用动词的适当形式填空。1.I_(watch)acartoononSaturday.2.Herfather_(read)anewspaperlastnight.3.We_tothezooyesterday,we_tothepark,too.(go)4._you_(visit)yourrelativeslastSpringFestival?5._he_(fly)akiteonSunday?Yes,he_.6.GaoShan_(pull)upcarrotsl
21、astNationalDayholiday.7.I_(sweep)theflooryesterday.8.What_she_(find)inthegardenlastmorning?She_(find)abeautifulbutterfly.3、句型转换。1.Therewasacarinfrontofthehousejustnow.否定句：_一般疑问句：_肯、否定回答：_2.Theyplayedfootballintheplayground.否定句：_一般疑问句：_肯、否定回答：_六、人称代词及对应的形容词性物主代词。人称代词：I我we我们you你you你们he他she她it它they他们物主
22、代词：my我的our我们的your你的your你们的his他的her她的its它的their他们的宾格：me我us我们you你you你him他her她it它them他们主格：Iweyousheheitthey宾格：meusyouherhimitthem形容词性物主代词：myouryourherhisitstheir名词性物主代词：mineoursyourshershisitstheirs1、用所给词的适当形式填空1.Thatisnot_kite.(my)2.Isthis_watch?(you)No,itsnot_.(I)3._ismybrother._nameisJack.Look!(he)4
23、._ismyaunt.Doyouknow_job?_isanurse.(she)5.Whereare_?Icantfind_.Letscall_parents.(they)七、形容词和副词的比较级形容词比较级在句子中的运用：两个事物或人的比较用比较级，比较级后面一般带有单词than。比较级前面可以用more,alittle来修饰表示程度。than后的人称代词用主格(1)一般在形容词或副词后+er如：tall-taller,strong-stronger,(2)双写最后一个字母，再+er如：big-bigger,fat-fatter,(3)把y变i，再+er如：heavy-heavier,ear
24、ly-earlier(4)不规则变化：如：well-better,much/many-more,1、写出下列形容词或副词的比较级old_young_tall_long_short_strong_big_small_fat_thin_heavy_light_nice_good_beautiful_low_high_slow_fast_late_early_far_well_2、根据句意填入单词的正确形式：1.Mybrotheristwoyears_(old)thanme.2.Isyoursister_(young)thanyou?Yes,sheis.3.Whois_(thin),youorHel
25、en?Helenis.4.Whosepencil-boxis_(big),yoursorhers?Hersis.5.Benjumps_(high)thansomeoftheboysinhisclass.6.DoesNancysing_(well)thanHelen?Yes,she_.7.Myeyesare_(big)thanhers.八、缩略形式Im=Iamyoure=youareshes=sheishes=heisdont=donotdoesnt=doesnotits=itiswhos=whoiscant=cannotisnt=isnotwell=wewill九、情态动词can引导的句型表示有能力做某事，can后面的动词要用原形。如：1.Whatcanyoudo?Icansweepthefloor.Icancookthemeals.2.Icanwatertheflowers.3.Canyoumakethebed?No,Icant.4.Canyouuseacomputer?Yes,Ican.5HowcanIgettoZhongshanPark?YoucangobytheNo.15bus.
