1、不动产估价专业词汇美国估价学会编 11 版第一章 不动产与不动产估价appraisal估 价 、 评 估 bundle of rights 权利束complete appraisal 完整性估价consulting 咨询eminent domain 征收escheat 没收FIRREA 金融机构改革、复原和执行法four powers of government 政府的四种权利leased fee estate 出租人权益leasehold estate 承租人权益liability 责任limited appraisal 限定性估价personal property 动产police pow
2、er 管制权，警察权purpose of an appraisal 估价目的real estate 不动产，房地产real property 不动产，不动产权利restricted appraisal report 限制式估价报告review appraisal 复审性估价self-contained appraisal report 叙述式估价报告state licensing and certification 州政府颁发地执照和资格证书summary appraisal report 摘要式估价报告taxation 课税trade fixture 营业设备、营业装置、商贸设备Unifor
3、m Standard of Professional Appraisal Practice 专业估价实务通用标准use of an appraisal 估价用途第二章 价值的属性assessed value 评估价值、评定价值cash equivalent price 约当价格construction costs 建筑成本cost 成本、花费demand 需求desire 欲望development cost 开发成本direct/hard cost 直接成本、硬成本effective purchasing power 实际购买力、有效购买力goingconcern value 永续经营价值i
4、ndirect/soft cost 间接成本、软成本insurable value 保险价值investment value 投资价值limitedmarket properties 限定市场的不动产market value 市场价值public interest value 公共利益价值real estate market 不动产市场，房地产市场scarcity 稀缺性specialpurpose properties 特定用途的不动产supply 供给use value 使用价值utility 效用第三章 不动产估价原则anticipation 预期conformity 适合consist
5、ent use 一致性使用contribution 贡献elasticity of demand 需求弹性externalities 外部性highest and best use 最高最佳使用highest and best use of land as though vacant 假设为空地的最高最佳使用highest and best use of property as improved 已经改良的不动产的最高最佳使用interim use 暂时使用law of increasing and decreasing returns 报酬递增和递减规律location 位置、地方oppor
6、tunity cost 机会成本point of decreasing returns 报酬递减点principle of progression 进化原则principle of regression 退化原则substitution 替代supply and demand 供给和需求surplus productivity 剩余生产力第四章 不动产市场与市场分析absorption 吸纳active（sellers） market 活跃（卖方）市场depressed （buyers） market 萧条（买方）市场economic base analysis 经济基础分析household
7、 家居单位 全家人long-term cycle 长期循环，长周期short-term cycle 短期循环，短周期market analysis 市场分析market equilibrium 市场均衡market disequilibrium 市场不均衡market segmentation 市场细分move-up demand 改善需求share of the market 市场份额strong market 强势市场submarket 次级市场weak market 弱势市场第五章不动产估价程序allocation 分配capitalization rate 资本化率cash flow
8、现金流量comparable sales 比较实例competitive supply and demand data竞争性供给和需求的数据cost approach 成本法date of the value estimate 价值日期、估价日期definition of the appraisal problem 估价事项界定definition of value 价值定义、价值界定direct capitalization 直接资本化法discount rate 折现率、贴现率extraction 抽取、提取final value estimate 最后价值估计、最终估价额general
9、data 一般性数据ground rent capitalization 土地租金资本化highest and best use of land as though vacant假设为空地的土地的最高最佳使用highest and best use of property as improved 已经改良的不动产的最高最佳使用identification of property rights 不动产权利的确认10income capitalizationapproach 收益资本化法income multiplier收益乘数limiting conditions 限制条件land residu
10、al technique土地剩余法land value estimate土地价值估计、土地估价preliminary analysis 初步分析present value现值range of value价值的范围、价值区间reconciliation of value indications估价结果调整report of defined value已定义价值的报告restricted appraisal report 限制性估价报告sales comparison approach 市场比较法scope of appraisal 估计范围selection and collection of
11、data数据选择和搜集selfcontained appraisal report叙述式估价报告specific data 详细数据、特定数据subdivision analysis 局部分析summary appraisal report 摘要式估价报告trends 趋 势use or function of the appraisal估价的用途或作用valuation process 估价过程、估价程序yield capitalization报酬投资化yield rate 报酬率第六章 货币市场与资本市场bankersacceptances 银行承兑汇票 basis point基点bond
12、 债券、证券business cycle商业周期capital market资本市场certificates of deposit定期存单collateralized mortgage obligations(CMOs )担保抵押证券commercial bank商业银行commercial mortgage backed securities(CMBs)商业抵押担保证券commercial paper商业本票debt 债、债务deed of trust信托契据demand deposits活期存款disintermediation逆中介dividends 股 利equity 所有者权益、权益
13、Eurodollars 欧洲美元Fannie Mae 联邦国民抵押协会Farmer Mac 联邦农业抵押公司Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation(FDIC)联邦存款保险公司federal discount rate联邦贴现率金federal funds联邦资金、联邦基金Federal Open Market Committee(FOMC)联邦公开市场委员会Federal Reserve System联邦储备系统Financial Institutions Reform ， Recovery and Enforcement Act(FIRREA) 金融机构改
14、革、复苏和强化法案Fractional reserve banking 部分准备银行Freddie Mac联邦住宅放款抵押公司general partnership普通合伙Ginnie Mae政府国民抵押协会home equity loan住宅权益贷款inflation 通货膨胀installment sale contract分期付款insurance company保险公司interest rate利息率interim financing临时融资international equity capital国际权益资本joint venture合资公司junior lien低位抵押（留置）jun
15、ior mortgage originators 低位抵押贷款提供者key economic indicators关键经济指标land contract土地契约limited partnership有限合伙money货币money market 货币市场mortgage抵押municipal notes市政债券mutual savings bank互助储蓄银行pension fund退休基金purchase-money mortgage(PMM)购买金抵押prime rate基本利率real estate investment trusts(REITS)不动产投资信托real estate m
16、ortgage investment conduits (REMICs) 不动产抵押贷款投资转手凭证repurchase (and reverse repurchase) agreements回购（逆回购）协定reserverequirement准备金要求reverseannuitymortgage逆年金抵押riskrating风险等级saving andloan association储货机构secondarymortgagemarket次级抵押市场securitization ofrealestateinterests不动产权益证券化stock股票stockcorporation股份公司s
17、yndication联合募股组织、企业联合组织takeoutfinancing后续长期借款融资time deposits 定期存款Treasury bill or note 短期无息国库券或中期国库券Trust信托venturecapital投机资本第七章 不动产绝对所有权及部分权利air rights空中权book value账 面 价 值 condominium共同管理住宅conservation easement保护地役权contract rent合同租金cooperative合伙式easements地 役 权 easements in gross总地役权equity 资产净值equit
18、y syndication企业联合组织募股fee simple绝对所有权fractional interest部分权益general partnership普通合伙gross lease租赁总额joint tenancy联合承租权land trust土地信托leased fee出租额leasehold租赁leasehold mortgaging租赁抵押lessee承租人lessor出租人life estate终生产业权limited liability company有限责任公司limited partnership有 限 合 伙 契 约 market rent市场租金modified gro
19、ss lease修正后租金总额mortgage抵押net lease 净租约partial interest部分权益partnership合伙preservation easement保护地役权sandwich lease承 租 人 转 让 stock corporation股份公司sublease转租subsurface rights 地下权tenancy租赁权tenancy by entirety 整体租赁权tenancy in common 共同租赁权timesharing 时间分享transferable development rights (TDRs)可转让开发权trust 信 托
20、第八章 资料的搜集与分析absorption rate吸纳率accelerated cost recovery system (ACRS)加速折旧方法adjustment修正ad valorem tax从价税balance of trade贸易均衡building permit建筑许可building start建筑开工business cycle 商业周期capitalization rate资本化率competitive supply竞争性供给consideration因素construction cost建设成本Consumer Price Index (CPI) 消费者价格指数cost
21、-estimating manual成本估计手册data array grid资料列表debt service债务服务demand需求depreciation折旧disposable income可支配收入economic base经济基础economic base analysis经济基础分析economic indicator经营指标economic life经济寿命Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) 电子资料交换field inspection现场调查forecasting预测general data一般资料GeographicInformationSys
22、tem (GIS)地理信息系统gross domestic product 国内生产总值gross national product 国民生产总值household 家 庭household formation 家庭构成improvement cost data 建筑物成本资料income and expense data收入与消费资料listing列表macroeconomic factor宏观经济因素market data grid市场资料栏microeconomic factor微观经济因素modifiedacceleratedcostrecoverysystem (MACRS)加速折旧
23、修正法nominal price名义价格offering提供operating expense经营费用plat map地区地图price level价格水平prime interest rate主要利率proprietary data私人资料purchasing power购 买 力 real price真实价格school tax 学校区税sittingfactor基地坐落因素specific data特别资历料Topographically Integrated Geographic Encoding and Referencing(TIGER)datafiles 地形地理编码参考资料库t
24、ransaction data交易资料unemployment rate失 业 率 units of comparison比较单位vacancy and collection loss空置和欠租损失volume of retail sales 零 售 额wage level工资水平第九章 邻里与地区agricultural district农业地区apartment and multifamily district 多家庭公寓地区business district商业地区centrual businessdistrict (CBD) 中心商务区commercial district商业地区co
25、mmunity shopping center社区购物中心ComprehensiveEnvironmentalResponse, Compensation,and Liability Act of 1980 (CERCLA) 1980 年颁布的综合环境反应、补偿与责任法decline 下 降destination shopping目的性购物displacement替代district地区education district教育地区environmental hazards/liabilities 环境危险/责任environmental property assessment (EPRA) 不
26、动产环境评估Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)环境保护署environmental remediation/cleanup 环境补救/清除environmental site assessment (ESA) 环保基地评估gentrification更新growth成长hightechnologyparks高科技园区historic district历史性地区industrial district工业地区innocent purchaser非专业购买joint and several liability联合与个别责任linkages关联location区
27、位neighborhood邻里medical district医药卫生地区neighborhood or district boundaries 邻里或地区边界neighborhood or district life cycle 邻里或地区生命周期neighborhood and strip shopping center 邻里与带状购物中心nuisance 损 害office district 办公地区Property Observation Checklist 不动产观察检验表regionalshopping center区域商业中心research and development pa
28、rk 研究开发园区residential district居住地区revitalization更新，（新生复兴）single-family residential neighborhood单一家庭住宅邻里sitting地点specialty center专卖店stability稳定度strict liability严格责任Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986（SARA） 1986 年制定的超级基金修正再授权法案superregional shopping center 超级区域商业中心time-distance linkage
29、时间距离联结trade area贸易区第十章 土地或建筑基地描述abstract of title产权摘要assessed value评 估 价 值 base line基准线constructive notice建设通告corner influence角地影响economic unit 经济单位excess land超额土地FederalEmergencyManagementAgency (FEMA)联邦紧急状况管理机构Floodplain泛滥平原frontage 临街面宽geodetic survey program大地测量系统government survey system政府测量系统la
30、nd or site analysis土地或基地分析land- to- building ratio土地对建筑物比率legal description法律描述lot （抽签，一块地） and block system宗地和街区系统metes and bounds system分界系统off site improvement基地外建筑物on site improvement基地内建筑物point of beginning (POB)起 始 点 plat book地图册plottage 土地分割plottage value 土地分割价值principal meridian 主子午线quadrang
31、le 四边形range line 范围线raw land生地rectangular (government)survey system矩形(政府)测量系统site基地subdivision development analysis 土地分割开发分析surplus land剩余土地tax parcel课税宗地total station总站township乡镇township line乡镇线wetlands湿地第十一章 建筑物描述AmericanswithDisabilitiesAct (ADA) of 19901990 年 asbestos-containingmaterials (ACMS)石
32、棉材料bays隔间building code建筑法规buildingdescription建筑物描述cogeneration集合deferred maintenance items延迟维护部件economiclife经济寿命equipment and mechanical systems 设备及机电系统exterior description外部描述facade 正立面floating foundation浮筏基础footing地基framing框架gross building area (GBA)总建筑面积gross leasable area (GLA)总可出租面积gross living
33、area (GLA)总居住面积heating ,ventilation ,andair conditioning (HVAC) system供热、通风与空气调节系统immediate repair items立即修复部件infrastructure基础设施insulation绝缘interior description内部描述internal supports内部支撑系统joists托梁、桁架long lived items长寿命项目obsolescence贬值platform construction平面结构post and beam framing梁柱框架process related e
34、quipment程序性设施quality and condition survey 质量与状况调查R- valueR 值remaining economic life剩余经济寿命short lived items短寿命项目solar heating 太阳能供热strut支撑studs饰钉substructure地下结构superstructure地上结构 use classification用途分类ventilation通风zone control分区控制第十二章 建筑风格与功能Adequacy充足Agricultural building design建筑设计Americans with D
35、isabilities Act 美国残疾人保障法Architectural style建筑风格Architecture建筑（学） Bay depth隔间深度Ceiling height天花板高度Column spacing柱间距Commercial building design商业建筑设计Compatibility可比较性Conversion转变Elevator capacity 提升能力Energy conservation能量保持Energy efficiency能量效率Floor load楼 层 承 载 力 Formal architecture正式建筑Functional inuti
36、lity功能无效Functional utility功能效用Grass building area (GBA)总建筑面积Heating , ventilation , air conditioning (HVAC) systems供热、通风与空气调节系统Hotel design旅馆设计Industrial building design工业建筑设计Live load/load bearing capacity 活荷载/承载能力Market standard 市场标准Mixed use development (MUD)多用途开发Pre engineered construction 设计的建筑
37、Parking ratio停车比率Public amenities公共设施Regional building styles地方建筑风格Reinforced concrete 预应力混凝土Sitting建筑基地Special purpose design特殊用途（建筑）设计Storage building design仓储建筑设计Styrofoam forming 聚苯乙烯合成树脂装填Temperature control system 温控系统Truss system桁架系统Vernacular architecture地方建筑Work letter工作条件第十三章 最高最佳使用分析alter
38、native use可替代性使用appropriately supported技术可能consistent use持 续 性 利 用 criteria variable标准价值intensity of use集约化利用interim uses内部利用land residual土地剩余legally nonconforming uses 法律上的非一致性利用excess land 过量土地existing use 现有使用feasibility 可行性financially feasible财物可行four criteria四 项 标 准 legally permissible法律许可maxim
39、ally productive产出最大化multiple uses 多种使用potential use 潜在利用single use 单一使用special purpose uses特殊目的用途speculative uses投机性使用ideal improvement理想化的改良物use density使用密度surplus land过量土地value in use使用价值第十四章 土地或基地估价absorption吸纳率adjustments修正allocation分配法deed restriction契据限制depreciated cost折旧后成本developers profit开发
40、商利润development period开发期direct capitalization直接资本化法marketing period营销期间offers还价off site improvements 基地外改良物on site improvements 基地内正良物operating income 经营收益net operating income净经营收益net sales proceeds净 销 售 额 right of way路权discounted cash flow analysis 折现现金流量法sales comparison市场比较法extraction抽取法gross inc
41、ome总收益ground rent土地租金easement地役权site基地siteimprovements基地改良物subdivision development分割开发unit price单位价格ground rent capitalization土地租金资本化法yield capitalization报酬资本化法land土地zoning土地使用分区land residual土地剩余法第十五章 成本法估价carrying charges持有费用contractors profit承包商利润cost approach成本法cost estimate成本估计feasibility study可
42、行性研究functional obsolescence功能性退化functional utility功 能 效 用 incurable depreciation不可修复折旧curable depreciation可修复折旧indirect costs (soft costs) 间接成本（软件成本）depreciated cost折旧后成本depreciation 折 旧physical deterioration实体损坏replacement cost重置成本direct costs (hard costs) 直接成本（硬件成本）reproduction cost重建成本entrepreneu
43、rial incentive (profit) 企业家奖励（利润）stabilized occupancy稳定入住external obsolescence外部性退化第十六章 建筑物成本估计base cost基础成本benchmark building标准建筑comparative unite method比较单位法contractors overhead and profit承包商经营管理费用与利润cost index成本指数cost index trending成本指数趋势developers fee开发商费用direct costs 直接成本entrepreneurial incenti
44、ve and profit 企业家激励与利润gross building area (GBA)总建筑面积gross leasable area (GLA)总可出租面积gross livingarea (GLA)总居住面积indirect costs间接成本net rentable area (NRA)净可出租面积project profit项目利润quantity survey method数量调查法replacement cost重置成本reproduction cost重建成本第十七章 折旧估计actual age实际使用年龄age life method年龄 寿命法functional
45、obsolescence功能性贬值functional obsolescence procedure 功能性贬值序列age life procedure for physical deterioration 实体性损坏年龄 寿命法incurablephysicaldeterioration/functional obsolescence不可修复实体损坏或功能性贬值book depreciation账面折旧break down method分解法long lived component长寿命部件market extraction method市场抽取法capitalization of rent loss租金损失资本化法cost to cure修复成本physical deterioration 实体性损坏cost to replace重置成本remaining economic life剩
