1、小学英语教案 任课教师:江小谦四种时态总结一、一般现在时标志词:always(总是) usually(通常) often(经常) sometimes(有时) never(从不) every(每一)行为动词词型变化形式一般现在时动词只有第三人称有词形变化,其他人称(第一人称:I, we;第二人称:you;第三人称复数:they、my friends)动词均用原形当主语是第三人称单数时,一般动词在一般现在时句子中的变化规律:1、多数在动词后加s playplayslikelikes ,2、以s,x,sh,ch,o结尾的动词加es washwashes catchcatches dodoes3、以辅
2、音字母加y结尾,把y改i再加es flyfliesstudystudies4、以元音字母加y结尾,直接加s buy buys5、不规则变化 havehas一般现在时基本用法功能1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。 如:The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。 如:I get up at six every day.我每天六点起床。3.表示客观现实。 如:The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。 The earth is round.构成1. be动词:主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。 如:I am a boy.我是一个
3、男孩。2.行为动词:主语+行为动词(+其它)。 如:We study English.我们学习英语。句型肯定句:A.be动词:主语+ be + 其它成分 He is a worker. B.行为动词:主语+动词(注意人称变化) +其它成分 We like the little cat.否定句:A.be动词:主语+ be + not +其它成分 They are not students.B.行为动词:主语+助动词(do/does) + not +动词原形+其它成分We dont like the little cat.一般疑问句:A.be动词: Am / Is /Are +主语 + 其它成分A
4、re you a teacher? Yes, I am. / No, I am not. Are they students of your school.Yes they are / No they aren,t.B.行为动词:助动词(Do/Does)+主语+动词原形 + 其它成分Do you like it? Yes, I do. / No. I dont . Does he(she) like it? Yes, he( she )does. / No, he ( she )doesnt.特殊疑问句:疑问词+ 一般疑问句A.be动词: How many students are there
5、 in your school? B.行为动词:What do you usually do on Sunday?一般现在时动词be和 have的变化形式1.动词Be 叫连系动词, 用法:第一人称单数用am,第三人称单数用is,其它人称用are。2.动词have的用法:第三人称单数用has以外,其它人称一律用have。如:注意事项 1.在英国,人们常用have got代替have,特别在疑问句和否定句中。2.当have如果不表示“有”时,构成疑问或否定句时,就借助于助动词do, does 如:I have a new pen . 否:I have not a new pen. (表示有) I
6、have lunch at 12 oclock. 否:I dont have lunch at 12 oclock. (表示吃)二现在进行时:标志词:now, look, listen,Its+时间.现在进行时: 表示正在进行的、发生的动作基本结构:ambe is + 动词 ingare肯定句:主语 + be动词(am, are, is)+ 现在分词(ing)+ 其他 I am watching TV.否定句:主语 + be动词+ not + 现在分词(ing)+ 其他 I am not watching TV.一般疑问句:Be动词(Am, Are, Is) + 主语 + 现在分词(ing)+
7、 其他 Are you watching TV? Yes, I am. / No, I am not.特殊疑问句:疑问词+ 一般疑问句 What are you doing?动词的-ing形式的变化规律:1.直接加-ing watchwatching cleancleaning2.以-y结尾的动词,直接加-ing studystudyingplayplaying3.以不发音的-e结尾的动词,先去-e再加-ing makemaking comecoming4.末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节动词,双写末尾字母,再加-ing cutcutting三、一般将来时的用法:表示将来某一时刻
8、的动作或状态,或将来某一段时间内经常的动作或状态。标志词:tomorrow(明天),the day after tomorrow(后天),next (下一个),from now on(从现在开始),in the future(将来),soon(不久)等 结构:( 1 ) be(am,is ,are) +going to+动词原形 ( 2 ) will+动词原形“be going to+动词原形(打算)”=”will+动词原形(将,会)”Im going to study tomorrow. I will study tomorrow.(be going to着重于事先考虑好 will 未事先考
9、虑好)-一般不用考虑肯定句:主语 + be (am, are, is) going to + 动词原形. 主语 + will + 动词原形否定句:主语 + be (am, are, is) not going to + 动词原形. 主语 + wont + 动词原形.一般疑问句:Be (Am, Are, Is) + 主语 + going to + 动词原形? Will + 主语 + 动词原形? 特殊疑问句:疑问词+ 一般疑问句?注意:will 常简略为 ll,并与主语连写在一起,如:Ill,hell,itll,well,youll,theyll。 四、一般过去时标志词:yesterday(昨天)
10、, last (上一个), this morning(今天早上),ago(以前), before (在之前), in 2002(在2002年) 等用法:表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,常和表示过去的时间状语连用。也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作动词过去式变化规则:1一般在动词末尾加-ed 如:watch-watched, cook-cooked2结尾是e加d 如:taste-tasted3末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加-ed,如:stop-stopped4以“辅音字母+y”结尾的,变y为i, 再加-ed,如:study-studied5不规则动
11、词过去式:am,is-was, are-were, do-did, see-saw, say-said, give-gave句型:1、Be动词在一般过去时中的变化:am 和is 变为was。 否定(was not=wasnt)are 变为were。 否定(were not=werent)否定句:在 was或were后加not一般疑问句:把was或were调到句首。2、行为动词在一般过去时中的变化否定句:didnt + 动词原形 如:Jim didnt go home yesterday.一般疑问句:在句首加Did,句子中的动词过去式变回原形 如:Did Jim go home yesterda
12、y?特殊疑问句:(1)疑问词+did+主语+动词原形? 如: What did Jim do yesterday?(2)疑问词当主语时:疑问词+动词过去式? 如:Who went to home yesterday?附录:小学常用不规则动词过去式一、不规则动词的过去式的构成1把动词原形中的i改为a,变成过去式。如: beginbegan,drinkdrank,givegave,ringrang,singsang,sitsat,swimswam 2把重读开音节中的i改为o,变成过去式。如: drivedrove,riderode,writewrote 3改动词原形中的aw ow为ew,变成过去式
13、。如: drawdrew,growgrew,knowknew,throwthrew(动词show除外,showshowed) 4动词原形中的e改为o,变成过去式。如: getgot,forgetforgot 5动词原形中的ee改为e,变成过去式。如: feedfed,meetmet 6动词原形中的eep改为ept,变成过去式。如: keepkept,sleepslept,sweepswept 7动词原形中的eak改为oke,变成过去式。如: breakbroke,speakspoke 8动词原形中的ell改为old,变成过去式。如: sellsold,telltold 9动词原形中的an改为o
14、o,变成过去式。如: standstood,understandunderstood 10以ought和aught结尾,且读音是 :t的过去式。如: bringbrought,buy bought,thinkthought,catchcaught,teachtaught 11以ould结尾且读音为ud的情态动词过去式。如: cancould,shallshould,willwould 12把动词原形中的o改为a,变成过去式。如: comecame,becomebecame 13在动词原形后加d或t变成过去式,并且发生音变。如: hearhi heardh :d, sayseisaidsed,m
15、eanmi:nmeantment 14动词的过去式与动词原形一样。如: letlet,mustmust,putput,readreadred 二不规则动词表原形 过去式 中文释义am was 是(表示存在、状态等)are were 是(表示存在、状态等)become became 成为;变成begin began 开始break broke 打破bring brought 拿来;取来;带来build built 构筑;建造;建筑buy bought 购买;买can could 可以;能;可能;会catch caught 赶上(车船等);捕获come came 来;来到cut cut 切;割;削
16、;剪do/does did 做;干;行动draw drew 画drink drank 喝;饮drive drove 开车;驾驶eat ate 吃feel felt 感到;觉得find found 寻找;查找fly flew 飞行forget forgot 忘记;忘却get got 变得give gave 给;授予go went 去have/has had 得(病);患(病);有;吃;饮hear heard 听见;听说hide hid 隐藏is was 是(表示存在、状态等)keep kept 保持;使保持某种状态know knew 知道;了解leave left 离去;出发let let 允许
17、;让lose lost 失去;丧失make made 使;促使;迫使;做;制作may might 可能;可以mean meant 表示的意思;作的解释meet met 遇见;相逢put put 放;摆;装read read /e/ 读;阅读ride rode 骑ring rang (铃)响rise rose 上升run ran 跑;奔跑say said 说;讲see saw 看见send sent 发送;寄;派;遣set set 放, 置show showed 出示;给看shut shut 关上(门、盖、窗户等)sing sang 唱;唱歌sit sat 坐sleep slept 睡;睡觉sp
18、eak spoke 说;说话swim swam 游泳take took 搭乘;花费(时间);拿走;带到teach taught 教;讲授tell told 告诉;讲述think thought 想;思考will would 将要win won 赢;获胜write wrote 书写小学英语语法(词性)总结一、形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的用法:当两种物体之间相互比较时,我们要用形容词或副词的比较级;当相互比较的物体是三个或三个以上时,用形容词或副词的最高级。比较级 二者比较,标志词:than最高级 三者以上比较,标志词:the 形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的变化规律:1.单音节形容词或副词后面直
19、接加-er或-est talltallertallestfastfasterfastest2.以-e结尾的单音节形容词或副词直接加-r或-st largelargerlargestnicenicernicest3.以-y结尾的形容词或副词,改-y为-i再加-er或-est busybusierbusiestearlyearlierearliest4.形容词或副词是重读闭音节时,双写最后的辅音字母,再加-er或-est hothotterhottest5.多音节形容词或副词前面直接加more或most beautifulmore beautifulmost beautiful6. 以ly结尾的副
20、词一般加more或most slowlymore slowlymost slowly7.不规则变化 good (well)- better-best bad (badly)-worse-worst little-less-least far-farther-further many(much)- more most形容词、副词的比较级和最高级用法:比较级:1、形容词:物体A + am / are / is + 形容词比较级 + than + 物体BI am taller than you. This picture is more beautiful than that one.2、副词:物体
21、A + 行为动词 + 副词比较级 + than + 物体B.He studies better than me.最高级:1、形容词:物体A + am / are / is + the + 形容词最高级 + 比较范围(of + 人/物,in + 地方).I am the tallest in the class. Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in China.2、副词:物体A + 行为动词 + 副词最高级 + 比较范围(of + 人/物,in + 地方).Cheetahs run fastest in the world. He studies b
22、est of us.表示两者对比相同:主语+谓语+as+形容词/副词原形+as+从句This box is as big as mine. This coat is not so/as cheap as that one. I study English as hard as my brother.英语比较级和最高级 练习(一)1.A pig is _ than a dog. wS_4 C|Y_ A. much heavy B. more heavierC much heavier D. more heavy _5S_wtDfj 2.Which is _ season in Beijing?
23、JMD$_/Q) I think its spring. |!G_nH9 P A. good B. well C. best D. the best :Kh_EOpOK 3. The city is becoming _. ?_Fq1R6_ A. more beautiful and more B. more beautiful and beautiful I_7)=#a2 C. more and more beautiful D. more beautiful and beautifuler _Z$N,#S 4.Which does Alice like _ , Chinese or Art
24、? _9#yu_| _ CGG!J3FNz9 A. well B. best C. better D. much d_ _4.c3 A. the longest river B. longest rivers THzE_%_W C. the longest rivers D. longer rivers n_$.bVU 6.LiMing speaks Chinese _ better than me. _zS_V_o(a( A. very B. more C. a lot of D. much .#Sy!/=Zw 7.There are_boys in ClassTwothan in Clas
25、s Four. #Dat_j_| J A. more B. many C. most D. best L- scB#m 8.Who has _ oranges now, Jim, Lily or Lucy? C1_$5S)r A. much B. biggest C. better D. the most QU),R+_zB 9.Mother is _ in my family. _-QHOBmJ,E A. busy B. busier C. the busiest D. more B0IB$jGU_ 10.No one is _ Lucy in the class. 4=_? k_b_ A.
26、 so tallest as B. as taller as C. so high as D. as tall as A_R4W$_ (二) 写出下列形容词与副词的比较级与最高级形式: long_ _ wide _ _ fat _ _ heavy_ _ slow _ _ few_ _ brightly_ -_ bably _ _ far_ _ quickly _ _ happy_ -_ unhappy_ (三)用所给词的正确形式填空: 1. Of the two girls, I find Lucy the _ (clever). 2. Gold(黄金) is _ (little) usefu
27、l than iron(铁). 3. My sister is two years _ (old ) than I. 4. Johns parents have four daughters, and she is the _ (young) child. 5. The _ (cheap) bags are the not usually the best ones. 6. The short one is by far _ expensive of the five. 7. The boy is not so _ (interesting) as his brother. 8. Dick s
28、ings _ (well), she sings _(well) than John, but Mary sings_(well) in her class. 9. She will be much _ (happy) in her mew house. 10. This dress is _ that.(twice, asas, expensive) 参考答案:(一)C D C C C D A D C D .bCl6V_7l. (二)longer longest wider widestfatter fattest heavier heaviestslower slowest fewer f
29、ewestmore brightly, most brightly worse, worstfurther,furthest more quickly, most quicklyhappier happiest unhappier unhappiest(三)clever lessOlder youngestCheapest the mostInteresting well, better, the bestHappier twice as expensive as二、情态动词情态动词的定义:情态动词有词义,但它不能单独作谓语,它必须和其他动词一起构成谓语。情态动词没有人称和数的变化,后加动词原
30、形。can 能够,会 may 可以 shall 将,要 should 应该 must 必须have(has)to 不得不 had better 最好情态动词的用法:情态动词肯定句否定句can主语 + can + 动词原形主语 + can + not + 动词原形may主语 + may + 动词原形主语 + may + not + 动词原形shall主语 + shall + 动词原形主语 + shall + not + 动词原形should主语 + should + 动词原形主语 + should + not + 动词原形must主语 + must + 动词原形主语 + must + not +
31、 动词原形have(has)to主语 + have(has)to + 动词原形主语 + dont(doesnt)+ have(has)to + 动词原形had better主语 + had better + 动词原形主语 + had better + not + 动词原形情态动词疑问句肯定回答否定回答canCan + 主语+动词原形?Yes, can.No, cant.mayMay + 主语+动词原形?Yes, may. / Sure.No, may not.shallShall + 主语+动词原形?Yes, please. / All right.No, lets not.shouldSho
32、uld +主语+动词原形?Yes, should.No, shouldnt.mustMust + 主语+动词原形?Yes, must.No, neednt.have(has)toDo (does)+主语 + have to +动词原形?Yes, do (does).No, dont (doesnt).had better三、名词复数规则1一般情况下,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds2以s. x. sh. ch结尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches3以
33、“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries4以“f或fe”结尾,变f或fe为v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives5不规则名词复数:man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice, child-children,foot-feet,tooth-teeth,fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese可数名词变为复数形
34、式有如下变化,如下表:情况构成方法例词一般情况在词尾+sdesk-desks, apple-apples以-s.x.ch.sh结尾的词在词尾+esclass-classes, box-boxespeach-peaches, dish-dishes以辅音字母加y结尾的词变y为i再+esfactory-factories, family-families以元音字母加y结尾的词在词尾+sday-days, boy-boys, key-key以f或fe结尾的词变f或fe为v再+esknife-knives, wife-wivesleaf-leaves, life-lives以辅音字母o结尾的词有生命的
35、+es无生命的+s以oo结尾的+spotato-potatoes, hero-heroesphoto-photos技巧归纳改f(e)为ve加s口诀(1)树叶半数自己黄 妻子拿刀去割粮 架后窜出一只狼 就像小偷逃命忙(2)常用不规则名词复数形式 foot-feet 脚 man-men 男人 woman-women 女人 tooth-teeth 牙 mouse-mice 老鼠 goose-geese 鹅 child-children 小孩(3)单复数同形 fish 鱼 li 里 jin 斤 yuan 元 mu 亩 sheep 羊 deer 小鹿 Chinese 中国人 Japanese 日本人 m
36、eans 手段单复名词同形:中国人日本人都爱绵羊 鹿和鱼.高频考点 man woman 作定词修饰复数时需变为复数形式two men doctors 两位男医生 many women leaders 很多女领导(4)只有复数形式,没有单数形式trousers 裤子 clothes 衣服 shorts 短裤 goods 商品 glasses 眼镜 shoes 鞋(5)常用不可数名词advice 建议 baggage 行李 bread 面包 rain 雨 steel 钢 gold 金 sand 沙 grass 草 glass 玻璃 oil 油 paper 纸 butter 黄油 salt 盐 be
37、auty 漂亮 change 零钱 information 信息 smoke water 水 homework 作业 cloth 布 food 食品 money 钱 tea 茶 snow 雪 wealth 财富 furniture 家具 cotton 棉花 rice 大米 fruit 水果 milk 牛奶四、介词口诀:介词的用法早、午、晚要用in,at黎明、午夜、点与分。年、月、年月、季节、周,阳光、灯、影、衣、冒in。将来时态in.以后,小处at大处in。有形with无形by,语言、单位、材料in。特征、方面与方式,心情成语惯用in。介词at和to表方向,攻击、位置、恶、善分。日子、日期、年
38、月日,星期加上早、午、晚,收音、农场、值日on,关于、基础、靠、著论。着、罢、出售、偷、公、假,故意、支付、相反,准。特定时日和“一就”,on后常接动名词。年、月、日加早、午、晚,of之前on代in。步行、驴、马、玩笑on,cab,carriage则用in。at山脚、门口、在当前,速、温、日落、价、核心。工具、和、同随with,具有、独立、就、原因。就来说宾译主,对、有、方状、表细分。海、陆、空、车、偶、被by,单数、人类know to man。this、that、tomorrow,yesterday,next、last、one。接年、月、季、星期、周,介词省略已习惯。over、under正上下,above、below则不然,若与数量词连用,混合使用亦无关。beyond超出、无、不能,against靠着,对与反。besides,except分内外,among之内along沿。同类比较except,加for异类记心间。原状because of,、 owing to、 due to表语形容词under后接修、建中,of、from物、化分。before、after表一点, ago、later表一段。before能接完成时,ago过去极有限。