1、【英语】非谓语动词(完整版)一、单项选择非谓语动词1The man fell to the ground, his left foot_ and blood _ down from his mouth.Abreaking;runningBbroken;runningCbreaking ; runDbroken; run【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查独立主格结构。句意：那人摔倒在地，左脚骨折，血从嘴里往下流。当分词做状语的时候，如果分词的逻辑主语与句子主语没有关系，就在分词的前面直接加上逻辑主语，形成独立主格结构，该结构在作用上相当于一个状语从句。本句中的第一空的名词his left foot与
2、动词break构成逻辑上的被动关系，故使用过去分词。第二空的名词blood与动词run构成主动关系，故使用现在分词。故选B。2Life is a journey _with hardships, joys and special moments.AfilledBto fillCfillingDhaving filled【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词，句意：生命是一个充满艰辛，快乐和特别时刻的旅程。在题干中_with hardship做journey的后置定语，与所修饰的journey构成被动关系，所以使用过去分词filled。be filled with做定语的时候，可以把be去掉。
3、也可以转换成定语从句。故选A。3Simon made a big bamboo box the little sick bird till it would fly.A keep B kept C keeping D to keep【答案】D【解析】 4(湖南) There is no greater pleasure than lying on my back in the middle of the grassland, _ at the night sky.Ato stareBstaringCstaredDhaving stared【答案】B【解析】试题分析：考查非谓语动词用法。句中的动
4、词stare的逻辑主语是隐含主语I，两者之间为主动关系，故用现在分词。句意：没有比背躺在草地中间，盯着夜空更快乐的事情了。故B正确。考点：考查非谓语动词用法5_ by the advances in technology, many farmers have set up wind farms on their land.ABeing encouragedBEncouragingCEncouragedDHaving encouraged【答案】C【解析】试题分析：考查过去分词做状语：句意：被科技的进步鼓舞着，很多农民在自己的土地上建起了风力发电厂。逗号前面的是非谓语动词做状语，encourag
5、e和这句话的主语many farmers是被动关系，用过去分词做状语，选C。考点：考查过去分词做状语6Come on,please give me some ideas about the project.Sorry.With so much work _ my mind,I almost break down.Afilled Bfilling Cto fill Dbeing filled【答案】B【解析】“with+复合结构”在句中表状态或说明背景情况，常作伴随、方式、原因、条件等状语，该结构由“名词(代词)不定式、形容词、副词、介词短语、动词-ing形式、动词-ed形式等”构成。with+
6、名词+动词-ing形式用于强调名词是动词-ing形式的动作的发出者或某动作、状态正在进行。根据work与fill的关系可判断出要用动词-ing形式作宾语补足语，表示“工作充满了我的头脑”。动词-ed形式作宾语补足语表示被动。动词不定式作宾语补足语表示将要发生的事。7Chinas image is improving steadily, with more countries _ its role in international affairs.ArecognizingBbeing recognizedCto be recognizedDrecognized【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查wit
7、h复合结构。句意：中国的形象正在稳步提升，更多的国家认识到中国在国际事务中的作用。“更多的国家”和“认识”之间是主动关系，用现在分词，故选A。8_ the convenience of digital payment, many senior citizens started to use smart phones.ATo enjoyBEnjoyingCTo have enjoyedDEnjoy【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了享受数字支付的方便，很多老年市民开始使用智能手机。此处用不定式表目的，故选A。9（北京）The national park has a large c
8、ollection of wildlife, _ from butterflies to elephants.ArangingBrangeCto rangeDranged【答案】A【解析】试题分析：句意：国家公园有许多的野生动物，包括从蝴蝶到大象等等。此处野生动物和range之间是主动关系，用现在分词，故选A。考点：考查非谓语动词。名师点睛现在分词和过去分词的区别：在语态上，现在分词表示主动意义，过去分词表示被动意义；在时间上，现在分词表示的动作往往正在进行或者与谓语动词同时发生，过去分词表示的动作已经完成或没有一定的时间性。如：falling leaves 正在下落的树叶 fallen le
9、aves 已经落在地上的树叶分词的作用作定语单个分词作定语，分词前置。如：The sleeping boy is my son.The excited people rushed into the building.分词短语作定语，分词后置；分词修饰不定代词something等要后置；个别分词如give，left等作定语也后置。如：The girl standing under the tree is my niece.The building built last year is our library.过去分词作定语与其修饰的词是被动关系，相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。如：Most of
10、the people invited to the party were famous scientists作状语现在分词和过去分词在句中可以作时间、原因、方式、伴随、条件、结果等状语。Not receiving any letter from him, I gave him a call.As I didnt receive any letter from him, I gave him a call.Given more attention, the trees could have grown better.If more attention was given, the trees c
11、ould have grown better.(条件)Walking along the street, I ran across my old friend.Bitten by a snake, he was taken to hospital(原因).Though defeated, he didnt lose heart. (让步)He lay on the grass, looking into the sky. (伴随)He came running to tell me the good news. (方式) 注意：选择现在分词还是过去分词，关键看主句的主语。如分词的动作是由主句的
12、主语发出，分词就用现在分词，反之就用过去分词。试比较：（Being）Used for a long time, the book looks old.由于用了很长时间，这本书看上去很旧。Using the book, I find it useful.在使用的过程中，我发现这本书很有用。分词作状语时，其逻辑主语必须和主句的主语一致，如果不一致，就用独立主格结构，即在分词前加上它的逻辑主语。现在分词的完成式主要用于作状语，一般不用作定语。作表语现在分词作表语多表示主语具有的特征，过去分词作表语多指主语所处的状态。如：The film is touching.The glass is broken
13、.作宾语补足语分词和不定式一样，在一些感官动词或使役动词后作宾语补足语。如：I smell something burning.I heard him singing the song.I heard my name called.作插入语其结构是固定的，意思上的主语并不是句子的主语。generally speaking 一般说来 talking of (speaking of) 说到strictly speaking 严格地说 judging from 从判断all things considered 从整体来看 taking all things into consideration 全面
14、看来。如：Judging from his face, he must be ill.从他的脸色看，他一定是病了。Generally speaking, dogs can run faster than pigs.总的来说，狗比猪跑得快。10It didnt take a long time for the connection between the missing money and our partners new car _.Ato makeBto be madeCmakingDbeing made【答案】B【解析】本题考查非谓语动词的用法。句意为“丢钱和我们伙伴的新汽车的关系很长时间
15、才被发现”。题干用了一个句型“Ittakes/took时间段forsb不定式”，表示“某人干某事花费了多长时间”，the connection和make之间是被动关系，因此，用不定式的被动形式。故选B。【名师点睛】汉语思维习惯和表达习惯是中国学生做英语试题的头号障碍，要克服这种障碍，必须理解动作和动作对象之间的语态关系。本题考查的是短语make connection, make是谓语，connection作make的宾语，此题的难度是把make变成了被动语态的不定式。11Many white collars went back to second and third-tier cities o
16、nly _that housing prices there are also jumping, traffic jams increasing and the air becoming dirty.Ato have found Bfound Cto find Dfinding【答案】C【解析】C考查动词不定式。句意：许多白领回到二、三线城市，却发现那里的房价也在上涨，交通堵塞加剧，空气变得很脏。动词不定式表示现在的结果，用动词不定式的一般式形式，故选C。12On the third floor there are two rooms, _ used as a meeting-room.Ath
17、e larger of whichBone of themCand a larger of themDthe largest one of which【答案】B【解析】考查过去分词的独立主格结构。句意：三楼有两个房间，其中一个被用作会议室。如果选A项，是非限制性定语从句，从句应该用一般过去时态的被动语态，此处used是过去分词，所以A错；如果选C项，中间加and表明是并列句，the+比较级，才表示“两个当中更大的”，故C项错；因为是两个房间，不可能出现最高级，故D项错；只有选B项是过去分词的独立主格结构，符合题意。【名师点睛】非谓语动词的独立主格结构一、独立主格结构的概念独立主格结构（Abso
18、lute Structure）是由名词或代词加上分词等构成的一种独立结构，用于修饰整个句子。独立主格结构中的名词或代词与其后的分词等构成逻辑上的主谓关系。这种结构与主句不发生句法上的联系，它的位置相当灵活，可置于主句前、主句末或主句中，常由逗号将其与主句分开。需特别注意的是，独立主格结构与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。二、独立主格结构基本构成形式名词(代词)+现在分词（过去分词；形容词；副词；不定式；名词；介词短语）1. 名词(代词)+现在分词There being no bus, we had to walk home.由于没有公共汽车，我们只好走回家。2. 名词(代词)+过去分词The wo
19、rkers worked still harder, their living conditions greatly improved.由于工人们的生活条件大大提高，他们工作得更起劲了。3. 名词(代词)+不定式在“名词/代词+动词不定式”结构中，动词不定式和它前面的名词或代词如果存在着逻辑上的主谓关系，动词不定式则用主动的形式；如果是动宾关系，则用被动形式。The four of us agreed on a division of labor, each to translate a quarter of the book.我们四人同意分工干，每人翻译全书的四分之一。13The rainf
20、orest is an amazing place, _ with plants and animals that arent found anywhere else in the world.Afilling BfilledCbeing filled Dto fill【答案】B【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：热带雨林是一个令人惊讶的地方，充满了世界其他地方不能找到的动植物。固定词组：be filled with被充满，此处place和fill之间是一种被动关系，所以用过去分词做伴随状态，故选B。14Once be falls asleep, I have great difficulty _
21、him up.Awake BwakenCto wake Dwaking【答案】D【解析】一旦他睡着了，我叫醒他就有很大的困难。have difficulty (in) doing sth. 做某事有困难，选D。15We cant go out in this weather, said Bob, _ out of the window.AlookingBto lookClookedDhaving looked【答案】A【解析】【分析】【详解】考查现在分词做状语。句意：Bob看着窗外说：“这样的天气我们不能出去”。本句中look与said是同时进行，we与look之间构成主动关系，故用现在分词作
22、伴随状语。故选A。16I am so thrilled to have my underwater photos _ in the National Geographic and on the cover!Ato be featuredBfeaturedCbeing featuredDto feature【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我很兴奋我的水下照片出现在国家地理杂志里和封面上。have sth done使某事被做，这是个固定用法。故选B。17_ her before, he didnt know she was his daughter.ANot having seen
23、BHaving not seenCNot seeingDNot to see【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：由于以前没有见过她，他不知道她就是他的女儿。he与see之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，表示主动，而且see这个动作发生在didnt know之前，应该用现在分词的完成式作原因状语，否定词放在最前面，故A项正确。【点睛】本题非谓语表示的动作与谓语之间有明显的先后关系，see这个动作发生在didnt know之前，应该用现在分词的完成式作原因状语，Not having seen=Because he hadnt seen her before。18“If, Johnson adde
24、d, enough time, we would certainly have done the job much better.Ato give Bgiven CI was given Dto be given【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：Johnson又说道：“如果给我们足够的时间，我们本可以把工作做得更好。” we与give之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，表示被动，用过去分词作状语，故B项正确。19In response to the citizens concern, the government claimed _ measures to attend to the inc
25、reasingly serious smog in the past two months.Ataking Bto takeChaving taken Dto have taken【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查固定结构。句意：为了回应市民的担忧，政府声称在过去的两个月里已经采取措施来应对日益严重的雾霾。claim to do声称，该用法是固定用法，“过去的动作或状态持续到现在并且已经完成”用现在完成时，故选D。20_ nearly all our money, we couldnt afford to stay at a hotel.AHaving spentBTo spendCSpentDT
26、o have spent【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：已经花完了几乎所有的钱，我们无法支付住宾馆的费用。动词不定式表将来和目的，根据句意可知，“花钱”的动作发生在过去，排除B、D；过去分词表完成和被动，we与spend是主谓关系，应该用现在分词，排除C；当两个动作有先后关系时，用现在分词的完成式，现在分词的完成式在本句相当于because we have spent nearly all our money，表原因。故选A。21A hearty laugh relieves physical tension, _your muscles relaxed for over ha
27、lf an hour.Ato leaveBleftCleavingDleave【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：开怀大笑可以缓解身体紧张，至少可以使你的肌肉放松半小时。分析句子可知，空格处做伴随状语。且与逻辑主语laugh构成主动关系，所以用现在分词。故选C。22I watched Mikes adolescence, _ he ran into trouble, _things at the wrong time and misunderstood by many people.Awhen; sayingBwhich; saidCwhen; saidDwhich; saying
28、【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查定语从句和现在分词。句意：我目睹了迈克的青春期，那段期间他遇到了麻烦，说错话，被很多人误解。分析句子可知，adolescence为先行词在后面的非限制性定语从句中作时间状语从句，所以第一个空应选关系副词为when。再分析句子可知，he 与say在逻辑上是主动关系，所以第二个空选现在分词saying。故选A项。23There is a great deal of evidence _ that music activities engage different parts of the brain.AindicateBindicatingCto indicateDt
29、o be indicating【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：有大量证据表明，音乐活动时会调用大脑的不同部位。本题为there be 句型主语为evidence，indicate作定语，修饰evidence，而evidence与indicate 之间构成主动关系，用现在分词indicating做定语修饰evidence，故选B。24The next thing he saw was smoke _ from behind the house.AroseBrisingCto riseDrisen【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词作定语。句意：他看到的下一件事是从房子后面冒出
30、烟来。作定语时，过去分词表示发生过的被动的动作，和所修饰词是动宾关系。现在分词表示正在发生的伴随性的动作，和所修饰词是主谓关系。不定式表示具体的将要发生的动作。根据题意，他看的的第二件事物是从房后升起的烟。rise的逻辑主语为smoke，是主动关系，用现在分词，故选B。25The park was full of people, _ themselves in the sunshine.Ahaving enjoyedBenjoyedCenjoyingDto enjoy【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：公园里挤满了人，在阳光下尽情享受。enjoy和前面没有连接词，和句子主语之间是主
31、动关系，所以用现在分词做伴随状语。故选C。26The living room is clean and tidy, with a dining table already _ for a meal to be cooked.AlaidBlayingCto layDbeing laid【答案】A【解析】with + 宾语 + 动词-ing 形式（即现在分词）表示动词 -ing 形式表示动作正在发生；with + 宾语 + 动词不定式表示一个动作过程或即将发生的动作；with + 宾语 + 过去分词表达被动含义。句意：客厅干净而整洁，餐桌已经为要做的饭准备好了。选A。考点：考查非谓语动词。27Wh
32、en caught _ in the exam, he begged for the teachers pardon and tried _ punishment.Acheating; escaping Bto be cheating; to escapeCcheating; to escape Dto be cheating; escaping【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在考试作弊被抓着的时候，他乞求老师原谅并试图逃脱惩罚。根据句意可知，抓住的时候正在作弊，现在分词表进行，因此，第一空用cheating形式，try to do sth试图做某事，这是个固定用法。故选C。2
33、8Some of them, _ in rural villages, had never seen a train.Ato be born and brought upBborn and brought upChaving born and brought upDhaving been born and brought up【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他们中的一些人，在农村长大，从来没见过火车。分析句子可知，in rural villages部分为定语，修饰Some of them，与其为动宾关系，故用过去分词形式，同时也是表示一种状态，故选B。【点睛】过去分词作定语，过
34、去分词作定语可以位于名词之前或名词之后。位于名词之前的过去分词定语一般只有单个词。The new product finally passed the required test. 新产品终于通过了要求的测试。Those repeated efforts were still inadequate. 这些重复的努力仍然不足。过去分词之前还可以有副词修饰，如：The prime minister issued a cautiously worded statement this afternoon. 今天下午首相发表了一份措辞谨慎的声明。如果是过去分词短语或结构，则放在名词后作后置定语。The
35、idea presented by Peter is much simpler. 彼得提出的想法要简单得多。It is a house built by the Romans. 它是一栋古罗马人建的房屋。本题为过去分词作定语，修饰主语。29You are supposed to leave your child _ his homework alone.AdoBto doCbeing doneDdone【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查动词用法。句意：你应该让你的孩子自己做作业。该题考查leave的用法。表示“让某人去做某事”，应该用leave的复合结构leave sb. to do sth.，没有leave sb. do结构；leave sb./sth. done意为“使得某人/物被”。B选项正确。30John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work _， he gladly accepted it.AfinishedBfinishingChaving finishedDwas finished【答案】A【解析】试题分析：句意John接到一张宴会的邀请，他的工作已经完成，他高兴地接受了。这里含有with复合结构，动作finish与his work之间是被动关系，故用过去分词，选A。考点：考查with复合结构,X,K
