1、4Unit 7 Energy and food crisesFOREIGN LANGUAGE TEACHING AND RESEARCH PRESS HEBEI UNIVERSITY Section B A worldwide food crisis?Lead-inInspiring your thoughtsEnhancing your skillsFulfilling your taskInspiring your thoughtsEnhancing your skillsFulfilling your task Lead-inLead-inTaskTaskWhat are the fac
2、tors do you think that cause food shortage?Lead-inTalking about food shortage Weather disaster such as drought,flood,global warming;Production costs;The development of biomass energy;High demand of consumers;People waste food esp.when they treat others.Lead-inReading comprehensionEnhancing your skil
3、lsFulfilling your taskLead-in Inspiring your thoughtsReading skillThe skill of identifying the authors purpose was previously discussed in B2U8.As we know,every author writes for a purpose.There are three common purposes for writing:Get to know different purposes of writing.Step 1Inspiring your thou
4、ghtsReading skillTaskIdentifying the authors purpose1.To inform to provide the reader with information about a topic;2.To persuade to convince the reader to believe a certain viewpoint or to take a certain course of action;3.To entertain to amuse the reader in some way.1.Informative writingDiscuss i
5、n groups and think of clues or characteristics of each kind of purpose.Step 2Informative writing features facts and evidence,not opinions or value judgments.It often contains dates,statistics or other figures,or quotes from experts or witnesses.Depending on the subject,the language may or may not in
6、clude technical terms.Inspiring your thoughtsReading skill2.Persuasive writingPersuasive writing features evidence and/or emotional appeals:Opinions and arguments(based on various types of evidence like stories,examples,or statistics);Rhetorical questions(a question without the expectation of an ans
7、wer);Evaluating language(good/bad,right/wrong,horrifying/wonderful,etc.)and judgmental language(must,should,had better,etc.);Opposing views or counter-arguments(usu.introduced by words like however,but,unfortunately,etc.).Inspiring your thoughtsReading skill3.Entertaining writingTexts written mainly
8、 to entertain can be varied.They often use informal language,simple sentence structures,dialogues,or figurative speeches.Inspiring your thoughtsReading skillRead Text B and answer the following questions.Step 3Inspiring your thoughtsReading skill1.What does the title tell us about the content of the
9、 text?2.Are there any rhetorical questions in the text?What are they?3.How would you describe the language of this article?Is it formal,informal,evaluating,judgmental or emotional?4.Is there any quote in the text?Where is it taken from?What is its purpose?5.Are there any counter-argument in the text
10、?1.What does the title tell us about the content of the text?The title is a question.By using a question as the title,the author tries to attract the readers attention and get them to think.From the title,we can see that the article is about the possibility of a worldwide food crisis.Inspiring your
11、thoughtsReading skillto be continued2.Are there any rhetorical questions in the text?What are they?There are two rhetorical questions in the text:Is their fear grounded?(Para.2)Will current prices stay high and volatile?(Para.6)Inspiring your thoughtsReading skillto be continued3.How would you descr
12、ibe the language of this article?Is it formal,informal,evaluating,judgmental or emotional?The language of the text can be described as formal,evaluating,and judgmental,as can be shown by the texts long and complex sentence structures,affirmative tone of writing,descriptive adjectives,and judgmental
13、words like need,must,etc.Inspiring your thoughtsReading skillto be continued4.Is there any quote in the text?Where is it taken from?What is its purpose?Yes,there is a quote in Paragraph 8.It is taken from a pamphlet by activist Peter Singer:“the problem isnt that we are producing too little food;rat
14、her were not eating the food we grow.The problem is that we the relatively affluent have created a system of piracy where we consume four or five times as much food as would be possible if we were to actually eat the crops we grow directly.”The quote is cited to illustrate that large quantities of p
15、otential food are now used for producing bio-fuels and large-scale meat production.Inspiring your thoughtsReading skillto be continued5.Are there any counter-argument in the text?Yes.There are two counter-arguments:1)Is their fear grounded?Consultancy firms measuring the status of commodities like w
16、heat dont think so.(Para.2)2)However,this rosy picture provides only temporary security.The bigger picture discloses a reality not so optimistic.(Para.3)Inspiring your thoughtsReading skillAccording to the answers to all the above questions,we can thus conclude that Text B is persuasive.Reading skil
17、lReading comprehensionEnhancing your skillsPresenting your projectProject of the unit Inspiring your thoughtsRead through the text and fill out the table in groups of four.Main IdeaFunctionPart I(Paras.1-3)The author believes there is food crisis.Lead-inPart II(Paras.4-8)Part III(Paras.9-11)Part IV(
18、Para.12)The causes of food crisis.The solutions of food crisis.Summary of the article.CauseSolutionConclusionReading comprehensionInspiring your thoughtsTask Understanding the structure of the textStep 11.What factors contribute to food crisis?Decrease of food supply,world population growth,and prod
19、uction of bio-fuels.Step 2Read Paras.1-3 and answer the following question.Reading comprehensionInspiring your thoughts1.Why food is different from other trade commodities?Food is different because it can cause people to overreact when the market is unstable.2.Why the growth of grain yields has been
20、 slow in the last decades according to the text?It has been slow because global funding for advances in agricultural technology has been insufficient.Step 3Read Paras.4-7 and answer the following questions.Reading comprehensionInspiring your thoughts1.What does“a system of piracy”(Para.8)refers indi
21、rectly to?It refers to a series of improper ways rich people consume food,such as hoarding food.2.What causes the huge gap between population growth and food demand increase?Because of the growing need for basic foods,the increasing need for bio-fuels and the gradual change of peoples diet.Step 4Rea
22、d Paras.8-11 and answer the following questions.Reading comprehensionInspiring your thoughts1.What is the key point to meet the tremendous need for food in the future?It is crucial to build the food production capacity of developing countries.2.What is the tone of the author toward the food price is
23、sue?The author is quite concerned about food price.Step 5Read Para.12 and answer the following questions.Reading comprehensionInspiring your thoughtsTranslation skillFulfilling your taskLead-in Inspiring your thoughts Enhancing your skills Language highlightingLanguage learningLanguage focusturnouth
24、oardwholesalevolatilepiracyaffluentinfrastructuresubsidyappropriationbe starved ofrun out ofspikeFind words and expressions from the text to talk about the influence of food crisis.Step 1Enhancing your skillsLanguage focusLanguage learning Task 1Learning new words and expressions about food crisisSt
25、ep 2Match the words with their meanings.spikediscloseintriguevolatilehoardrun out of.level offuse all of sth.and not have any leftlikely to change suddenly and without warning stop rising or falling and become steady any sudden increasegive secret information to peoplemake sb.very interested in know
26、ing more about sth.,esp.sth.that seems mysteriousget and keep a large amount of sth.because it might be valuable or useful laterEnhancing your skillsLanguage focusLanguage highlighting Task 2Detailed learning of key vocabulary1.level off(Para.2)1.stop rising or falling and become steady 变得平稳；保持稳定Tra
27、nslation:这份报告说，肉价短期内也许偏高，但几周内会稳定到合理的价位水平。The report says,for a short while,meat prices may be somewhat higher,but within a few weeks they will level off to a very reasonable level.1.level off(Para.2)2.stop going up or down and continue at the same height 趋于平坦；作水平移动Translation:乘务员在等飞机进入水平飞行，以便他们能够提供饮
28、料服务。The flight attendants are waiting for the plane to level off so that they can serve the drinks.Enhancing your skillsLanguage focusLanguage highlighting 1)这些数据证明该国首都的凶杀案发率正趋于稳定。These figures show that murders in the nations capital are beginning to level off.Translate the following sentences by u
29、sing the phrase level off.2)飞机在大约三万英尺的高度水平飞行。The aircraft leveled off at about 30,000 feet.Enhancing your skillsLanguage focusLanguage highlighting Enhancing your skillsLanguage focusLanguage highlighting 2.disclose(Para.3)vt.give information to people,esp.information that was secret 透露，泄露（尤指秘密）Tran
30、slation:警方调查人员不能泄露目击者的名字。Police investigators cannot disclose the names of witnesses.3.foretell(Para.4)vt.say what will happen in the future;predict 预言；预示Translation:他夸口说他能根据鸟的活动预测未来。He boasted he could foretell the future by the movements of the birds.Enhancing your skillsLanguage focusLanguage hig
31、hlighting foretell foresight forecastDistinguish the following three words and fill in the blanks.foretell vt.预言；预示foresight n.先见；远见；预见forecast v.预报；预测Enhancing your skillsLanguage focusLanguage highlighting 1)他们有投资新技术的先见之明。They had the _ to invest in new technology.2)他们还了解到，阿丘阿尔人的另一个主要看法就是，梦境有时候可以预
32、示未来。Another of the Achuars major convictions,they learned,is that dreams can sometimes _ the future.3)天气预报有的时候准，有的时候不准。Sometimes the weather _ is accurate,sometimes not.foresightforetellforecastEnhancing your skillsLanguage focusLanguage highlighting 4.intrigue(Para.4)vt.make sb.very interested in k
33、nowing more about sth,esp.sth.that seems mysterious 激起的兴趣；引起的好奇心Translation:这些关于宇宙起源的问题让我好奇已经有十几年了。Those questions about the origin of the universe have intrigued me for more than a decade.Enhancing your skillsLanguage focusLanguage highlighting 5.hoard(Para.5)vt.get and keep a large amount of sth.b
34、ecause it might be valuable or useful later 贮藏；囤积Translation:由于经济前景不确定，他决定储存金银而不是现金。Due to uncertain economic prospects,he decided to hoard gold and silver instead of cash.Enhancing your skillsLanguage focusLanguage highlighting 6.excerpt(Para.8)n.C a short piece of writing or music that is taken fr
35、om a longer piece 摘录；节选Translation:我想读一段纽约时报周一社论的摘录。I want to read an excerpt from Mondays editorial of The New York Times.Enhancing your skillsLanguage focusLanguage highlighting 7.dodge(Para.9)vt.avoid doing sth.in a clever or dishonest way（聪明或狡猾地）躲避，逃避Translation:许多政治家都学会了如何回避记者的刁钻问题。Many politic
36、ians have learned how to dodge tough questions from reporters.Enhancing your skillsLanguage focusLanguage highlighting 7.dodge(Para.9)v.avoid sb.or sth.by moving quickly,esp.so that sth.does not hit you or sb.does not see you 闪开；躲开Translation:他及时移开头，躲开了朝他飞来的一块小石头。He moved his head away in time to do
37、dge a small stone heading for him.Enhancing your skillsLanguage focusLanguage highlighting dodge lodge wedge Distinguish the three words which have similar forms but different meaning and fill in the blanks.dodge:vt./vi.躲避；避开 n.躲闪；托词lodge:n.旅馆；门房；集会处；山林小屋 vt.提出；寄存；借住；嵌入 vi.寄宿；临时住宿wedge:vt.楔入；挤进；楔住 v
38、i.楔入；挤进 n.楔子；楔形物；导致分裂的东西Enhancing your skillsLanguage focusLanguage highlighting 1)有些人会直面问题，而有些人则会完全地闪避问题。Some will tackle questions head on,while others will _ them entirely.2)这是一个关于她还是个年轻老师时所借住的那个农家的故事。This is a story of the farming family she _ with as a young teacher.3)我关上小屋的门，然后用一根圆木将它抵牢。I shut
39、 the shed door and _ it with a log of wood.dodgelodgedwedgedEnhancing your skillsLanguage focusLanguage highlighting 1.No country,for example,wants to run out of food or watch sky-high prices push people into poverty and malnourishment.(Para.5)be starved of sth.:be prevented from having enough of wh
40、at you need 缺乏Translation:比如，没有哪个国家希望出现粮食短缺，眼睁睁看着粮价飞涨而使人们陷入贫穷和营养不良的困境。Enhancing your skillsLanguage focusLanguage highlighting Task 4Sentence analysiskeep/hold sth.at bay:prevent sth.serious,dangerous,or unpleasant from happening or from coming too close 使（严重、危险或令人不快的）某事物无法接近；防止某结果产生Translation:全球用于
41、乡村基础设施建设或农业技术研究以保持粮食产量持续增长的资金非常少。Enhancing your skillsLanguage focusLanguage highlighting 2.Global funding for rural infrastructure or technological research to keep yields growing has been very small,well below what is needed to keep crises at bay.(Para.7)take an oracle to foretell 的意思是“不需要神谕预言”，也就
42、是说这个道理不言自明，充分说明解决粮食危机迫在眉睫。这种说法生动鲜活，丰富了语言表达。Enhancing your skillsLanguage focusLanguage highlighting Task 5Language appreciationIt doesnt take an oracle to foretell that the fight to feed the world will be a huge challenge facing the global economy over the next 20 years.(Para.4)Language highlighting
43、 Language learning Language focusFulfilling your taskLead-inInspiring your thoughtsTranslation skill Enhancing your skills1.The international meeting about food supply is scheduled for April 6th.2.Heat and light can be given off by this chemical change.3.Measures have been taken to prevent the epide
44、mic from spreading quickly.Discuss in groups of four and translate the following sentences into proper Chinese,paying attention to the words in red.Step 1Enhancing your skillsTranslation skillTask 1Practicing the translation skill passive voice1.The international meeting about food supply is schedul
45、ed for April 6th.有关粮食供给的国际会议定于四月六日举行举行。2.Heat and light can be given off by this chemical change.这种化学反应能放出放出热和光。3.Measures have been taken to prevent the greenhouse gases from diffusing quickly.已经采取了措施采取了措施来防止温室气体扩散。Enhancing your skillsTranslation skillThe translation of passive voice in English 被动
46、语态的翻译（名词转译为动词）被动语态的翻译（名词转译为动词）Enhancing your skillsTranslation skill1)保留原文主语当英语被动句中的主语为无生命的名词，而且句中不出现由 by 引导的行为主体时，翻译时往往将原句中的主语仍然译成主语。Wind energy can be produced everywhere if there is wind.风能可以产生于任何有风的地方。1.译成汉语主动句译成汉语主动句2)主宾颠倒英语中很多被动句在表示行为主体的词前都加上 by，翻译时可将这类 by 结构中的宾语译成主语，将原来的主语译成宾语。Raw materials w
47、ere processed into new products by the factory.工厂将原材料加工成新产品。有时英语被动句中并未出现 by 结构，而只是代之以一个由介词短语构成的状语。这时仍可采用主宾颠倒的译法，将介词短语中的名词或名词词组译成句子的主语。Solar energy have already been used in China.中国已经能使用太阳能了。Enhancing your skillsTranslation skill有些英语被动句并未在句中出现表示行为主体的词或词组，在翻译这类句子时，可适当增添主语，如“人们”、“有人”、“大家”、“我们”等。Enhanc
48、ing your skillsTranslation skill3)增加主语The energy issue has not yet been thoroughly explored.人们对能源问题迄今尚未进行过彻底的探索。英语中有些被动句不需要或无法说出行为的主体，因此，翻译时往往译成汉语的无主句。这时，原句中的主语一般译成宾语。Food demand can be shown as increasing at a high speed.可以证明，粮食需求在高速增长。Enhancing your skillsTranslation skill2.译成汉语无主句译成汉语无主句Work in g
49、roups of four,and translate the following sentences into Chinese with the skills weve just learned.Step 21.When leaves or trees are buried,a chemical change has taken place.2.Only a small portion of solar energy is now being used by us.3.The world is faced with severe challenge of food crisis and fo
50、od security problems.Enhancing your skillsTranslation skill树叶或树埋上时，化学反应就会发生。我们现在只使用了一小部分太阳能。世界正面临粮食危机和食品安全问题的严峻挑战。Is it important to conserve food?Why do you think so?Besides the ideas shown in Text B,what else do you think can we do to help conserve food?Write a cause-and-effect essay about it.Fulf
