1、Made by Pizza.C.1站长站素材站长站素材 OMArkey WorksUnit 3 Development by SpaceMade by Pizza.C.2Unit Objectives Become familiar with feature and organizational pattern of ideas based on space or spatial relationships in paragraph writing;Know how to develop description according to space arrangement;Be able to
2、 construct a paragraph by arranging details with linking words of location and directionMade by Pizza.C.3Development by Space Before we begin to describe a place,whether it is a large country or a small room,we have to decide on the order in which to name the different parts or details.For this case
3、,we should find out the space relationships between them and arrange our description accordingly.Made by Pizza.C.4Group WorkWhats your overall impression of the university?Which building or location catches your attention first?Which place do you want to describe next?And then?What do you want to de
4、scribe last?What order does your description follow?Why do you choose this order?Made by Pizza.C.5 Important landmark,and describe other locations in relation to it.Stress an boundaries of an area Along the road According to north south or west-east 5.Outside to inside inside to outsideTipsMade by P
5、izza.C.6Tiananmen SquareGolden Water BridgeMonument MuseumMemorial HallGreat HallMade by Pizza.C.7gatepathlawnsflower bedwoodpavilionstone benchespondlawnsMade by Pizza.C.8 We are going to build a small garden on campus.The straight northward path inside the gate leads to a conventional pavilion whi
6、ch in front of some delicate stone benches.Verdant lawns are at the both sides of the path.There is a small pond inlays the lawn at southeast part.If you choose the other path goes across the garden from west to east,then you can enjoy luxuriantly green wood besides the pavilion at northwestern part
7、 and appreciate a beautiful flower bed at northeast.Made by Pizza.C.9Additional Work Bath(bathtub)Plug Shower Towel-rail Bath-mat Shower curtain Wash-basin8.Face-flannel towel9.Nail-brush10.Razor11.Toilet(lavatory)12.Cistern13.Flushing handle14.toilet-paperMade by Pizza.C.10Development by Space the
8、Caspian Sea 里海里海位于亚洲与欧洲交界，是世上最大及蓄水量最多之湖泊，面积37万1千平方公里(143,000平方英里)，体积78,200立方公里，最深处1,025米，平均深度209米，湖面海拔负28米，最深处湖床海拔负1,054米，也是内流湖、咸水湖、海迹湖。2.Asia Minor Anatolia 小亚细亚土耳其的亚洲部分被称为安纳托利亚，也称小亚细亚。安纳托利亚位于平均海拔高度米的高原上，山脉环绕四周，夏季的高原到处都是种植的谷物。这里白昼炎热，夜晚寒冷，即使在夏天也须穿御寒服。3.Phoenicians 腓尼基人腓尼基人是历史上一个古老的民族，自称为闪美特人，又称闪族人。生
9、活在今天地中海东岸相当于今天的黎巴嫩和叙利亚沿海一带，他们曾经建立过一个高度文明的古代国家。公元前10世纪至公元前8世纪是腓尼基城邦的繁荣时期 Made by Pizza.C.11Summary Sample 2 It is a description of“my grandfathers barn”Deplorable specific words and arranges these descriptive details in a natural order of their physical layout:exterior to the interior of the barn.out
10、side from top to the bottom inside from left to the right and to the overhead The reader can visualize the scene very vividly and grasp the relationships of the objects.Made by Pizza.C.12Made by Pizza.C.13suitMade by Pizza.C.14Keys for Sample 3 P26 An athletes room Closet/dresser/according to the sp
11、atial order/the writer presents an orderly description just as his eye might move from right to the left around the room.Closet to my rightCap on the shelfBed the far wall Lamp-on the top of a nightstand to the left of the bedSchedule on the wall above the nightstandDesk the left wallMedals on the s
12、helvesWindow next to the deskDresser between the window and the left cornerMade by Pizza.C.15Summary Sample 3 1.Display an artistic grouping of details in space 2.Things are related to each other by the order in which they are placed in space 3.With the use of specific space signals,we are led by th
13、e writer to experience the room vividly from right to left,from larger to smaller ones as if we were actually“seeing”it.Made by Pizza.C.16Linking Devices P28Spatial signals are often used to help organize details in descriptive paragraph.E.G.inside,in the right-hand side,outside,in the opposite end,
14、down the center,at the end of,the left-handThe writer organizes the paragraph in a particular order.Readers will not get lost while the description proceeds.Question 1 Made by Pizza.C.17DepressingPuppies behind glassUnpleasant smellChained birdsRows of cagesDirty tub containing turtlesStuff atmosphe
15、reKittens in the windowSounds of caged animalsDroppings and urine on newspaperLogical arrangementTransitional devicesMade by Pizza.C.18 4.sight,touch,hearing and smell.Through the rich perceptions the reader will gain a fuller and more vivid picture of the scene 5.Sight:black-and-white kittens piled
16、 together;a line of large wooden perches;parrots flutter their clipped wings;stagnant-looking water;motionless turtles Sound:clawing;shuffling sound Smell:unpleasant mixture of strong chemical deodorizers;urine-soaked newspapers;musty sawdust Touch:lick the human handsMade by Pizza.C.19Words&Phrases
17、where,in which,under,below,beneath,down,over,above,along,through,north(en),to the left,next to,on the opposite side,to the left(right),in back,nearby,beyond,in the foreground,in the backgroundMade by Pizza.C.20Summary Sample 2 It is a description of“my grandfathers barn”Deplorable specific words and
18、 arranges these descriptive details in a natural order of their physical layout:exterior to the interior of the barn.outside from top to the bottom inside from left to the right and to the overhead The reader can visualize the scene very vividly and grasp the relationships of the objects.Made by Piz
19、za.C.21Review the Unit Vertical order Horizontal order Depth order Circular order Center-to-circumference orderMade by Pizza.C.22Keys for Exercises P30 3 3 6 1 4 7 5 2 Relationship:Primarily,the organization of the paragraph represents movement in geographical space P31-4 1).In,Above,In front of,und
20、er,through,Behind 2).The central focus is“a shocking experience”.To support the main idea,the writer uses a lot of descriptions and organizes these details according to the space relationship,and thus coherence is achieved.Made by Pizza.C.23 P31 5 into,crosses,In the center of,Outside,inside,On,over
21、,down,lined with,After the rear P32 6 Background information of Mount Vernon:美国弗吉尼亚州北部，首都华盛顿南21公里处的古迹名胜,是乔治华盛顿总统的家乡和坟墓所在地。This paragraph is developed in a circular order,i.e.from east to north and south,and then back to north.Students are encouraged to describe the house using other ways of arrangement.Made by Pizza.C.24THE ENDTHANKS
