1、（英语） 英语阅读理解(科普环保)专题练习(及答案)及解析一、高中英语阅读理解科普环保类1犇犇阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 The clock always seems to be ticking rather too fast in the doctors office and the queue of patients outside the door seems to be pressing rather too hard. Some say its high time for the model of short, sharp one-to-one
2、 appointments to give way to shared medical appointments (SMAs共享医疗预约). SMAs are doctor-patient visits in which a group of patients receive patient education and counseling (咨询), physical examination and medical support in a group setting. Typically SMAs are designed to have one or more doctors atten
3、d to a group of patients who share a common illness or medical condition. In contrast to one-to-one visits, SMAS provide a longer appointment time-frame as well as the opportunity for patients to have improved access to their physicians and meanwhile pick up additional information and support from p
4、eers. However, doctors who have pioneered the shared appointment approach report that there are significant challenges involved. Dr. Sumego, director of shared medical appointments, Cleveland Clinic, identifies culture change as the most significant challenge. Physicians and nurses are trained in a
5、model of personal service and privacy; the SMA approach is a fundamental challenge to those fixed ideas. They need shared goals and a way of testing the innovation against agreed standards. Dr. Sumego says, The physicians may be worried about the possible chaos and efficiencies that are marketed. Th
6、ey also have to make the patients understand what their appointment is, and what the expectation is. So, if an organization was looking to start shared medical appointments, I would advise them to start the buy-in from a few champion physicians, develop the work-flow and develop some experience. Pro
7、vide some support behind what that best practice should look like. Create some standards so that, as the concept spreads, you can employ that experience to start the next shared medical appointments and the next.（1）What is the purpose of the SMA approach? A.To improve medical service.B.To promote do
8、ctors reputation.C.To conduct medical research.D.To meet patients expectation.（2）According to Dr. Sumego, what prevents the SMA approach from being widely adopted? A.Personal service.B.Fixed ideas.C.Lack of equipment.D.Shared goals.（3）What can the underlined buy-in in Paragraph 4 be replaced by? A.p
9、racticeB.organizationC.purchaseD.support（4）What can be learned about the SMA approach in the last paragraph? A.It is currently being questioned.B.It is impractical in some areas.C.It will enjoy wide popularity soon.D.It should be carried out step by step.【答案】 （1）A（2）B（3）A（4）D 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了SMA
10、s (共享医疗预约) 模式，以及这种模式面临的挑战。 （1）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“In contrast to one-to-one visits, SMA provide a longer appointment time-frame as well as the opportunity for patients to have improved access to their physicians and meanwhile pick up additional information and support from peers.”可知SMAs模式为患者提供了更长的预约时间，也为
11、患者提供了更好地与医生接触的机会，同时还能从同行那里获得额外的信息和支持。这说明SAMs的出现是为患者提供更好的医疗服务。故选A。 （2）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“Dr. Sumego, director of shared medical appointments, Cleveland Clinic, personal service and privacy; the SMA approach is a fundamental challenge to those fixed ideas.”可知Dr. Sumego认为，文化转变是最大的挑战。医生和护士接受的是针对个人服务和隐私的培训;
12、SMAs方法是对这些固定想法的根本挑战。也就是说，改变这些已经固定的想法是一种挑战，所以这些固定的想法会阻碍SMAs模式的推广，故选B。 （3）考查词义猜测。根据最后一段中的“if an organization was looking to start shared medical appointments，I would advise them to start the buy-in from a few champion physicians”可知如果一个组织要寻求共享医疗模式的话，Dr. Sumego建议他们从一些优秀的医师开始他们的buy-in，根据语境，故选A。 （4）考查推理判断
13、。根据最后一段中的“So, if an organization was looking to start shared medical appointments, I would advise them to start the buy-in from a few champion physicians, develop the appointments and the next.”可知如果一个组织要开始SMAs，Dr. Sumego建议他们从一些优秀的医师开始，开发一些流程，积累一些经验。制定一些标准，以便随着概念的推广，他们可以利用这种经验开始下一次共享医疗预约然后将下次的经验用到下下次
14、。这说明SMAs的实施需要一步一步来，不会一步到位。故选D。 【点评】本题考点涉及词义猜测和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，要求考生根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。2犇犇阅读理解 News anchors(主播) must have been reluctant to read out the following news: Xin Xiaomeng began working as the worlds first female artificial(人工的) intelligence news anchor at Xinhua News Agency on
15、 Sunday, three months after a male robot joined the profession. Unlike previous news robots though, Xin does not read news like a cold machine; she reads it almost like a human being. The muscles on her face stretch and relax-and her reactions change-as she continues reading. Thats why many news anc
16、hors were worried: Will AI replace us in the near future? To find the answer, we have to analyse the technologies that support Xin at her job. Three key technologies are used to support Xin. First, samples of human voices are collected and synthesized (合成). This is followed by the collection and syn
17、thesis of human muscle movement samples. And third the voices and movements are married in a way that when the Al news anchor reads, the micro -electric motors behind her face move to make her expressions seem more human. Yet we need a thorough knowledge of deep leaning technology to make a robot im
18、itate a persons voice. The developer needs to collect tens of thousands of pieces of pronunciations, input them into the machine and match them with the text or the Al to lean and read. The process for imitating facial movements is similar. The developer has to analyse the movements of the 53 muscle
19、s in the human face, make a model set from the collected data for the AI news anchor to lean, and imitate the movements of facial muscles via programs Both the technologies used to make Xins performance impressive are mature. The real difficulty lies in the third -the technology to match the pronunc
20、iations with facial movements so that Xin expressions vary according to the content of the news report. In fact, Xins expressions dont always change according to the content. As a result, her expressions look anything but human. Actually. AI is still no match for human qualities.（1）What does the und
21、erlined word reluctant in the first paragraph mean? A.Delighted.B.Unwilling.C.Confused.D.Optimistic.（2）What can we infer about previous news robots? A.They read news without expressions.B.They looked like a human beingC.They could interview sports starsD.They could interact with audience.（3）What do
22、we know about the third technology? A.This technology is very perfect so farB.This technology is quite popular nowC.This technology remains at the theoretical stageD.This technology is far from mature.（4）From the last paragraph, we can draw a conclusion that_. A.human news anchors should learn from
23、AT anchors to save their jobsB.Al anchors perform much better than human news anchors at presentC.Al news anchors wont replace human news anchors in the near futureD.Xin Xiaomeng s expressions vary so naturally that they are true to life【答案】 （1）B（2）A（3）D（4）C 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，上周日，新华社新闻主播辛晓萌成为世界上第一位女性
24、人工智能新闻主播，作者介绍了人工智能背后的技术，并指出在不久的将来，人工智能新闻主播不会取代人类新闻主播。 （1）考查词义猜测。根据第一段中的Xin Xiaomeng began working as the worlds first female artificial(人工的) intelligence news anchor at Xinhua News Agency on Sunday及第二段中的Thats why many news anchors were worried: Will AI replace us in the near future?可知，担心将来自己的工作会被人工智
25、能取代的新闻主播一定不愿意透露下面这个消息：上周日，新华社新闻主播辛晓萌成为世界上第一位女性人工智能新闻主播，由此可知画线词词义为不愿意的，故选B。 （2）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的Unlike previous news robots though, Xin does not read news like a cold machine; she reads it almost like a human being. The muscles on her face stretch and relax-and her reactions change-as she continues read
26、ing.可知，与以前的机器人主播不同的是，辛晓萌读起来不像一台冷冰冰的机器，就像是一个活生生的人，她读新闻的时候脸上的肌肉能够伸展和放松，面部反应也发生了变化，由此可知，以前的机器人主播读新闻时面无表情，故选A。 （3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的The real difficulty lies in the third -the technology to match the pronunciations with facial movements so that Xin expressions vary according to the content of the news repor
27、t. In fact, Xins expressions don t always change according to the content. As a result, her expressions look anything but human.可知，真正的难点在于第三技术，使辛晓萌的面部表情根据新闻报道的内容而变化，事实上，辛晓萌的表情不总是随着内容而变化，她的表情一点也不像人类，由此可知，第三技术还远远不够成熟，故选D。 （4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的Actually. AI is still no match for human qualities.可知，人工智能仍无法与
28、人类素质相匹敌，由此可知，在不久的将来，人工智能新闻主播不会取代人类新闻主播，故选C。 【点评】本题考点涉及词义猜测和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。3犇犇阅读理解 In our twenties, we find it funny when we cant remember our neighbors cats name or a handsome actor who starred in a famous movie. In our thirties, we jokingly call it brain fre
29、eze. In our forties, we laugh it off as a senior moment and follow up with one of these old age jokes. But the reality is that there comes a point when being forgetful stops being funny and starts to seem a bit dreadful. You think, Am I losing it？Or worse, Is this a sign of Alzheimers disease（老年痴呆症）
30、？ Well, dont worry. The fact that you recognize your own forgetfulness may be a very good sign, at least in terms of the possibility of your developing Alzheimers disease（AD）. The researchers in a new study show that its not forgetfulness but not being aware that were forgetful that we should fear.
31、The researchers began with the assumption that one common feature of Alzheimers dis-ease is a damaged awareness of illness. And they wanted to prove their theory that the lack of awareness can be used to predict whether someone with mild cognitive（认知的）damage will progress to full-on AD. For the stud
32、y, mild cognitive damage was defined as someone whose mental state was considered healthy but who had either complained of memory loss or had suffered objective memory loss. The researchers used existing data for 1, 062 people between the ages of 55 and 90 that had been recorded over a 12-year perio
33、d. The data included brain scans, which the researchers used to look for visual signs of reduced glucose uptake（葡萄糖吸收）.It is an objective marker of the sort of reduced brain function that goes along with AD.As expected, glucose uptake was reduced in those with AD. What the researchers also discovere
34、d was that glucose uptake was reduced in those with mild cognitive damage who also showed evidence of reduced illness awareness. Finally, the researchers found that those who had reduced illness awareness were more likely to develop AD than those without.（1）What can be implied from paragraph 1？ A.Pe
35、ople can be forgetful at different ages.B.The memory of the young is better than the old.C.Old people are most afraid of getting Alzheimers disease.D.Its a rare phenomenon when young people forget something.（2）What statement does the researchers in the new study agree with? A.Being aware all the tim
36、e is a fearful thing.B.Illness awareness has nothing to do with Alzheimers disease.C.Recognizing forgetfulness doesnt mean developing Alzheimers disease.D.Realizing forgetfulness must be a sign of developing Alzheimers disease.（3）What can be a sign of developing Alzheimers disease? A.Realizing other
37、s forgetfulness.B.Reduced uptake of glucose.C.Having higher intake of glucose.D.Expected increase in brain function.（4）From which is the text probably taken? A.Science fiction.B.A chemistry book.C.A science research.D.A health brochure.【答案】 （1）A（2）C（3）B（4）C 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了如何预测你的记忆丧失是否是老年痴呆症,一项新
38、的研究表明，不是遗忘，而是没有意识到我们的健忘让人们感到害怕。 （1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“In our twenties, we find it funny when we cant remember our neighbors cats name or a handsome actor who starred in a famous movie. In our thirties, we jokingly call it brain freeze In our forties, we laugh it off as asenior moment and follow up with
39、one of these old age jokes. But the reality is that there comes a point when being forgetful stops being funny and starts to seem a bit dreadful. ”在二十多岁的时候，当我们记不起邻居的猫的名字或是主演一部著名电影的英俊演员时，我们觉得很有趣。在三十多岁的时候，我们开玩笑地称它为“大脑冻结”，在四十多岁的时候，我们把它当作“老年时期”来嘲笑，然后继续讲这些老年笑话。但现实是，有这样的时候，健忘不再有趣，而且看起来有点可怕，可推知选A。 （2）考查细节理
40、解。根据第二段中的“ The fact that you recognize your own forgetfulness may be a very good sign, at least in terms of the possibility of your developing Alzheimers disease（AD） ”承认自己的健忘也许是一个很好的迹象，至少从你患老年痴呆症,的可能性来看，可知选C。 （3）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“ It is an objective marker of the sort of reduced brain function that goe
41、s along with AD.As expected, glucose uptake was reduced in those with AD. ”这是一个患有老年痴呆症降低了脑功能的客观标志。正如所料，老年痴呆症患者的葡萄糖吸收降低，故选B。 （4）考查推理判断。纵观全文可知，是一项科学研究，介绍了如何预测你的记忆丧失是否是老年痴呆症,故选C。 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。4犇犇Choose the one that fits best according to the inf
42、ormation given in the passage you have just read. The Rapid Rise and Fall of Robot Babysitters During the winter of 2017, an 18-year old college student named Canon Reeves spent much of his time trailing a knee-high robot around Fayetteville, Arkansas, as it delivered Amazon packages to students. Th
43、e robot, created by a start-up called Starship Technologies in 2014, is basically a cooler on wheels; it uses radars, sensors, and nine cameras to make deliveries. Reevess job was to monitor how it handled various grounds, field comments from the public, and press the off switch if necessary. He sai
44、d, People would also ask if it could deliver beer. It couldnt. Broadly speaking, jobs of caring for robots fall under the umbrella of careers in automation, which include maintenance, engineering and programming. The demand for people with this skill set is considerable, with 20 million to 50 millio
45、n new jobs to be expected in this category by 2030, according to the Mckinsey Global Institute. In the year that ended in June 2018, I had almost three times the number of positions on the recruitment committee that ended in June 2016. Over the last year, a 34-year-old businessman named David Rodrig
46、uez spent hundreds of hours following a machine called the KiwiBot around UC Berkeleys campus while it delivered Red bull and other drinks to students. To retrieve (检索) orders, the app encourages students to give the robot a wave; the robots digital eyes will roll depending on its mood. Rodriguez, w
47、ho heads business development for the start-up, was tasked, early on, with monitoring the KiwiBot for problems even carrying it, should the motors fail. Since April 2018, though, the KiwiBot has largely been left unattended, and the majority of human interactions involve technical checks and loading food into the robot. To eliminate the boring work, the team is developing a restaurant robot to collect
