1、Syntactic variety 句子vYou come to love not by finding the perfect You come to love not by finding the perfect person,but by seeing an imperfect person person,but by seeing an imperfect person perfectly.perfectly.v爱一个人，并非因你发现她完美，而因为她爱一个人，并非因你发现她完美，而因为她的不完美在你的眼中很完美。的不完美在你的眼中很完美。vThe worst part of life
2、is waiting.The worst part of life is waiting.vThe best part of life is having someone worth The best part of life is having someone worth waiting for.waiting for.v生活中最痛苦的事是等待，然而最美好的事生活中最痛苦的事是等待，然而最美好的事是拥有值得等待的人。是拥有值得等待的人。How to write a grammatically-correct sentencev主+谓+宾v主+系+表v定语 状语 补语扩句法1定语结构（寻找名词
3、）定语结构（寻找名词）2状语结构状语结构 加时间加时间 地点地点 加目的或原因（加目的或原因（in order to do sth,and therefore,do sth.加伴随状语加伴随状语(confronting unprecedented fierce competition)3具体化原则具体化原则越来越多的父母把孩子送往国外。vMore and more parents are sending their children to foreign countries.11vMore and more wealthy parents are sending their children
4、who are not able to live all by themselves to foreign countries.21vMore and more wealthy parents are sending their children who are not able to live all by themselves to foreign countries in order to let their offspring receive more advanced education,and therefore,engage them in a brighter future.（
5、39）vConfronting unprecedented fierce competition,more and more wealthy parents are sending their children who are not able to live all by themselves to foreign countries in order to let their offspring receive more advanced education,and therefore,engage them in a brighter future.vConfronting unprec
6、edented fierce competition,more and more wealthy parents are sending their children who are not able to live all by themselves to foreign countries,such as United States of America,United Kingdom of England and Canada,in order to let their offspring receive more advanced education,and therefore,enga
7、ge them in a brighter future.vwe donate what we have to all the victims of this natural calamity.vwe donate what we have to all the victims of this natural calamity in order to help them out of crisis,and therefore,assist them to reconstruct their hometown.vConfronting the unprecedented earthquake i
8、n Wenchuan,we donate what we have,such as food,drinks,clothes,money,and our wives and husbands to all the victims of this natural calamity in order to help them out of crisis,and therefore,assist them to reconstruct their hometown.vConfronting the unprecedented earthquake in Wenchuan,we donate what
9、we have to all the victims of this natural calamity in order to help them out of crisis,and therefore,assist them to reconstruct their hometown.How to paraphrase a sentencev(1)既可以用主动式也可以用被动式既可以用主动式也可以用被动式,例如例如:v例例1.Today,we use machines not only in industry but in other sectors of national economy a
10、s well.vToday machines are widely used not only in industry but in other sectors of national economy as well.v例例2.Some people believe that it will be possible for automatic machines to replace completely in the future.vIt is believed by some people that it will be possible for automatic machines to
11、replace completely in the future.(2)既可以用肯定式也可以用否定既可以用肯定式也可以用否定式式v例例1.I shall go there unless it rains.vI shall go there if it doesnt rain.v例例2.Their daily lives dont provide them with the exercise needed to keep them healthy.vTheir daily lives fail to provide them with the exercise needed to keep th
12、em healthy.vv(3)某些修饰成分既可以用在句子前面也可以用某些修饰成分既可以用在句子前面也可以用在后面在后面,还可以用在中间还可以用在中间,例如例如:v例例1.With a car,people can get around freely.vPeople can get around freely with a car.v例例2.In fact,speaking is one of the most important means of communication.vSpeaking,in fact,is one of the most important means of com
13、munication.(4)既可以是正常语序也可以是倒装语序,例如:v例例1.A new type of TV sets was among the products on display.vAmong the products on display was a new type of TV sets.v例例2.We did not realize the problem of energy crisis until the end of last century.vNot until the end of last century did we realize the problem of
14、energy crisis.(5)既可以用简单句也可以用并列句或者主从复合句,例如:v例例1.Nowadays a lot of people work in office,spending most of their time indoors.vNowadays a lot people work in office and they spend most of their time indoors.v例例2.There are many means of getting information and they enable us to keep up with what is going
15、 on in the world.vThere are many means of getting information which enable us to keep up with what is going on in the world.英语句式变化实例。There be 句型的转化v例例1.a.There are many people who prefer to go by bike,because they are not satisfied with bus service.vb.The public preference for riding a bicycle refle
16、cts their dissatisfaction with bus service.v例例2.a.There are more and more people who realize the close connection between energy and population.vb.The close connection between energy and population is increasingly recognized.v例例3.a.There are fewer and fewer green trees in many big cities while there
17、 are more and more concrete buildings.vb.The number of concrete buildings in many big cities has enormously increased at the expense of green belts.v例例4.a.There are fewer and fewer citizens who like to see films.vb.Films are now losing their appeal for many citizens.v例例5.a.There are many people who
18、complain of severe housing shortages.vb.Housing shortages become the source of great complaint.句式思维转变People,I,you人们开始讨论是否有取消考试的可能性。人们开始讨论是否有取消考试的可能性。People begin to discuss the possibility of abolishing examinations.主观思维变客观思维vA spirited discussion springs up as to the possibility of abolishing exami
19、nations.整个国家的人都极大地需求各种各样有营养的食物。vPeople throughout the country have greatly demanded all kinds of nutritious foods.vThere is a great demand across the country for all kinds of nutritious foods.人们应该意识到染上吸烟习惯的可怕后果。vPeople should realize the dreadful consequences of taking up the smoking habit.vThe drea
20、dful consequences of taking up the smoking habit should be realized by people.vThere should be a general awareness of the dreadful consequence of taking up the smoking habit.vwe almost forget this event.主观主观 客观客观 换换This event is fading from our memory.vwe will never forget this class.v换换This class i
21、s firmly rooted in our minds.主动变被动v少用第一，二人称少用第一，二人称vI would like to discuss the advantages and disadvantages of advertising.vThe advantages and disadvantages of advertising will be discussed below.vIf you do not pay attention to environmental problems,you would suffer huge loss sooner or later.vIf e
22、nvironmental problems are not given enough attention,the whole human race would suffer huge loss sooner or laterBecause 的改写v例例11.a.Because the decision recognizes the fact that students are trying to put an end to the cheating on the campus,so they will welcome it.vb.Students all welcome the decisio
23、n which recognizes their effort to put an end to the cheating on the campus.v例例12.a.Because one can not know what kind of knowledge will be more useful in the future,so he cannot make a sound choice in taking school courses.vB.The inability to predict what particular piece of knowledge will be more
24、useful in the future prevents a person from making sound choice in taking school courses.v例例13.a.Because many people desire to learn foreign languages,there appear many language schools.vb.Many language schools are called into existence by the social demand for acquisition of foreign languages.v例例14
25、.a.Because energy is becoming less and less,we have to find a way to solve this problem.vb.Faced with growing shortages of energy,we have to find a solution to this problem.v例例15.a.Because today is our teachers birthday we hold a party to show honor to him.vb.We hold a party in honor of our teacher
26、whose birthday is today.If 类句型改写v例例16.a.If you compare the two methods carefully,you will find the difference.vb.Careful comparison of the two methods will show you the difference.v例例17.a.If we understand the greater pressure of population growth,we will have a correct attitude towards family planni
27、ng.vb.A better understanding of the greater pressure of population growth is essential to a correct attitude towards family planning.v例例18.a.If there is no waste nor pollution,man can certainly survive.vb.Man can certainly survive in the world where there is no waste nor pollution.v例例19.a.If we only
28、 apply book knowledge,we will not get good result.vb.The application of book knowledge alone wont bring you good result.v例例20.a.If our parents dont control children strictly,their potentials will be fully developed.vb.Free from the strict control by our parents,childrens potentials will be fully dev
29、eloped.When 的句型改变v例例21.a.When the old worker sees he is going to retire,he begins to worry very much.vb.The mere prospect of retirement would set the old worker to worry very much.v例例22.a.When our teacher had left,the heated discussion then ended.vb.The departure of our teacher brought the heated di
30、scussion to an end.v例例23.a.When there is a slight improvement in their childrens studies,the parents will feel happy and proud.vb.The slightest improvement in their childrens studies will lead to their parents happiness and pride.v例例24.a.Only when one rids himself of complacency can he learn somethi
31、ng.vb.One can not learn anything until he rids himself of complacency.v例例25.a.Only when we make continuous efforts can we take an opportunity whenever it occurs.vb.Continuous efforts must be made before it is possible to take an opportunity whenever it occurs.With 的句型改变v例例26.a.With the development o
32、f science and technology,we can have a plentiful supply of food and commodities.vb.The advance of science and technology has made it possible for us to have a plentiful supply of food and commodities.v例例27.a.With the expansion of industry,natural resources are gradually exhausted.vb.The rapid expans
33、ion of industry leads to a progressive exhaustion of natural resources.v例例28.a.With the improvement of standard of living,even ordinary families can afford color TV sets.vb.Color TV sets are now within easy reach of ordinary families who have enjoyed the improved standard of living.In order to 句型改变v
34、例例29.a.In order to get a harmonious development for all students,school authorities should design a new program.vb.School authorities should design a new program which will permit a harmonious development for all the students.v例例30.a.In order to prevent the problem becoming too serious to solve,we m
35、ust take an immediate step.vb.An immediate step must be taken before the problem becomes too serious to solve.v例例31.a.In order to build a stable and prosperous nation,people should make new efforts.vb.New efforts will bring China into a stable and prosperous nation.More and more 句型替换v例例32.a.More and
36、 more people now prefer to stay at home and watch TV.vb.People in increasing numbers prefer to stay at home and watch TV.v例例33.a.More and more teenagers smoke cigarettes in recent years.vb.Teenage smoking is on the rise in recent years.v例例34.a.More and more teachers are needed with the development o
37、f economy.vb.There is an increasing demand for teachers with the development of economy.v例例35.a.More and more trees have disappeared in the city.vb.There is a sharp decline in the number of trees in the city.v例例38.a.This society still makes women unable to enjoy the equal right to pay and promotion.
38、vb.Women are still denied the equal right to pay and promotion.越来越多变得越来越富裕的人能够买得起越来越多的自行车vMore and more people who become more and more wealthy can afford more and more bikes.more and more+n位于句首时位于句首时,要把名词提要把名词提前前.vn+in increasing/amounting/expending+numbervmore and more+adj 时时,要改为要改为 increasingly“越
39、来越越来越”vmore and more+n位于句子中间时位于句子中间时,要改要改为为surging number+ofvPeople in amounting number who become increasingly wealthy can afford surging number of bikes.v例例36.a.Family life makes me feel happy.vb.Family life is a source of happiness to me.v例例37.a.The incident makes me conclude that money doesnt me
40、an everything.vb.The incidents leads me to conclude that money does not mean everything.强调句vIt is_thatv是你小子把鬼子引导这来的。vIt is you that lead _herev空里填vGuizivJapanese soldiersvMotherfucking Japanese soldiersShe read a book in the library yesterday.vIt was she that read a book in the library yesterday.vIt
41、 was a book that she read in the library yesterday.vIt were two books that she read in the library yesterday.vIt was two books that she read in the library yesterday.vIt was in the library that she read a book yesterday.vIt was yesterday that she read a book in the library.强调方式-以旧带新vEducation almost
42、 means controversy these days,with rising costs and constant complaints about its inadequacies.But the value of schooling should not be obscured by the controversy.The single best means of economic advancement,despite its shortcoming,remains education.vEducation almost means controversy these days,w
43、ith rising costs and constant complaints about its inadequacies.But the controversy should not obscure the value of schooling.Education remains,despite its shortcomings,the single best means of economic advancement.倒装句v1.全部倒装，即把谓语动词放在主语前面v如 Here comes the bus.v2.部分倒装 把主语，谓语动词之间的两种词提到前面v情态动词might may
44、 should mustv助动词 do be have v中间没词的时候，提前do的各种形式。v当句首为never rarely seldom hardly 时，则全句部分倒装v1.I have never seen a pig climbing trees.v Never have I seen a pig climbing trees.2.I rarely see him recently.v Rarely do I see him recently.v当句首为介词短语表地点时，句子全部倒装veg:1.Jays music comes from the window.v 改：From th
45、e window comes Jays music.so thatv主语+be so+形容+that 倒装为So+形+be+主+thatvEg:The price is so high that we can not afford.v改：So high is the price that we can not afford.vOn no account should we do sth.vOnly in this way can we do sth 语言风格-具体与客观v定位角度vEnvironmentally speaking it is true that the dramatic inc
46、rease in cars since the 1970s has been an unparalleled disaster.vEnvironmentally speaking it would be true to say that-vEnvironmentally speaking we could say thatvFrom the environmental point of view,其它方面的副词vEconomically,commercially,culturally,morally,socially,financially,mechanically,ethically,pol
47、itically,politically,physically,outwardly,spiritually,客观v1.making tentative sentencevThe reason why so many people divorce is gambling.vThe main reason why so many people divorce is gambling.vOne of the main reasons why so many people divorce is gambling.vOne of the main reasons why so many people d
48、ivorce might be gambling.vAccording to Green(1992),one of the main reasons why so many people divorce might be gambling.根据实际情况，确定语气vCould,may,might,appear to,seem to,perhaps,possibly,so to speak,to some extent,up to a point,it may be that,it might be that,in a way,this suggests thatv表论据vIt is widely
49、 accepted thatvStudies has shown that vIt has been widely argued that论据vIt has been convincingly argued that vSb argues that vLeading authorities argue that表背景vIn parts of Asia,vThe available statistics demonstrate that vBased on this survey,a majority of engineering students think that 文化差异v全球化v西：主
50、要是社会变革和社会文化的影响v中：主要是经济的影响v旅游业v西：有可能破坏环境，影响一些本土文化v中：经济收入的主要来源v汽车的使用v西：不健康的生活方式，污染问题的根源。v中：经济发展的象征，现代化的象征。v快餐v西：垃圾食品，比如：麦当劳和肯德基v中：西方食品的象征，经济发达的象征v老龄人口v西：老年人应该有选择自己生活的权利，可以去养老院或自己生活，减轻家人负担v中：照顾老人是子女不可推卸的责任。v家庭观念v西：父母和子女的地位是平等的，子女到一定年龄之后，一般都会迅速独立。v中：父母有责任照顾子女，安排子女的生活，包括工作和住房。v体罚和校规v西：体罚需要禁止，校规应有一定的灵活度v中
