1、【英语】高考英语阅读理解练习题及答案一、高中英语阅读理解1阅读理解 There might be as many as 10 million species of complex life on this planet today a huge number. But add up all of the complex species that ever lived and some biologists think the grand total would be about five billion. The estimate leads to an astonishing conclus
2、ion: a staggering 99% of species are not around any more. They have been driven to extinction. More species are joining the ranks of the extinct every year. Many scientists believe we are living through an episode of remarkably rapid extinction, on a scale that has been seen only five times in the l
3、ast half a billion years. They call this current episode the sixth mass extinction a large, global decline in a wide variety of species over a relatively short period of time. And they tend to agree that humans are the main cause. Over-hunting, overfishing, and human-driven habitat loss are pushing
4、many species to the brink. In fact, we have changed the planet so much that some geologists are now suggesting that we have entered a new phase in Earths history; an epoch they call the Anthropocene. By 2100, it is expected that humans will have caused the extinction of up to half of the worlds curr
5、ent species. Because we are living through this extinction, it is relatively easy for us to study the driving forces behind it. But how do we determine what caused other mass die-offs that happened long ago? To do so we have to look at what archaeologists, palaeontologists, geologists and other scie
6、ntists have concluded from the evidence they have gathered. The trouble is, those scientists do not always agree with one another even about the most recent extinction event. As well as the five-or six- mass extinctions, there have also been many smaller extinctions. One of these mini extinction eve
7、nts happened towards the end of the Pleistocene, a few tens of thousands of years ago. It is sometimes called the megafaunal extinction because many of the species it claimed were particularly large animals, weighing more than 97lb (44kg). However, its cause remains a debate amongst scientists.（1）Wh
8、at can we learn about the sixth mass extinction？ A.Humans are the main cause of it.B.It means a global decline over a long time.C.It occurred towards the end of the Pleistocene.D.Scientists still disagree about the cause of it.（2）What can be inferred from the text about species？ A.99% of species wil
9、l not be around any more by 2100.B.By the 22nd century, there will probably be about five million on this planet.C.About eight years later we will enter what is called the Anthropocene.D.It is not easy for us to figure out causes behind theAnthropocene.（3）Which of the following is closest in meaning
10、 to the underlined word in the last paragraph ? A.Land animals.B.Marine life.C.Huge animals.D.Flesh-eating creatures.【答案】（1）A（2）B（3）C 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，许多科学家认为，我们正经历着地球史上第六次大规模物种灭绝，主要原因是人类的过度捕猎、过度捕捞和人类栖息地的丧失。但是，各个科学家对过去物种灭绝原因有着不同的看法，即便是最近的一次小规模物种灭绝大型动物灭绝，有关的灭绝原因，科学家仍在争论。(1)考查细节理解。第三段提到大规模物种灭绝是在a rela
11、tively short period of time，所以B错误；最后一段提到大型动物的灭绝发生在the end of the Pleistocene，而第六次大规模物种灭绝是当下正在发生的，所以C错误；根据第三段中的They call this current episode the sixth mass extinction a large, global decline in a wide variety of species over a relatively short period of time. And they tend to agree that humans are t
12、he main cause.可知，科学家认为人类是第六次大规模物种灭绝的主要原因，没有不同意见，因此D错误，因此选A。(2)考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“There might be as many as 10 million species of complex life on this planet today ”，以及第四段中的By 2100, it is expected that humans will have caused the extinction of up to half of the worlds current species.可知，到22世纪，地球还会有目前物种的1
13、/2会灭绝，也就是10million的半，即five million，因此选B。(3)考查词义猜测。根据最后一段中的because many of the species it claimed were particularly large animals, weighing more than 97lb (44kg).可推知 megafaunal应为大型动物，因此选C。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，选出正确答案。2阅读理解 Scientists found that sleeping co
14、nsiderably improves our creativity. After taking a nap people are able to think faster and put more imagination into their thinking. Besides, if we dream, the thinking abilities are improved even more. Researchers consider that sleeping on a problem in most cases leads to elucidation(解释). They say w
15、hen a person enters a phase called Rapid Eye Movement (REM) during sleep, it increases the effect. Such phase takes place right before we awake and according to scientists it helps our brain make links between unrelated subjects. In the study, led by Professor Sara Mednick, scientists made a conclus
16、ion that the REM was important for assimilating(消化) new information into past experience in order to find solutions to creative problems. Prof. Mednick is a psychiatrist at the University of California. Her study involved the analysis of 77 adults. Each participant was given several word-associated
17、creative tasks. All tasks were given in the morning, with participants being shown a number of groups of 3 words, for example: cookie, heart and sixteen. They were asked to come up with a word that would be associated with all three given termslike sweet. Sometime later, after some participants were
18、 allowed to sleep, they were asked to perform the same tasks and some new ones. It is worth mentioning that while some people slept, researchers used brain scans to see the type of sleep each participant entered. When given the same tasks, participants, who took a nap, were able to give more varied
19、solutions, some of which were much better than they gave earlier. But when given new tasks, researchers found that those who entered REM sleep had a 40 percent better result compared to the performance they showed in the morning.（1）What does it refer to in the second paragraph?A.The effect.B.REM.C.S
20、leep.D.A problem.（2）Why do the researchers study the REM?A.Because REM takes place just after you sleep.B.Because REM can store more information.C.Because REM can help find creative solutionsD.Because REM can make a creative invention.（3）What can we know from this passage?A.Taking a short nap is goo
21、d for your thinking during the day.B.Sleeping has three processes which is good for creativity.C.Each adult was allowed to sleep after the task was given.D.REM is a process taking place right after we awake when we nap.（4）The important stage in the study is_.A.to think of a creative wordB.to show a
22、group of 3 wordsC.to give participants time to thinkD.to let some participants sleep for a while【答案】 （1）B（2）C（3）A（4）D 【解析】【分析】文章讲述了科学研究发现，睡眠能大大提高我们的创造力。( 1 )词义猜测题。根据前一句They say when a person enters a phase called Rapid Eye Movement (REM) during sleep可知，it指代REM，选B。( 2 )细节理解题。根据倒数第三段scientists made a
23、conclusion that the REM was important for assimilating(消化) new information into past experience” in order to find solutions to creative problems.可知，科学家之所以研究这个时期是因为这个时期对于找到创造性问题的解题办法是重要的，这个时期会将新信息消化为经验，故答案为C。( 3 )细节理解题。根据最后一段When given the same tasks, participants, who took a nap, were able to give m
24、ore varied solutions, some of which were much better than they gave earlier.可知，小睡一会之后会让人有更好的表现。故选A。( 4 )推理判断题。根据倒数第二段It is worth mentioning that while some people slept, researchers used brain scans to see the type of sleep each participant entered.可知，研究很重要的一个阶段就是要让参加者睡一会，然后来扫描他们大脑看看他们进入的睡眠阶段。选D。3阅读
25、理解 Why do you go to the library? For books, yes-but you like books because they tell stories. You hope to get lost in a story or be transported into someone elses life. At one type of library, you can do just that-even though theres not a single book. At a Human Library, instead of books, you can “b
26、orrow” people. Individuals volunteer as human “books” and participants in the event can “read” the book-meaning they would have a one-on-one conversation with the volunteer and share in a dialogue about that individuals experience. “Books” are volunteers from all walks of life who have experienced d
27、iscrimination (歧视) based on race, religion, class, gender identity, age, lifestyle choices, disability and other aspects of their life For a certain amount of time, you can ask them questions and listen to their stories, which are as fascinating and as attractive as any you can find in a book. Many
28、of the stories have to do with some kind of stereotype. You can speak with a refugee (难民), a soldier suffering from PTSD, a homeless person or a woman living with HIV. The Human Library encourages people to challenge their own long-held beliefs-to truly get to know, and learn from someone they might
29、 otherwise make a quick judgment about. According to its website, the Human Library is “a place where difficult questions are expected, appreciated and answered.” It provides the opportunity for the community to share and understand the experiences of others in their community. The Human Library Org
30、anization came to be in Copenhagen, Denmark in 2000. Ronni Abergel, his brother Dany, and some colleagues hosted a four-day event during a major Northern European festival, hoping to raise awareness about violence among youth. After the success of this event, Abergel founded the Human Library Organi
31、zation, which has been growing ever since. Though there are a few permanent human libraries, most arent places at all, but events. Though many do take place at physical libraries, you dont need a library cardanyone can come and be part of the experience. There have been human library events all over
32、 the globe, in universities and in pubs, from Chicago to Tunis to Edinburgh to San Antonio. The stories these books tell range from fascinating to heartbreaking and everything in between. And thats the very point of the organization-to prove that no person can be summed up in just one word. It seeks
33、 to show people that you truly cant judge a book by its cover-or by its title or label. （1）The “books” in human libraries are_. A.long-held beliefs attracting individualsB.inspiring stones motivating people in troubleC.events in which people can talk to volunteersD.unfairly-treated people sharing th
34、eir experiences（2）The event in Copenhagen is significant because it_. A.aimed to help the young suffering from violenceB.attempted to replace traditional physical librariesC.laid a foundation for the Human Library OrganizationD.led to a pleasing development for the community with racism（3）In human l
35、ibraries, the readers are likely to_. A.deepen their understanding of peopleB.enrich their own personal experiencesC.hear the stories from all over the worldD.make quick judgments about the “books”（4）The main purpose of the passage is to _. A.compare and evaluateB.inform and explainC.discuss and per
36、suadeD.analyze and suggest【答案】（1）D（2）C（3）A（4）B 【解析】【分析】这是一篇介绍说明类文章。文章介绍了有关“the Human Library”的相关信息。在the Human Library，读者可以和来自各行各业志愿者们交谈，了解他们的经历和故事，加深对他人的了解。（1）细节理解题。由第二段中的 “At a Human Library, instead of books, you can “borrow” people. Individuals volunteer as human “books” and participants in the e
37、vent can “read” the book-meaning they would have a one-on-one conversation with the volunteer and share in a dialogue about that individuals experience. “Books” are volunteers from all walks of life who have experienced discrimination (歧视) based on race, religion, class, gender identity, age, lifest
38、yle choices, disability and other aspects of their life” 可知，Human Library的“书”实际上人，这些人来自各行各业，他们经历了种族，宗教，性别等方面的歧视。读者们可以和这些人交谈，了解他们的经历。故答案选D。（2）推理判断题。由倒数第二段中的“The Human Library Organization came to be in Copenhagen, Denmark in 2000. Ronni Abergel, his brother Dany, and some colleagues hosted a four-day
39、 during a major Northern European festival, hoping to raise awareness about violence among youth. After the success of this event, Abergel founded the Human Library Organization, which has been growing ever since”可知，Ronni Abergel，他的兄弟Dany以及一些同事举行了为期四天的活动，希望提高人们对青年人暴力的意识。在这次活动成功之后，Abergel建立了the Human
40、 Library Organization，该组织一直在发展中。由此可知，在Copenhagen举行的活动的成功导致了the Human Library Organization的成立，结合选项可推知，该活动奠定了该组织的基础，故答案选C。（3）细节理解题。由第四段中的“It provides the opportunity for the community to share and understand the experiences of others in their community”可知，the Human Library给社会给提供了分享和了解别人经历的机会。由此可知，通过th
41、e Human Library， 人们可以加深对他人的了解。故答案选A。（4）写作意图题。文章介绍了the Human Library(真人图书馆)的情况。在the Human Library，读者可以和来自各行各业志愿者们交谈，了解他们的经历和故事。文章还介绍了the Human Library的成立的情况。很明显，作者希望通过这篇文章让读者了解the Human Library，结合选项，告知解释。故答案选B。【点评】推理题的解题方法：（1）抓住特定信息进行逆向或正向推理。要善于抓住某一段话中的关键信息，即某些关键词或短语去分析、推理、判断，利用逆向思维或正面推理，从而推断出这句话所隐含的
42、深层含义。（2） 整合全文（段）信息进行推断。有时需要在弄懂全文意思的基础上，整合与题目相关的有用信息，综合起来去推理判断，确定最佳结论。（3）利用语境的褒贬性进行信息推断。每篇文章的语境都有一定褒贬性，这种褒贬性反映了主人公的特定心理和情绪状态及作者的写作意图，因此利用好文章的语境褒贬性就能在把握主旨文意的基础上对文章进行准确的逻辑判断。 （4）根据文章的结论推断作者的态度。 作者态度、倾向是指作者对陈述的观点是赞同、反对还是犹豫不定，对记叙或描写的人、物或事件等是赞颂、同情、冷漠还是厌恶、憎恨。作者的这种思想倾向和感情色彩往往隐含在文章的字里行间，或流露于修饰的词语之中。 （5）根据上下文
43、的逻辑得出结论。逻辑结论是指严格根据文章中所陈述的事实、论点、例证等一系列论据材料进行推理，从而得出合乎逻辑的结论，而不是根据自己的经验、态度、观点或爱好去理解文章的内涵。 （6）结合已有的知识进行推断。知识推断是根据文章中所阐述的细节，运用自己掌握的基础知识进行分析、推敲，从而得出符合文章原义的结论的一种推断方法。4阅读理解 Norman Garmezy, a development psychologist at the University of Minnesota, met thousands of children in his four decades of research. A
44、 nine-year-old boy in particular stuck with him. He has an alcoholic mother and an absent father. But each day he would walk in to school with a smile on his face. He wanted to make sure that no one would feel pity for him and no one would know his mothers incompetence.” The boy exhibited a quality
45、Garmezy identified as “resilience”. Resilience presents a challenge for psychologists. People who are lucky enough to never experience any sort of adversity (逆境) wont know how resilient they are. Its only when theyre faced with obstacles, stress, and other environmental threats that resilience, or t
46、he lack of it, comes out. Some give in and some conquer. Garmezys work opened the door to the study of the elements that could enable an individuals success despite the challenges they faced. His research indicated that some elements had to do with luck, but quite large set of elements was psycholog
47、ical, and had to do with how the children responded to the environment. The resilient children had what psychologists call an “internal lens of control(内控点)”. They believed that they, and not their circumstances, affected their achievements. The resilient children saw themselves as the arrangers of their own fates. Ceorge Bonanno has been study
