1、学生姓名： 授课教师： 科目： 英语 学生 年级： 初三 上课时间： 年 月 日 时 分至 时 分 共 2 小时教学课题语法专题：中考主谓一致复习上次作业评析口语练习：Text ASummer Plans Peter and Mary are talking about their plans for the summer. Mary is going to work in the city, but Peter is going to go to camp. Mary thinks that their friend John is going to the mountains with h
2、is family.PETERL: What are you going to do after you return from Washington? MARY: Im going to stay in the city. PETER: What will you do all day? MARY: Im going to work with my father at the store. In the evening,Ill read books. On weekends, Ill go to the beach with my family. PETER: Have you ever w
3、orked? MARy: No, but I can learn. What are you going to do this summer? PETER: Im going to camp. Ive gone to camp for four summers. MARY: Ive never gone to camp. What do you do there? PETER: We do many things . In the morning, we go swimming and boating. In the afternoon, we play basketball or tenni
4、s. We sit around a campfire at night.We sing or tell . stories. MARY: That sounds wonderful. PETER: It is wonderful. Whats John going to do this summer? MARY: I think hes going to the mountains with his parents. FETER: Well, so long, Mary. Have fun. MARY: You too , Peter. Give my regards to John.8 I
5、ll see you in September. 语法：主谓一致【备考策略】主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致。因此，找出句子的真正主语是关键。同时，要遵循三个原则：语法一致、意义一致和就近原则。【知识梳理】一、摘要中考对主谓一致的考查主要包括以下三种情况：1学科名词作主语；表示时间、长度、价格、质量等短语作主语；“the姓氏名词复数”作主语；一些以s结尾的不可数名词作主语，如news，maths；“不定代词名词”作主语，如both of，neither等。2主语后带有with，except，like，as well as等介词短语。3就近原则，如there be句型，either
6、.or.，neither.nor.，not only.but also.等。考点一、语法一致原则语法一致即主语是单数形式时，谓语动词就用单数形式；主语是复数形式时，谓语动词就用复数形式。当and连接两个或多个名词，或both.and.连接两个名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。如：Tom and Mike are good friends.汤姆和迈克是好朋友。Both Lucy and Lily are students.露西和莉莉都是学生。不定代词either，neither，anybody，anyone，anything，someone，somebody，something，everyone
7、，everybody，everything，nobody，no one，nothing等作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：Is there anything wrong with your bike？你的自行车有什么毛病吗？Everyone is ready for the sports meeting.大家都在为运动会做准备。由each，each.and each.，every.and every.，every.作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：Each boy and each girl was given a new book.每一个男孩和每一个女孩都被给了一本新书。主语后有with，a
8、long with，together with，as well as，no less than，more than，including，besides，like，except，but等词或短语时，谓语动词的单复数形式由主语的单复数形式决定。如：Mr.Green with his wife and two daughters is coming to Beijing.格林先生将和他的妻子及两个女儿一块儿来北京。“a number of名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；“the number of名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：A number of trees are cut
9、down.许多树木被砍倒了。The number of students in our class is 32.我们班学生人数为32。“a lot of(lots of，plenty of，a pile of，piles of，most of)名词”和“分数或百分数名词”等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式取决于名词，如果是不可数名词，则谓语动词用单数形式；如果是可数名词复数，则谓语动词用复数形式。如：Lots of people have been there.很多人去过那儿。由“a pair(a kind，a series.)of复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；“pairs(kinds
10、.)of复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。如：A pair of sunglasses is lying on the table.一副太阳镜放在桌子上。Fifteen pairs of shoes are made each day.每天能制作十五双鞋。某些只有复数形式的名词(如clothes，trousers，shorts，pants，shoes，gloves.)作主语时，谓词动词用复数形式。如：My shoes were worn out.我的鞋子穿坏了。不定式或动名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：Reading is learning.读书就是学习。【例】 How much
11、_ the pair of shoes?Twenty dollars _ enough.(2017，南宁预测)Ais；is Bis；areCare；is Dare；are【例】 There _ a number of books in the library and the number of them _ increasing.(2016，烟台)Ahas；is Bhave；areCare；is Dis；are考点二、意义一致原则意义一致又叫概念一致，即谓语动词用单数形式还是复数形式要看主语所表达的概念。由and连接的两个名词，如果是指同一概念(即and后面无冠词)，则谓语动词用单数形式。如：
12、The teacher and writer is coming to give us a report next week.那位老师兼作家下周要来给我们作报告。The singer and dancer has been invited to the party.那位歌唱家兼舞蹈家被邀请参加了聚会。表示金钱、价格、时间、长度等复数名词及词组作主语时，一般被看作一个整体，谓语动词常用单数形式。如：Three years is a long time.三年是一段很长的时间。集体名词如family，team，crowd，company，class，group，government.，如果表示整体概
13、念，则谓语动词用单数形式；如果表示集体中的成员，则谓语动词用复数形式。如：My family is a small one with three people.我家是一个有三口人的小家庭。people，police，cattle等集合名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。如：The police are helping a girl find her mother.警察正在帮助一个女孩找妈妈。算式中，表示加法和乘法时谓语动词可用单数形式，也可用复数形式，但表示减法和除法时谓语动词必须用单数形式。如：What is/are three times three？3乘以3是多少？【例】 There _
14、fortytwo students in our class last term.(2016，梧州)Ais Bare Cwas Dwere【例】 _ Lily _ Lucy is going with you because one of them must stay at home.ANot only；but also BNeither；norCBoth；and DEither；or考点三、就近原则有时谓语动词的形式与最靠近它的名词保持一致，这种原则叫做就近原则，又叫做邻近原则。由either.or.，neither.nor.，not only.but(also).，not.but.或or连
15、接两个并列主语时，谓语动词与较近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。如：Not only my parents but also I am looking forward to meeting my uncle.不但我父母而且我也盼望看到我叔叔。Not only Jim but also his parents want to live in China.不仅吉姆而且他的父母也想居住在中国。He or you have taken my pen.他或你拿了我的钢笔。There be.和Here be.这两个句式中的be动词常与最近的主语在数上保持一致。如：There is an apple and t
16、wo bananas on the table.桌子上有一个苹果和两根香蕉。【例】 There _ some flowers on the teachers desk just now，but now there _ nothing on it.Ahave；has Bwere；hasCwere；is Dhas；has单项选择题二、 主要题型1.The twins fond of the new idea in the magazine article. A. beB. amC. isD. are2. The number of the volunteer in our city 2，000.
17、And sixty percent of them teachers and students. A. is;isB. is;areC. are;isD. are;are3. Both Kate and I ready for the new high school life. A. amB. isC. areD. be4. My sister with my parents dumplings when I got home yesterday evening. A. are makingB. is makingC. was making D. were making5. Andy，with
18、 his parents， to Hong Kong，and they will stay there for a week. A. have goneB. has goneC. have been D. has been【典例精析】考点一、 意义一致意义一致就是根据句子主语的意义来确定谓语动词的单复数。如：Maths is difficult for us. 数学对我们来说很难。The police are trying to search for the thief on the hill. 警察们正在山上尽力搜查小偷。例The woman behind the girls a famou
19、s actress. A. isB. areC. haveD. has2. 语法一致语法一致即单数主语要用单数谓语动词，复数主语要用复数谓语动词。如：My bike is under the tree. 我的自行车在树下。These books are old. 这些书是旧的。例The Greens dinner in the kitchen now. A. is havingB. havingC. are having3. 就近原则就近原则即当主语被某些连词(短语)连接时，谓语动词的数与离它最近的词保持一致。如：Either my father or brother is coming. 我
20、父亲来，要不然就是我弟弟来。Not only you but also they are good students. 不仅你是好学生，而且他们也是好学生。例This is my twin sister，Lucy. Not only she but also I good at drawing. A. isB. amC. are考点二、并列结构作主语由and或both. and连接两个名词、代词作主语，表示不同的人或事物时，句子的谓语用复数。如：John and Mike are good friends. 约翰和迈克是好朋友。Both bread and milk are good for
21、you. 面包和牛奶对你都有好处。【注意】and连接的两个名词作主语，在意义上指同一人、同一物或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数。如：The famous singer and dancer is coming to Chongqing. 那位著名的歌唱家兼舞蹈家要来重庆。考点三、“名词+介词短语”作主语名词或代词后接as well as，with，along with，together with，except，but等短语作主语时，谓语动词的形式应和介词短语前的名词或代词的人称和数保持一致。She as well as other students likes playing computer g
22、ames. 她和其他学生都喜欢玩电脑游戏。He with his parents is working in the fields. 他正和他的父母在地里干活。Nobody but you and me knows it. 除了你和我，没人知道。考点四、不定代词作主语1. 当作主语的名词前有each，neither，either，every修饰或each，neither，either作主语时，谓语动词用单数。Each student has a book. 每一个学生都有一本书。Either answer is correct. 两个【答案】都是正确的。Neither parent is wi
23、th him. 他的父母都没有和他在一起。Every minute is important to us. 每一分钟对大家都很重要。2. 当复合不定代词someone，anyone，somebody，anybody，nobody，everybody，something，anything，nothing，everything等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。Somebody is waiting for you outside. 有人在外面等你。Is everybody here today? 今天大家都到了吗? Something is wrong with my watch. 我的手表出故障了。N
24、obody was away yesterday. 昨天没有人离开。例Now the students each an English-Chinese dictionary. A. hasB. haveC. is havingD. are having考点五、There be和Here be的就近原则There be和Here be 结构后面接并列名词时，谓语动词be均应与最近的名词在数上保持一致。如：There is a pen，a pencil，a knife and three books on the desk. 书桌上有一支钢笔，一支铅笔，一把刀和三本书。Here are some
25、flowers and a card. 这里有一些花和一张卡片。例Why are you in such a hurry，Mike? There an NBA basketball game in ten minutes. A. will haveB. will beC. is going to haveD. are going to be考点六、特殊名词作主语1. 国名、人名、书名、报刊名、组织机构等专有名词作主语时，即使其形式上是复数，谓语动词也要用单数。The United States lies to the east of China. 美国在中国的东方。(国名)Engels was
26、 good at learning foreign languages. 恩格斯擅长学外语。(人名)2. “the+形容词”作主语时，表示某类人，谓语动词用复数。The sick are taken good care of. 病人得到很好的照顾。The old are supposed to be spoken to politely. 跟老人讲话要有礼貌。3. 以-s结尾的学科名词，如maths，physics，politics等和以-s结尾的抽象名词，如news，plastics等作主语时，谓语动词要用单数。Physics is very difficult for me to lear
27、n. 物理对我来讲很难学。The news was very exciting. 这条新闻十分激动人心。4. 单复数形式相同的名词，如Chinese，Japanese，sheep，deer等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数由名词前的修饰语来确定。A Chinese wants to see you. 一个中国人想见你。Ten sheep are eating grass there. 那边有10只绵羊在吃草。【注意】Chinese，Japanese，English等前加the表示一国人，作主语时，谓语动词用复数。如：The Chinese speak Chinese. 中国人说汉语。例Physics
28、 more interesting than maths，I think. A. areB. isC. wasD. were考点七、表数量概念的词或短语作主语1. 表示时间、金钱、距离、重量等的复数名词作主语时，通常看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数。Ten years has passed quickly. 10年很快就过去了。Ten dollars is enough. 10美元就够了。100 kilometers is a long way. 100千米是一段很长的路。2. 加减乘除运算中的谓语动词用单数，其中加法与乘法也可用复数。Two and two is/are four. 2加2等于4
29、。Six times one is/are six. 6乘以1等于6。3. “many a/more than one+单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。There is more than one answer. 有不止一个【答案】。Many a student has passed the exam. 许多学生通过了考试。4. “one and a half+复数名词”作主语时，谓语用单数。One and a half days is all I can spare. 一天半是我所能支配的全部时间。One and a half pears is left on the plate. 一个
30、半梨被留在盘子里。5. the rest of. 短语作主语时，如果of后接复数名词，谓语用复数；如果of后接不可数名词，谓语用单数。The rest of the bikes are on sale. 余下的自行车降价出售。The rest of the bread is gone. 剩余的面包不见了。6. “none of+复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词既可以用单数也可以用复数。None of the dogs was/were there. 那儿没有狗。7. “a number of+名词复数”表示“许多/大量的”，其后的谓语动词用复数；“the number of+名词复数”表示“的数量
31、”，其中心词为number，故谓语动词用单数。A number of farmers are standing over there. 许多农民站在那边。The number of the students in this school has reached over 2，000. 这所学校的学生数量已达到2 000多人。8. “a lot of/lots of/plenty of+名词”作主语，谓语动词由of后的名词来确定。如果of后是不可数名词，谓语动词用单数；如果of后是复数名词，谓语动词用复数。A lot of time is needed. 需要大量的时间。Plenty of wo
32、rkers are working. 许多工人在工作。例What the number of the students in your school? About two thousand. A number of them from England. A. is;areB. is;isC. are;isD. are;are【答案】：A解析：第一空处的主语为the number of the students，用is填写；第二空处的主语为a number of them，用are填写。考点八、动名词、不定式和从句作主语动名词、不定式或从句作主语时，谓语一般用单数。Doing morning e
33、xercises is good for your body. 做早操对你的身体有益。To play with fire near a gas station is very dangerous. 在加油站附近玩火很危险。What he said at the meeting is very important. 他在会上的发言很重要。例To lose themselves in the Net bar on teenagers future. A. have a bad effectB. has a bad effectC. have a good effectD. has a good e
34、ffect【易错易难】考点一、就近原则出现几个主语时，谓语动词的人称单复数须和最近的主语保持一致。 考点二、意义一致原则主语形式是单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词根据意义要用复数；反之主语形式为复数，但意义为单数，谓语动词也用单数。如表示一笔钱，一段时间，一定重量时，这些单位虽是复数形式，但谓语动词是单数形式。 考点三、语法一致一个句子的主语是单数时，谓语动词也应是单数形式，主语是复数，谓语动词也用复数形式。细则如下：1. 由并列结构或连词（eitheror， neithernor，notbut， not onlybut also， or等）连接的并列主语，谓语动词与较近的那个名词或代词保持一致。
35、Neither his parents nor Tom_(be) at home.2. 在倒装句和there be句型中，谓语动词与后面的第一个主语保持一致。There _(be) a book and some pens on the desk. There _(come) the bus. 3. 在定语从句中，关系代词作主语，其谓语动词应与它所指代的先行词保持一致。I know the man who_(be) talking to my father.4. 在强调句中，连接代词又在句中作主语，这时它应与被强调的主语保持一致。It is Marys brother who_(be) inj
36、ured in the car accident yesterday.5. 从句、不定式、动名词等作主语时谓语动词用单数。When to leave _(be) not been decided.Watching TV too much _(be) bad for your eyes.When to leave _(be) not been decided.Watching TV too much _(be) bad for your eyes.注：如果主语是两个(或两个以上)的名词性从句，谓语动词常用复数。What he said and what he did _(be) always d
37、ifferent last night . 由“what”引导的名词性从句作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式。What I want to say _(be) just “ Take care!”.6.“+ (of) +名词”作主语时，若“of”后的名词为单数（不可数名词），则谓语动词用单数，如果名词为复数，则谓语动词用复数，如： half of, some of, any of, a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a quarter of, a third of, 30% of。Most of the water here _(be) clean.80% cotton
38、 _have) been sent to America.80%Half of the apples _(be) red.7. 词组“a number of”作主语时，谓语动词应用复数；“the number of”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。A number of ancient buildings _ (be) destroyed in the war.The number of the visitors _ (have) decreased this year. 8. 英语的集体名词（family, public, group, team, class等词），指代“整体”时为单数；指代“其
39、中的各成员”则为复数。My family _(be) very poor when I was a little girlMy family _(be) all looking forward for your coming. 9. every +.and every +.或each+and each +作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。Every man and every woman _(be) busy at working.10. 英语句中的each， either， neither等词，作代词充当主语，修饰名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。Neither of us _(have) been
40、 abroad. Neither answer _(be) wrong .11. 由some, any every, no构成的复合词（somebody，nobody，everything，anything等）作主语时，谓语动词用单数。Somebody _(be)waiting for you at the school gate.12. 成双成对出现的复数名词（glasses，shoes，trousers，pants，gloves等）作主语时，通常谓语动词用复数，但前面有a /the pair of；a /the suit of等词语时，则谓语动词要与量词（pair, suit, piece
41、 ）在单复数上保持一致。A pair of scissors_(be) useful tool for a dressmaker.Two pieces of paper _(be ) on the desk .13. 以复数形式出现，却表示单数意义（maths, physics, news ）谓语用单数。Maths_(be) my favorite subject.14.“the +形容词（old /young /rich /poor ）”表示“一类人”，作主语时，谓语用复数。 The young _(like) listening to popular songs .15.“the +姓氏的
42、复数” 表示“某某夫妇，某某一家人”，作主语时，谓语用复数。 The Greens _(be)having lunch now.16. 当主语与谓语动词之间插入along with，with，as well as，together with， besides，except， but， including等短语时 ，谓语动词与第一个主语保持一致。I along with my sister_(be) going to Shanghai next month. 17. 表示时间、距离、金额、度量等词语作主语时，通常被视作整体，谓语动词用单数。10 minutes is enough.18.加减乘除
43、等数学运算谓语动词通常用单数。2 and 3 _5. 19.“the +姓氏名词的复数”表示“一家人、.夫妇”，作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。The Blacks _(enjoy) working in China.20.由and连接的两个单数名词作主语时，一般用复数形式，但and所连接的并列主语是同一个人，事物，或概念时，谓语动词用单数。这两种情况区分如下：a/the+单数名词+and+单数名词，指的是同一个人或物；a/the+单数名词+and+a/the+单数名词，指两个人或物。The writer and teacher coming. 那位作家兼教师来了。(作家和教师指同一个人) Th
44、e writer and the teacher coming. 作家和老师来了。(作家和老师是两个人)【跟踪练习】()1. _of the land in that town _covered with trees and grass. (2017达州)A. Two fifth; is B. Two fifth; are C. Two fifths；is D. Two fifths; are()2. Mum, _ of my classmates _ glasses. (2017宿迁) Oh，my god. You need to protect your eyes well.Athree fourths; wears Bthree fourth; wear Cthree fourth; wears Dthree fourths; wear()3. Not only my parents but also my sister _ crazy about the TV play in the Name of People.(2017长沙)A. is B. are C. have been D. has been()4.This pa
