1、高中英语倒装用法归纳倒装结构也是英语高考中常考的语法现象,该结构分为完全倒装和部分倒装。所谓完全倒装是指整个谓语部分放在主语前面;而部分倒装是指谓语的一部分(情态动词或助动词放在主语之前。一、完全倒装结构there be句型,引导词there还可以接appear,exist,lie,remain,seem,stand,live等词。There is a mobile phone and some books on the desk.桌上有一个手机和一些书。There are thousands of people gathering on the square.广场上聚集着成千上万的人Ther
2、e lived an old fisherman in the village.村里住着一位老渔夫。There stand two white houses by the river.河滨矗立着两座白房子。There existed some doubt among the students.学生中有些怀疑。用于here,there,now,thus,then+动词+主语的句型中(谓语动词多为be,go,come等。Here comes the bus.汽车来了。There goes the bell.铃响了。Now comes my turn.轮到我了。Then came the order
3、 to take off.起飞的命令到了。以out,in,up,down,off,away等副词开头,谓语动词是表示“移动”的意思。如:go,come,leave等。Away went the crowd one by one.人们一个一个地离去。In came a stranger in black.进来了一位穿黑衣的陌生人。Down fell the leaves.树叶掉了下来。注意:在完全倒装的结构里,如果主语是人称代词,则用正常语序。Out she went.她走了。Here we are.我们到了。表示地点的介词词组位于句首,谓语动词是表示“存在”之意的be,lie,stand,ex
4、ist等句子中。South of the lake lies a big supermarket.湖泊的南边是一个大超市。20 miles east of our school lies a modern swimming pool.我们学校向东20英里有一个现代化的游泳池。On the floor were piles of old books,magazines and newspapers.地上是一堆堆旧的书报杂志。On the top of the hill stood an old castle.山丘上有一座古堡。二、部分倒装结构含有否定意义的副词或连词not,seldom,litt
5、le,hardly,never,rarely,nowhere等,放在句首时,则其后要用部分倒装:Not a single word of English can he speak.他连一个英语单词都不会说。Little does he care about his clothes.他不在乎穿着。Never have I seen him before.Never before have I seen him.我以前没见过他。No longer did he feel disappointed,but happy and hopeful.他不再感到沮丧,而是高兴,充满希望。Seldom does
6、 he go out for dinner.他很少出去吃饭。当not until位于句首时,其后的主句要用倒装形式:Not until yesterday did little John change his mind.小约翰直到昨天才改变了主意。Not until next week will the sports meet be held.直到下周才开运动会。Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room.孩子睡着了,妈妈才离开房间。当not onlybut also位于句首引出句子时,not only后的句子通常
7、用部分倒装形式:Not only did we lose our money,but we were nearly killed.我们不但丢了钱,而且几乎丧了命。Not only does she speak Spanish,but she also knows how to type.她不但会说西班牙语,还会打字呢。Not only is he a teacher,but he is also a poet.他不仅是一位教师,而且是一位诗人。含有否定词的介词短语置于句首时,其后引出部分倒装形式:At no time did he lose his self-control.他始终没有失去控制
8、力。On no accounts must this switch be touched.这个开关是绝不能触摸的。In(Underno circumstances will I lend money to him.无论如何我也不会再借钱给他了。By no means shall I give up.我决不放弃。注:in no time(立即,马上位于句首时,其后无需用倒装语序。In no time he worked out the problem.他马上就算出了那道题。hardlywhen;scarcelywhen;no soonerthan表示“刚就”的倒装形式:Hardly had he
9、 started to leave when it began to rain.他刚要离开,天就下起了雨。Scarcely had he sat down when his mobile phone rang.他刚坐下,手机就响了。No sooner had he handed in his paper than he realized his mistakes.他刚交卷就意识到出错了。No sooner had we reached the airport than the plane took off.我们刚到机场,飞机就起飞了。only+状语的倒装形式:“only+副词”位于句首:Onl
10、y then did I realize that I was wrong.只是到了那时我才意识到是我错了。The pilot reassured the passengers.Only then did I realize how dangerous the situation had been.飞机驾驶员要乘客们放心,这时我才明白刚才的情况有多危险。“only+介词短语”位于句首:Only by working hard can you succeed.只有努力工作你才能成功。Only in the reading-room can you find him.你只有在阅览室才能找到他。“o
11、nly+状语从句”位于句首:Only after she died was I able to appreciate her.只有到她死后我才认识到她的价值。Only when one loses freedom does one know its value.一个人只有在失去自由后才知道自由的可贵。注意:若位于句首的不是only+状语,而是only+主语或宾语等,则通常无需倒装:Only a policeman the children saw in the street.孩子们在街上只看到一个警察。(修饰宾语Only Tom watches TV at home on Sunday.只有汤
12、姆星期天在家看电视。(修饰主语so型倒装形式:当副词so后接形容词或副词位于句首时,其后要用部分倒装.如:He was so excited that he could not say a word.So excited was he that he could not say a word.他如此激动以至于一句话都说不出来。So cold was the weather that we had to stay at home.天气太冷,我们只好呆在家里。So fast does light travel that we can hardly imagine its speed.光速很快,我们
13、几乎没法想象它的速度。当要表示前面提出的某一肯定的情况也同样适合于后者,通常就要用“So+助动词+主语”这种倒装结构。如:You are young and so am I.你年轻,我也年轻。He can send emails to his former classmates,so can I.他能把电子邮件给以前的同学,我也能。He went to the film last night,so did I.昨天晚上他去看电影了,我也去了。such型倒装形式:当suchthat结构中的such置于句首时,such后的句子要用部分倒装。如:He seemed such a nice man t
14、hat we all believe him.Such a nice man did he seem that we all believe him.他像个很和蔼的人,所以我们都喜欢他。They are such interesting books that we all enjoy reading them.Such interesting books are they that we all enjoy reading them.这些书很有趣,我们都喜欢看。This is such an interesting book that we all enjoy reading it.Such
15、an interesting book is this that we all enjoy reading it.这本书非常有趣,我们都喜欢看。(比较So good a girl is she that we all like her.她是一个如此好的女孩,我们大家都喜欢她。Such a good girl is she that we all like her.她是一个如此好的女孩,我们大家都喜欢她。让步状语从句的五类倒装形式:名词+as/though+主语+动词King as he was,he was unhappy.他虽是国王,但他并不幸福。Child as he is,he know
16、s to help other.他虽是个孩子,但却知道帮助别人。Teacher though he is,he cant know everything.他虽然是老师,但也不可能什么都懂。形容词+as/though+主语+动词Successful as he is,he is not proud.他虽然成功,但不骄傲。Improbable as it seems,its true.虽然看起来不太可能,但却是真的。Stupid as it sounds,I was so in love with her that I believed her.尽管听起来很愚蠢,我是如此爱她竟然相信了她的话。Pa
17、tient as he was,he didnt like waiting that long.他虽说有耐心,也不愿等这么长。副词+as/though+主语+动词Much as I like Paris,I couldnt live there.尽管我喜欢巴黎,但我不能住在那里。Hard though they tried,they couldnt make her change her mind.尽管他们做了很大努力,却没法让她改变主意。Fast as you read,you cant finish the book in two days.尽管你读得很快,你总不能在两天之内就读完这本书。
18、动词原形+as/though+主语+动词Try as he might,he couldnt solve the problem.尽管他想方设法,却未解决这个问题。Search as they would,they would find nobody in the house.无论怎样搜查,他们在房子里仍然没有找到一个人。Dislike him as we may,we must acknowledge his greatness.尽管我们不喜欢他,但必须承认他的伟大。Lose money as I did,we got a lot of experience.钱虽然丢了,我们却得到了许多经验
19、。【说明】主语后的动词通常为may,might,would,did等情态动词或助动词(若表示情态意义,则选用情态动词;若陈述事实,则用did,do等助动词。分词+as/though+主语+动词Raining hard as it is,Im going out for a walk.虽然正在下着大雨,我还是要出去散步。Surrounded as we were by the enemy,we managed to march forward.虽然我们被敌人包围着,但我们还是设法前进了。【补充说明】这类倒装的让步状语从句可用as,though来引导,但不能用although来引导;但是,未倒装的
20、让步状语从句则可用though,although来引导,而不能用as来引导。也就是说,although引导让步状语从句时不能倒装,as引导让步状语从句时必须倒装,而though引导让步状语从句时可以倒装也可以不倒装。如:当虚拟条件句含有were,should,had时,可省略if,将were,should,had置于句首的倒装形式:Were I Tom(=If I were Tom,I would refuse.如果我是汤姆,我就会拒绝。Had I realized that(=If I had realized that,I would have done something.我要是明白了这
21、一点,我可能会采取某种行动Should you require anything give me a ring.如果需要什么,可以给我打电话。(十一Neither/nor引导的句子用倒装形式,用于对前面所说的否定内容表示同样的看法。She wont go.Neither/Nor will I.她不走,我也不。I cannot swim.Neither can he.我不会游泳,他也不会。(十二一些表示频率的副词(如many a time,often等位于句首时的倒装形式:Many a time have I seen her taking a walk alone.我多次看到她独自一人在散步。
22、Often did she come to my house in the past.过去她常到我家来。一、考情分析倒装句有以下七大考点:(1含有否定意义的副词放在句首引起的部分倒装。(2含有否定意义的连接词置于句首引起的部分倒装。(3as的让步状语从句的五类倒装形式。(4省略if的虚拟条件句以had/were/should开头引起的部份倒装。(5 not until置于句首引起后面句子的部份倒装。(6 only短语置于句首引起的部份倒装。(7要注意倒装句中的主谓一致、时态一致及人称一致等问题。倒装句过关题(一一、阅读下列各小题,根据括号内的汉语提示,用句末括号内的英语单词完成句子。1.Lit
23、tle that he could be back alive.(think我没有想到他竟能活着回来。2.So fast that we can hardly imagine its speed.(travel光运行非常快,我们几乎无法想象它的速度。3.Only then life was not easy.(see只有那时我才知道生活是不易的。4.as/though he behaved like a girl.(be他虽是个男孩,但举止却像个女孩5.though,she is not clever.(be虽然她很漂亮,但是她不聪明。6.as,he couldnt pass the exam
24、.(try尽管他努力了,他还没有及格7.as,they could not find anything in the house.(do虽然他们搜遍了,却没在房子里找到任何东西。8.as,Im going out for a walk(be虽然正在下着大雨,我还是要出去散步。9.as by the enemy,we managed to march forward.(surround虽然我们被敌人包围着,但我们还是设法前进了。10.as,the football game has been decided not to be put off.(rain尽管雪下得很大,但还是决定不推迟足球比赛。
25、11.Only when he is seriously ill in bed.(stay只有他病重时,他才待在床上。12.No sooner he house than it began to rain.(leave我们刚离开家就开始下雨了。13.Not until I had read your letter the true state of affairs.(understand直到我看过你的信,我才了解事实真相。14.Hardly when a student came to visit her.(go她还没走出家门,就有一个学生来看望她。15.Not until the teach
26、er came in talking.(stop直到老师进来学生们才停止讲话。16.Not only,but also he brought us good news.(come他不但来了,而且给我们带来了好消息。17.Scarcely the house when the storm broke.(leave他刚离开这幢房子,暴风雨就来了。18.Not a single person.(solve没有一个人能解决这个问题。19.Only the machine.(operate只有他会操作这台机器。20.Nowhere the answer to this question.(find你在哪
27、儿都不会找到这个问题的答案。21.So that he did not dare to move an inch.(frightened他害怕得动都不敢动。22.I did not attend the performance yesterday,neither(wife我昨天没有去看节目,我妻子也没去。23.He would do more work,in your place.(be如果他是你的话,他会干更多工作。24.more money,I would live better.(earn如果我能赚更多的钱,我会生活得好些。25.You would have done well,her
28、advice.(take你如果听她的意见,你就会干得好些。二、从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。(1.So_that even the people in the next room could hear him.A.loudly he spokeB.he spoke loudlyC.loudly did he speakD.loudly spoke did he(2.Only when one loses freedom_its value.A.does one knowB.one does knowC.does know oneD.know one does(3.He
29、 never went to see her again,_to apologize.A.nor did he writeB.nor he did writeC.he did writeD.nor he wrote(4._to sleep than the telephone rang once again.A.No sooner had he goneB.No sooner did he goC.He no sooner wentD.He had gone no sooner(5.No sooner_down than the phone rang.A.had I satB.I had sa
30、tC.have I satD.I have sat(6.No sooner_than he was asked to leave again.A.has he arrivedB.he has arrivedC.had he arrivedD.he had arrived(7.Little_,but were flying to Geneva next weekend to celebrate his birthday.A.does he knowB.he knowsC.knows himD.did he know(8.Never in my wildest dreams_to win firs
31、t place last time.A.I expectedB.did I expectC.I have expectedD.have I expected(9.Never before_so many people here are still starving.A.had I knownB.I had knownC.have I knownD.I have known(10.Little_about his own safety,though he was in great danger himself.A.does he careB.did he careC.he caresD.he c
32、ared(11.Only after my friend came_.A.did the computer repairedB.be repaired the computerC.was the computer repairedD.the computer was repaired(12._about wild plants that they decided to make a trip to Madagascar for further research.A.So curious the couple wasB.So curious were the coupleC.How curiou
33、s the couple wereD.The couple was such curious(13.Only by shouting_to make himself heard.A.he was ableB.was he ableC.he did ableD.did he able(14.Only when we landed_how badly the plane had been damaged.A.we realizedB.did we realizeC.had we realizedD.we had realized(15._was the attack that we had no
34、time to escape.A.So suddenB.Too suddenC.So suddenlyD.Too suddenly(16.Not only_a pay increase,they want reduced hours as well.A.do the nurses wantB.the nurses wantC.did the nurses wantD.the nurses wanted(17.Not only_to her,I even got her autograph!A.I spokeB.did I speakC.I have spokenD.have I spoken(
35、18.The service was terrible and_the food.A.so thatB.so asC.so wasD.so as to英语13个高考倒装句的高频考点过关题(二1.考查never置于句首时的倒装当否定副词never置于句首时,其后习惯上要用倒装语序(与一般疑问句形式相同。如:Never in my wildest dreams_these people are living in such poor conditions.(2013安徽A.I could imagineB.could I imagineC.I couldnt imagineD.couldnt I
36、imagineNever before_in greater need of modern public transport than it is today.(2012上海A.has this city beenB.this city has beenC.was this cityD.this city was2.当否定副词little置于句首时,其后习惯上要用倒装语序(与一般疑问句形式相同。如:Little_that we were watching his every move,so he seemed to be going his own way in this business.(
37、2012安徽A.he realizedB.he didnt realizeC.didnt he realizeD.did he realizeThey have a good knowledge of English but little_they know about German(2013天津A.haveB.didC.hadD.do3.考查seldom置于句首时的倒装当否定副词seldom置于句首时,其后习惯上要用倒装语序(与一般疑问句形式相同。Seldom_any apology when mistakes are made.(2013全国A.we receiveB.do we rece
38、iveC.we receivedD.did we receiveSeldom_an article that was so full of lies.(2013福建A.have I readB.I have readC.had I readD.I had read4.考查hardly/scarcely置于句首时的倒装当否定副词hardly,scarcely等置于句首时,其后要用倒装语序(与一般疑问句形式相同。Hardly_Edinburgh than they were ordered to return to London.(2012全国A.had they reachedB.they ha
39、d reachedC.have the reachedD.they have reached5.考查no sooner等置于句首时的倒装当no sooner,no longer等结构置于句首时,其后要用倒装语序(与一般疑问句形式相同。Did Linda see the traffic accident?No,no sooner_than it happened.(2011天津A.had she goneB.she had goneC.has she goneD.she has goneNo sooner_mowing the lawn than it started raining.A.hav
40、e I startedB.I have startedC.had I startedD.I had started6.考查nowhere置于句首时的倒装当否定副词nowhere置于句首时,其后习惯上要用倒装语序(与一般疑问句形式相同。Maybe you have been to many countries,but nowhere else_such a beautiful place.(2013辽宁A.can you findB.you could findC.you can findD.could you find7.考查by no means等置于句首时的倒装当表示否定意义的副词性短语b
41、y no mearns,on no accounts,in no case,at no time等置于句首时,其后习惯上要用倒装语序(与一般疑问句形式相同。Ive tried very hard to improve my English.But by no means_with my progress.(2013重庆A.the teacher is not satisfied B.is the teacher not satisfiedC.the teacher is satisfiedD.is the teacher satisfied8.考查not only置于句首时的倒装当not on
42、lybut also句式的not only部分置于句首时,其后习惯上要用倒装语序(与一般疑问句形式相同。_snacks and drinks but they also brought cards for entertainment when they had a picnic in the forest.(2013上海A.Not only they broughtB.Not only did they bringC.Not only brought theyD.Not only they did bring9.考查not until置于句首时的倒装当notuntil句式转换成not unti
43、l且置于句首时,其后的主句部分习惯上要用倒装语序(与一般疑问句形式相同。Not until I began to work_how much time I had wasted.(2012重庆A.didnt I realizeB.did I realizeC.I didnt realizeD.I realized10.考查“only+状语”置于句首时的倒装当“only+状语”置于句首时,其后习惯上要用倒装语序(与一般疑问句形式相同。Only then_how much damage had been caused.(2013陕西A.she realizedB.she had realizedC
44、.had she realizedD.did she realize_by keeping down costs will Power Data hold its advantage over other companies.(浙江A.OnlyB.JustC.StillD.Yet11.考查“so+形容词”置于句首时的倒装当sothat句式的“so+形容词”部分置于句首时,其后要用倒装语序(与一般疑问句形式相同。_that Maric was able to set up new branches elsewhere.(2012陕西A.So successful her business was
45、B.So successful was her businessC.So her business was successfulD.So was her successful businessSo difficult_it to work out the problem that I decided to ask Tom for advice.(2012广东A.I did findB.did I findC.I have foundD.have I found12.考查类似“so do I”结构的倒装So do I这类结构表示的是前面提出的某一肯定的情况,后者也同样适用,通常可译为“也一样”“
46、也是如此”。My room gets very cold at night._.(2011江苏A.So is mineB.So mine isC.So does mineD.So mine doesIts burning hot today,isnt it?Yes._yesterday.(2012福建A.So was itB.So it wasC.So it isD.So is it13.考查类似“nor/neither do I”结构的倒装nor/neither do I这类结构表示的是前面提出的某一否定的情况,后者也同样适用,通常可译为“也一样”“也是如此”。If Joes wife wont go to the party,_.(2013全国IIA.he will eitherB.neither will heC.he neither willD.either he will二、阅
