1、Lesson 10 Not for Jazz 不适于演奏爵士乐 What happened to the clavichord? We have an old musical instrument. It is called a clavichord. It was made in Germany in 1681. Our clavichord is kept in the living room. It has belonged to our family for a long time. The instrument was bought by my grandfather many ye
2、ars ago. Recently it was damaged by a visitor. She tried to play jazz on it! She struck the keys too hard and two of the strings were broken. My father was shocked. Now we are not allowed to touch it. It is being repaired by a friend of my fathers.参考译文我家有件古乐器，被称作古钢琴，是1681年德国造的。我们的这架古钢琴存放在起居室里。我们家有这件
3、乐器已经很久了， 是我祖父在很多年以前买的。可它最近被一个客人弄坏了，因为她用它来弹奏爵士乐。她在击琴键时用力过猛，损坏了两根琴弦。我父亲大为吃惊，不许我们再动它。父亲的一个朋友正在修理这件乐器。【New words and expressions】（11）1 jazz dz n.爵士音乐2 musical mju:zikl a.音乐的3 instrument instrumnt n.乐器4 clavichord klvik:d n.古钢琴5 recently ri:sntli ad.最近6 damage dmid v.损坏7 key ki: n.琴键8 string stri n.(乐器的)
4、弦9 shock k, k v.使不悦或生气，震惊10 allow lau v.允许，让11 touch tt v.触摸一、 单词讲解jazz n. 爵士音乐classical music 古典音乐folk music 民族音乐country music 乡村音乐pop (popular) music 流行音乐jazz 爵士音乐play jazz 演奏爵士乐eg. They tried to play jazz on the piano. 他们试图在钢琴上演奏爵士音乐。rock and roll 摇滚乐rap 拉普乐（说唱音乐）musical adj. 音乐的music Ua piece of
5、 music 一首音乐concert knst C 音乐会musical adj. 音乐的musician n. 音乐家a music lesson 一堂音乐课a music teacher 音乐教师a music lover 音乐爱好者a piece of music 一首音乐face the music 面对失败；面对不愿面对而又不得不面对之事（说法：1.新演员初上舞台非常紧张，但是音乐响起了，不得不上舞台，必须去面对音乐，面对自己不敢面对的事情；2.新兵入伍后参加军事检阅，军乐响起来了，不得不按照节拍去走，哪怕再紧张也没有用。）a musical instrument 一件乐器a mus
6、ical performance 乐器演奏a musical score sk: 乐谱musical voice 美妙的声音instrument1) 器具，仪器torture t:t instruments 刑具operation instruments 手术器械2) 乐器musical instrument 乐器-What kind of musical instrument can you play? 你会演奏哪种乐器呢？-I can play the guitar. 我会弹吉他。-I can play the piano. 我会弹钢琴。-I can play the violin. 我会
7、拉小提琴。-I can play the saxophone sks,fn. 我会吹萨克斯管。instrument中的-ment是名词后缀movement 移动government 政府judgment 判断argument 争论，证据clavichord n. 古钢琴recently adv. 最近地 ；lately adv. 最近地常用在现在完成时以及过去时中eg. Recently it was damaged by a visitor. 最近它被一位客人弄坏了。eg. They have recently bought a new car. 他们最近刚刚买了一辆新车。eg. Have
8、you seen him recently. 最近你见过他吗?recent adj. 最近的，最新的eg. In recent years there have been great changes. 在最近几年有很大的变化。eg. What is the most recent news? 什么是最新的消息?eg. The photograph seemed quite recent. 这张照片看起来很新是最近照的。more recent; most recentdamage v. 损坏spoil v. 损坏，惯坏，宠坏damage v. 部分损坏destroy v. 毁坏，彻底损坏spoi
9、l1) 破坏eg. The rain spoiled our excursioniksk:n. 雨破坏了我们的远足计划。2) 腐烂eg. The fish has spoiled in the heated room. 鱼在很热的房间里已经腐烂了。3) 溺爱eg. Spare the rod and spoil the child. 孩子不打不成器；棍棒出孝子。damage n. U C1) 损失 Ua lot of damage 大量损失damage to sth 对的损失damage to the car 对车辆造成的损失damage to crops 对庄稼造成的损失damage to
10、ones reputation 对某人名声造成的损失2) damages 赔偿 Cv. 损坏1) 部分损坏break 打断cut 剪，砍，割crush kr 压坏，捣坏tear 撕stain stein 弄脏都包含在damage 范围之内2) 损害eg. Smoking can damage your health. 吸烟有害于你的健康。to damage relations between two countries 损害两国之间的关系to damage ones careerkri 损坏某人的职业damage ones good name 损害某人的好名声destroy v. 毁坏，粉碎（
11、希望，计划等）eg. The fire destroyed the whole forest. 大火毁灭了整个森林。eg. All my hopes were destroyed by his letter of refusal rifju:zl.我所有的希望被他的一封拒绝信毁灭了。key n.1) 琴键eg. She struck the keys too hard. 她过分用力敲击琴键。or: She hit the keys too hard.2) 钥匙the key to the door 这个门的钥匙the answer to the question 这个问题的答案the entr
12、ance to the hall 这个大厅的入口the train to London 开往伦敦的火车to表由此及彼的方向性adj. 关键的，主要的key structures 关键句型eg. Who is the key person in this class？谁是这个班里的关键人物？Every student. 人人都是。a key question 一个关键问题string n. （乐器的）弦1)细绳（比 cord 细，比thread粗）a piece of string 一条绳子a ball of string 一卷绳子2) （附在衣服等之上的）带子aproneiprn string
13、s 围裙带3) 弦乐器the strings弦乐器violin 小提琴mandolin ,mndln, mndln n.曼陀林(一种琵琶类乐器)cello tel 大提琴harp 竖琴viola vl 中提琴guitar it: 吉他contrabass kntrbeis 低音弦乐器都是弦乐器clavichord 古钢琴piano 钢琴organ :n 风琴harpsichord h:ps,k:d 大键琴都称为instrumentwoodwind wdwnd木管乐器brass 铜管乐器percussion pkn 打击乐器4) 一串.，一系列a string of necklace 一串项链a
14、 string of pearls 一串珍珠a string of visitors 一系列的来访者a string of wins 一系列的胜利tied to ones wifes apron strings （深受）妻子影响及控制harp on ones string 旧调重弹，老事重提have a person on a string （口）任意支配某人shock v.使.不悦或生气，震惊shocking adj.令人震惊的shocked adj.感到震惊的be surprised 对感到惊讶（中性）be shocked 震惊（贬）be astonished 目瞪口呆，傻了be surp
15、rised at/by sth 对.感到吃惊be shocked at/by sth 对感到震怒/震惊be astonished at/by sth 对.感到目瞪口呆surprise n.以surprise为例eg. Marys birthday is coming. Ill give her a surprise.玛丽的生日就要到了，我要给她一个惊奇。a surprise party 一个意外聚会to ones surprise 令某人吃惊的是allow lau v. 允许，让（非正式用语）permit pmit v.允许，让（法律条文规定，正式用语）permit pmit n. 通行证1)
16、 allow doing.允许做eg. We dont allow smoking. 我们不允许吸烟。2) allow sb to do sth 允许某人做某事eg. My mean boss doesnt allow me to use the telephone.我那个吝啬的老板不允许我使用电话。allow yourself to make mistakes 不要对自己太严格，要允许自己犯错误。3) 授与人.eg. He allows his son too much money. 他给儿子太多的钱。allowance launs n. 津贴；补助；零用钱(Am.)eg. make an
17、allowance of 5% for cash payment 付现金打9.5折make allowances for 考虑到touch v. 触摸touch-me-not 凤仙花forget-me-not 勿忘我eg. Dont touch me. 别碰我。eg. Dont touch that dish. Its very hot. 不要碰那只碟子，它很烫。vi.摸起来 （可以跟形容词）类似的词有：sound 听起来taste 尝起来look 看起来The desk touches smooth. 这桌子摸起来很光滑。The fish smells good. 这鱼闻起来很好。The s
18、tory sounds interesting. 这故事听起来令人感兴趣。touched/moved/excited 感动的（主语多是人）touching/moving/exciting 令人感动的（主语多是物）touch stone 试金石a near touch 千钧一发in touch 保持联系out of touch 失去联系二、关键句型Key Structures被动语态l、构成：由系动词be+过去分词构成，时态通过be表现出来。一般过去时：例：People make history. 人民创造历史。History is made by the people. 历史被人民创造。注意：
19、过去分词的过去分词的不规则变化例: They completed the building last year.他们去年建完这幢大楼。When was the building completed?这幢楼什么时候被建成的？例： They won t allow you to take so much luggage with you.他们不会允许你随身带这么多行李的。You wont be allowed to take so much luggage with you.你不会被允许随身带这么多行李的。现在进行时：例： They are building a new railway.他们正在建
20、造一条新铁路。A new railway is being built. 一条新的铁路正在被修建。过去进行时：例：They were widening the roads. 他们正在拓宽马路。The roads were being widened. 马路正在被拓宽。现在完成时：例: They have redesigned the aircraft.他们已经重新设计了飞机。The aircraft has been redesigned. 飞机被重新设计了。过去完成时：例: The factory had reduced production costs.工厂已经降低了生产成本。Produc
21、tion costs had been greatly reduced.生产成本已经被降低。2、被动语态与主动语态的区分主动：施动者+谓语+受动者被动：受动者十be+v。过去分词十（by+施动者）一般而言，被动语态施动者无需说出，因为这种句式强调的是受动者。例: Prisoners of war built this bridge in 1942.战俘在1942年修建这座桥The bridge was built in 1942 (by prisoners of war).Exercisel) We have an old musical instrument. We call it a cl
22、avichord.我们有一个古乐器，我们把它叫做古钢琴。We have an old musical instrument. It is called a clavichord.我们有件古乐器，它被叫做古钢琴2) Someone made the machine in Germany in 1681.人于1681在德国制作了这架机器。The machine was made (by someone) in Germany in 1681.有人于1681在德国制作了这架机器。The machine was made (by someone) in Germany in 1681.3) a stu
23、dent-composed song 由学生所作曲的一首歌4) Everybody respected them at that time.那个时候每个人都很尊重他们。They were respected by everybody at that time.那时他们被每个人尊重。三、课文讲解TextWe have an old musical instrument.have 有，拥有eg. I have many friends.当有，拥有讲时，无被动态和进行时态have 是一个很活泼的词，有很多的意思have breakfasthave a fever 发烧have a good time
24、 玩得开心have a headache 头疼have a running nose 流鼻涕have a swollenswln face 脸浮肿have sth done 由别人做某事have something to do with 与有关系have nothing to do with 与没有关系have anything to do with 与有任何关系have to do sth 不得不做某事It is called a clavichord.变为主动语态为：We call it a clavichord.It was made in Germany in 1681.be made
25、 in + 地点 表示产地be made in + 时间 表示制作于某时be made of (a material) 用某种材料制作表示仍能看出原材料eg. The tea pot is made of silver. 这把茶壶是银制的。eg. be made from (one or a number of materials) 由某种或某些材料制成表示已经看不出原材料eg. Glass is made from sand and lime. 玻璃是由砂子和石灰制成的。eg. This sweater is made from wool. 这件毛衣是羊毛制成的。be made by sb
26、被.制造eg. This cake was made by my sister. 这只蛋糕是我姐姐制作的。be made for 为.做的eg. This cake was made for you. 这只蛋糕是为你制作的。Our clavichord is kept in the living room.living room 起居室 (room in a private house for general use during the daytime )sitting room (Br.) = living roomOur clavichord is kept in the living
27、room转变为主动语态:We keep our clavichord in the living room.We keep our clavichord in the living room. It has belonged to our family for a long time.belong to 属于（无被动）类似的词还有:happen 发生take place 发生have 有The instrument was bought by my grandfather many years ago.转变为主动语态：My grandfather bought it many years ag
28、o.Recently it was damaged by a visitor.主动态为：Recently a visitor damaged it.She tried to play jazz on it! She struck the keys too hard and two of the strings were broken. too 太，过多（贬）eg. You think too much. 你想得太多了。eg. You work too hard. 你工作太勤奋了。break-broke-brokenbreak vt.eg. She broke two strings. 她弄断两
29、根琴弦。eg. She fell and nearly broke her neck. 她摔倒，差点摔断脖子。broken adj. 断了的，破了的eg. The glass is broken. 玻璃碎了。Eg. The book is broken. 这书太破了。eg. The strings were broken. 琴弦断了。My father was shocked. Now we are not allowed to touch it.to touch it是主语补足语主动态为：Now my my father does not allow us to touch it.to to
30、uch it是宾语补足语It is being repaired by a friend of my fathers.主动态为：a friend of my fathers is repairing it.a friend of my fathers （双重所有格）还可替换成：one of my fathers friends我父亲的一个朋友eg. Tom lent me one of his books.汤姆借我一本书or: Tom lent me a book of his.汤姆借给我一本书eg. He is one of my friends.他是我的一个朋友or: He is a fr
31、iend of mine.Special Difficulties-makebe made in 表示制造于某地或某时be made of 表示能看出原材料be made from 表示看不出原材料made by sb 表示是谁制造的made for 为了谁而制造1) Is your watch made of gold?2) These knives were made in Sheffield efi:ld 设菲尔德(英国英格兰北部城市)?3) This cake was made from sugar, flour, butter and egg.双重所有格替换练习：eg. a frie
32、nd of my fathersor: one of my fathers friends我父亲的一个朋友。1) He borrowed one of my records.他借了我的一本磁带。He borrowed a record of mine.2) She showed me one of Johns pictures.他给我看强尼的一张照片。She showed me a picture of Johns.3) It was one of her ideas.这是他的一个主意。It was an idea of hers.4) One of your letters was foun
33、d on my desk.你的一封信在我桌子上被找到了。A letter of yours was found on my desk.5) Some of their friends came to see me.他们的一些朋友来看我。Some friends of theirs came to see me.四、练习 Exercisesl) We are not allowed to touch it. We _ touch it.我们不被允许碰它。A mustnt B mustnt to C haven t to D don t have to分析：B千万不要，后面只能加动词原形；C不合乎
34、语法；D合乎语法，但意思上不合乎题意：A不要做某事，干万不要做某平，合乎语法，含义也正确：答案是：A2) The visitor damaged it She _ it.客人弄坏了它，她弄坏了它A hurt B pained C broke D destroyed分析：A伤害，使伤心，一般指精神上的、情感上的或指对身体某一部位的伤害；B是疼痛，使痛苦；D毀坏，摧毁建筑物等；C打碎，损坏。答案是：C3) Recently it was damaged. She damaged it_最近它被弄坏了，她弄坏了它。A late B lastly C lately D finally分析：A迟，晚；
35、B最后； D最后，最终； C最近。答案是：C4) You have to pass the professional examinations to be _ to the society.你不得不通过社会所承认职业考试A allowed B permitted C admitted D submitted分析：A允许； B许可，允许，准许； C承认；D服从，顺从，提交，递交。答案是：C五、复习Review1. Key Structure:一般过去式的被动语态：Was/were十 v. ed例: This bridge was built in 1942.The bridge was buil
36、t in 1942. 这座桥在1942年被修建了。Main points:Music 音乐 classical music 古典音乐Folk music 民族音乐 country music 乡村音乐Pop(popular) music流行音乐 key to the door门的钥匙Key structure 关键句型E surprised at对感到惊讶（中性）Be shocked at 对感到震惊（贬）Be astonished 对感到目瞪口呆，傻了Be surprised at/by sth 对感到震惊Be shocked be astonished 对感到震惊Be astonished
37、 be astonished 对感到目瞪口呆Touch V. 触摸Touch smooth 摸起来很光滑You think too hard 你想的太多了Be broken 被弄断了，被弄折了Be made in 十地点表示产地+时间表示制作于某时Be made of 由什么做成（表示仍能看出原材料料）Be made from 表示已经看不出原材料Be made by sb 被所制造的A friend of mine 我的一个朋友One of my friends 我的一个朋友六、补充内容量词l)a layer of 层例: He wrapped each component on several layers ofof foam rubber.每个部件他都用几层泡沫橡胶包了起来。2)a lot of许多例: A lot of rain fell in Scotland last night.昨天晚上苏格兰下了许多雨。用法可修饰可数名词或不可数名词
