1、初中英语句子成分分析与讲解英语句子与汉语句子一样，都是由单词按照一定的规则所组成的。不同的词类在句中所起的作用是不同的。因此，只有搞清不同词类在句中可充当哪些成分，才能正确分析、理解句子的含义，并能准确地遣词造句，逐渐达到流利地说出地道的英语。【问】什么是句子成分?英语句子包含哪些成分?【答】组成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。它包括：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语和宾语补足语等。1.主语：是句子要说明的人或事物，是句子的主体，一般由名词、代词、数词、不定式或动名词等充当.位于动词之前The car is running fast.(名词)We are students.(代词)One of
2、my classmates is from Shanghai.(数词)Its bad manners to spit in public.(不定式)Eating too much is bad for your health.(动名词)【注意】若不定式短语作主语常用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语(不定式短语)放在句后。2.谓语：说明主语的动作或状态，也是句子的主体部分，一般由动词充当。动词分为实义动词、连系动词、情态动词和助动词。实义动词单独作谓语，连系动词与表语一起构成谓语，情态动词与省略to的不定式构成合成谓语，助动词与动词原形共同构成谓语部分。如：He works in a factor
3、y.(实义动词)I felt cold.(系动词+表语)How can I get to the station?(情态动词+实义动词)Do you speak English?(助动词+实义动词)They are working in a field.(助动词+实义动词)【注意】谓语与主语在人称与数方面要相互照应。3.宾语：是及物动词所涉及的对象 问什么 谁。如：He is doing his homework.(名词)They did nothing this morning.(代词)She wants to go home.(不定式)We enjoy playing football.(
4、动名词)【注意】有的动词可接双宾语，间接宾语指人，直接宾语指物。这类动词常见的有：give，buy，lend，pass， tell，leave等。如：He bought me a book.Pass me the ball，will you?(间宾+直宾)直接宾语一般放在间接宾语之后，但若把直接宾语放在前面，则要在间接宾语前加适当的介词如to或 for等。如：Han Chen lent some money to Li Hai.(直宾+间宾)Xiao Liu bought a dictionary for Tom.(直宾+间宾)4.定语：用于修饰名词或代词，一般由形容词、名词、数词、不定式等充
5、当。如：What a beautiful kite it is!(形容词)She is a chemistry teacher.(名词)There are two students in the classroom.(数词)We have something to do tomorrow.(不定式)The man in blue is my brother.(介词短语)【注意】定语一般位于被修饰词之前，但若修饰不定代词或不定式等短语作定语，则放在后面。5.状语：用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，一般由副词、介词短语、不定式短语或从句充当。.状语：用来修饰v., adj., adv., or 句
6、子。表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。I will go theretomorrow.The meeting will be heldin the meeting room.The meat went badbecause of the hot weather. Thank you very much.(副词)I get up at five in the morning.(介词短语)He is studying hard so as to catch up with others.(不定式短语)We were having breakfast when the tel
7、ephone rang.(从句)【注意】enough作状语只能放在被修饰词之后。如：He is old enough to go to school.6.表语：用于说明主语的身份、特征或感受，常用的连系动词有：be，look，get，sound(听起来)，feel，become， smell，turn，taste(尝起来)等。如：They are workers.(名词)Two and three is five.(数词)The story is very interesting.(形容词)M y job(工作)is teaching English.(动名词)She is at home.(
8、介词短语)I feel terrible.(形容词)The dish tastes delicious.(形容词)7.宾语补足语：用于补充说明宾语的动作或状态，一般位于宾语之后，宾语与宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语。需接复合宾语的动词有：tell，let，help，teach， ask，see，have，order，make等。“宾补”一般由不定式短语、分词、名词、形容词等充当。如：We elected him monitor.(名词)I found it difficult to learn English well.(形容词)The doctor told me to do more exer
9、cise.(不定式短语)He is going to have his hair cut.(过去分词)They saw a bird flying in the sky.(现在分词)一. 指出下列句中主语 The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom. There is an old man coming here. The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year. To do todays homework without the teache
10、rs help is very difficult.二. 选出句中谓语的中心词 I dont like the picture on the wall. A. dontB. like C. picture D. wall The days get longer and longer when summer comes. A. get B. longer C. days D. summer Do you usually go to school by bus? A. DoB. usually C. goD. bus There will be a meeting at the library t
11、his afternoon. A. will beB. meetingC. the libraryD. afternoon Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast? A.DidB.twinsC. have D. breakfast Tom didnt do his homework yesterday. A. TomB. didntC. do D. his homework What I want to tell you is this. A. wantB. to tell C. you D. is三. 挑出下列句中的宾语(若有直宾和间宾
12、请标出) My brother hasnt done his homework.AB CD People all over the world speak English. A B C You must pay good attention to your pronunciation.A B CMy mom gives me 5 yuan.A B C D Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you? A B C The old man sitting at the gate said he was
13、ill. A B C D四 挑出下列句中的表语 The old man is feeling very happy. A B C Why is he worried about Jim? A B C The leaves turn yellow. A B C五. 挑出下列句中的定语 They use Mr. Mrs. with the family name. A B C What is your given name?A B C On the third floor are Class 1 and Class 3. A B C The man downstairs was trying to
14、 sleep. A B C六. 挑出下列句中的宾语补足语 She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room. A B C He asked her to take the boy out of school. A B C She found it difficult to do the work. A B C They call me Lily sometimes. A B C I see Mr. Wang get on the bus.七.首字母填空：要求首先判断句子成分后，再判断词性，再来填写单词
15、。 I have many pen pals in many c 1 . Do you know the girl on the bike in the photo? She is one of my pen pals. H 2 name is Reiko. She is a J 3 student. We are the same a 4 13 years old. She l 5 in Tokyo. She has two brothers. They live with their p 6 .I like Reiko very much. But I dont know Japanese
16、, and Reiko doesnt k 7 Chinese, either. We know English, so we write to each other in English. And we also t 8 on the phone. My favorite subject is math. Her favorite subject is music. We have the same h 9 . We both like s 10 comedies, playing volleyball and eating hamburgers best. 1. c 2. H 3. J 4.
17、 a 5. l 6. p 7. k 8. t 9. h 10. s Drop a coin into a glass placed upside d 1 and transform（变）a finger ring into an intact （未触动的）egg, under the close and watchful eyes of the studio audience（观众）, leaving tens of thousands of viewers mesmerized（被吸引的）by his showmanship. This is one of the greatest perf
18、ormances at the 2009 CCTV Spring Festival gala. Almost everyone e 2 w 3 it very much. From then on, it t 4 magic（魔术）into a fad（时尚）among Chinese. Many people, including workers, engineers and many teenagers, become very i 5 in magic. They b 6 to learn it by t 7 or p 8 much money for their training cl
19、asses to learn it. “Im happy to see this enthusiasm（热情）, says Liu Qian, who showed the magic at the gala, “Magic has never been as socially acceptable（接受的）as in China now.” Liu Qian comes from Taiwan. He was born on June 25th, 1976. He is a charming magician star with cool, short s 9 hair. He v 10 many places in the world, shows his magic and wins many kinds of rewards（奖）of magic. He is considered as Chinas foremost magician of close-up magic. He also keeps his audience transfixed with his fit and never-ending jokes. 1. d 2. e 3. w 4. t 5. I 6. b 7. t 8. p 9. s 10. v
