1、模块五第二单元单词详解economy n C, U（金钱 力气 时间 资源等的）节省, 节约: practise economy 实行节约 economy class,经济舱（最低廉的客机舱位）U理财: political economy 政治经济学 domestic economy 国内经济 C (常作 the economy)（国家的）经济管理; 经济制度: The state of the economy is very worrying. 目前的经济状况令人十分担忧. economic adj 经济学的; 经济的: the governments economic policy 政府的
2、经济政策economic development 经济发展economic recovery 经济复苏economical adj 经济的; 节俭的; 省时间的; 节约的: an economical car to run节油汽车She is economical with/in her use of salt when cooking. 她烹饪时用盐很省.economics n sing v 经济学; 经济原则: the economics of publishing 出版的经济原则. economist n 经济学研究者; 经济学家debate n C, U (a)（正式的）辩论, 讨论（
3、如在公众集会或议会中, 常以表决结束）:to open the debate 开始辩论（第一个发言） under debate, 在辩论中(b)（一般性的）辩论, 讨论: We had long debates at college about politics. 我们上大学时曾长时间地辩论政治问题.Her resignation caused much public debate. 她辞职一事引起群众议论纷纷.debate v (about sth) 对（某事）进行辩论; 讨论（某事）: What are they debating (about)? 他们在辩论什麽? Were just d
4、ebating what to do next. 我们正讨论下一步该做什麽事. They debated closing the factory. 他们争论是否关闭工厂. 考虑（某事物）以决定: I debated it for a while, then decided not to go. 我反覆考虑後决定不去.Im debating where to go on holiday. 我在琢磨到何处度假.He debated buying a new car, but didnt in the end. 他思量很久是否买辆新汽车debater n 辩论的人，讨论者; 辩论家preservat
5、ion n U 保护; 维护; 保存; 保留; 保持: the preservation and conservation of wildlife 对野生动物的保护The aim of the policy is the preservation of peace. 这一政策旨在维护和平. 保存完好之程度: The paintings were in an excellent state of preservation. 这些画保存得非常好.preserve v (a) 保护, 维护（某事物）: preserve ones eyesight 保护视力a very well-preserved
6、man of eighty 一个保养得很好的八十老翁 Efforts to preserve the peace have failed. 维护和平的努力已经失败了. (b) sth (for sth) 保存或保留某事物: Few of the early manuscripts have been preserved. 早期的手稿保存下来的不多. (c) sb (from sb/sth)保护某人: The calm courage of the pilot preserved the lives of the passengers. 飞行员临危不惧的勇气保住了乘客们的生命. * God pr
7、eserve us! 上帝保佑我们吧! 使（某事物）不受损失; 保持: preserve her sense of humour 保持幽默感It is difficult to preserve ones self-respect in that job. 做那样的工作很难保持自尊. （用装瓶装罐 乾燥 冷冻等法）保存（食物）: Salt and spices help to preserve meat. 盐和调味品有助於保藏肉类. In the summer, large crops of fruit may be preserved by freezing or bottling. 夏天收
8、获的大量水果可冷藏或装瓶装罐加以保存. 尤用於被动语态禁止外人（捕猎等）; 将（土地 河流区段等）保留以供私用: The fishing in this stretch of the river is strictly preserved. 此段河流严禁外人捕鱼. preserve n 1 (a) C usu pl 经加工保存的水果: apricot preserves 杏脯. (b) U 果酱: strawberry preserve 草莓酱 2 C 专供私人行猎或捕鱼的保留区. 3 sing 被认为某人所专有的活动爱好等: She regards negotiating prices wi
9、th customers as her special preserve. 她把与顾客讨价还价看作自己的专长.preserver n 保护者;维护者; 保藏食品者; 防护用品; 私人保留地: a life-preserver 救生用品.preservative adj （用来）保护的, 保存的: Salt has a preservative effect on food. 盐对食物有防腐作用.preservative n C, U 保护剂; 防腐剂: food free from preservatives不含防腐剂的食品Preservative is usually added to ti
10、nned meat. 防腐剂通常加在肉类罐头里.awful adj 极坏的; 极讨厌的; 可怕的: an awful accident, experience, shock可怕的事故经历打击 很坏的; 糟透的: What awful weather! 多麽坏的天气! I feel awful. 我觉得难受极了.The film was awful. 那个电影糟透了. 作定语 极度的: Thats an awful lot of money. 那是很多很多钱哪. Im in an awful hurry to get to the bank. 我正急着去银行.awfully adv 很; 非常:
11、 awfully hot 热极了 awfully sorry 非常抱歉Its awfully kind of you. 多谢多谢. Im afraid Im awfully late. 我实在太迟了.Thanks awfully for the present. 万分感谢您的厚礼.poison n C, U 毒药; 毒物: rat poison 老鼠药 poison for killing weeds 除草剂 commit suicide by taking poison 服毒自杀 poison gas, 毒气 极糟的食物: Im not eating that poison! 我可不吃那种猪
12、食!poison v sb/sth (with sth) (a) 施毒於（某生物）; 用毒药毒死或毒害某人某物: His wife poisoned him with arsenic. 他妻子用砒霜把他毒死了. (b) 在某物中放毒: The chemical companies are poisoning our rivers with effluent. 这些化学公司排出废水污染着我们的河流. (a)（在道德上）败坏某事物; 腐化某事物: poison sbs mind with propaganda 通过宣传毒害某人的思想. (b) 使某事物受苦 受难 受罪等; 破坏或毁坏某事物: a
13、quarrel which poisoned our friendship 有损我们友谊的争吵an experience that poisons sbs life 使某人一生受害的经历. poison As mind against B 对A说B的坏话（通常指不实之词）poisoned adj 1（因伤口感染等）发炎的: a poisoned hand 发炎的手. 2 有毒的; 施过毒药的: a poisoned arrow 毒箭poisoner n 施毒者poisoning n C, U 施毒; 中毒: blood poisoning 血中毒poisonous adj 1 (a) 用毒物杀
14、敌或猎物的: poisonous snakes, insects, etc 毒蛇 有毒 的昆虫. (b) 引起中毒的: poisonous plants, chemicals 有毒的植物 化学物质. 2 (a) 败坏道德的: the poisonous doctrine of racialsuperiority 毒害良知的种族优越论. (b) 恶意的; 恶毒的: sb with a poisonous tongue言语恶毒的人poisonously adv.atmosphere n (a) the atmosphere 大气, 大气层（包围地球的气体）(b) 包围任何星球的气体: an atm
15、osphere that supports life 可以维持生命的气体. 某一地方的空气: The atmosphere is very stuffy in here 这里的空气很闷 气氛; 情绪: An atmosphere of tension filled the room. 屋子里笼罩着紧张的气氛. The atmosphere over dinner was warm and friendly. 用餐时洋溢着热情友好的气氛.atmospheric adj 大气的; 大气层的: unusual atmospheric conditions 异常的大气状态. 制造气氛的: atmosp
16、heric lighting 制造气氛的灯光.atmospheric pressure 大气压力flow v (pt, pp -ed) (a)（指液体）流动: Her tears flowed freely (down her cheeks). 她眼泪止不住地（顺着面颊）往下流. Most rivers flow into the sea. 江河大多流入海洋. Blood suddenly started flowing out. 突然流出血来. (b) 畅通无阻（尤指在封闭系统内）; 流通; 流传: Keep the traffic flowing. 保持交通畅通无阻.Blood flows
17、 round the body. 血液在体内循环. （指讲话或写作）流畅: Conversation flowed freely when the speaker invited discussion. 演讲人请大家讨论, 於是人人畅所欲言. 松散而无束缚地落下或垂下: Her hair flowed (down) over her shoulders. 她长发垂肩. (with sth) 有的是; 大量供应; 取之不尽: a land flowing with milk and honey 自然资源丰富的地方. （指海潮）涨, 涨潮: The tide began to flow and o
18、ur footprints were covered. 开始涨潮了, 潮水遮住了我们的脚印. flow in/into sth 不断涌入: Offers of help flowed into the office. 人们接连不断地向办事处表示愿意提供帮助. flow from sth 源於某事物;为某事物的结果: Many benefits will flow from this discovery. 这项发现将带来许多好处. flow out (of sth) 外流: Profits are flowing out of the country. 利润源源不断地流向国外. flow ove
19、r sb（某事）发生而不影响某人: Office politics just seem to flow over him. 同事之间互相倾轧 勾心斗角的事似乎并未波及到他.flow n (通常作单数) 1 (of sth/sb)（某事物某人的）流动（量）; 流量: a steady flow of traffic 川流不息的来往车辆 The government is trying to stop the increasing flow of refugees entering the country. 政府正在设法阻止越来越多的难民流入本国. 2 (of sth) 某事物的持续或连续供应（量
20、）: cut off the flow of oil 切断石油输送 the constant flow of information 源源不断的信息. 3 口若悬河; 滔滔不绝: I interrupted him while he was in full flow他正在高谈阔论, 我打断了他的话. 4 涨潮: the ebb and flow of the sea 海潮的涨落. addition n U 加（尤指计算两个或两个以上数目的总和）. C (to sth) 增加的人或事物: Theyve just had an addition to the family. 他们家里刚刚又添了一口
21、人（另一个孩子）. in addition (to sb/sth) 加之; 除.之外: In addition (to the names on the list) there are six other applicants. 除此（名单上的名字）之外, 还有六个申请人.additional adj 附加的; 另外的; 外加的: additional candidates, supplies 外加的候选人供应additionally adv.wipe v (a) sth (on sth); sth (down/over) 擦 拭或揩某物: wipe the dishes 把碟子擦乾 wipe
22、 the table 擦桌子 wipe ones eyes 擦乾眼泪(b) 用（布等）擦: wipe a damp sponge across ones face 用湿海绵擦脸(c) 搽（某物质）: Wipe the lotion onto your face. 你在脸上搽些护肤液 sth from/off sth; sth away/off/up 擦净或擦掉某物: wipe (away) the tears from ones eyes 擦（掉）眼泪wipe the writing from the blackboard 把黑板上的字擦掉*wipe (up) the spilt milk o
23、ff the floor 把洒在地板上的牛奶擦乾净Wipe that smile/grin/expression off your face! 别笑咧着嘴笑/做出那种表情! wipe the floor with sb（在辩论 竞赛等中）把某人打得一败涂地wipe sth off the face of the earth/off the map 彻底消除某事物 wipe the slate clean勾销过去的错误或过失; 重新开始 wipe sth out (a) 擦拭（盆 碗等）的内部: This vase wasnt wiped out properly before it was p
24、ut away. 这个花瓶没擦乾净就收起来了. (b) 除去或取消某事物: wipe out ones debts 还清债务(c) 彻底消灭或摧毁某事物: Whole villages were wiped out in the bombing raids. 整座整座的村庄都在轰炸中摧毁了. wiped out 精疲力竭的lay 1 v (pt, pp laid)(a) 将（某物某人）置於某位置或某物表面: lay the book on the table 把书放在桌上lay oneself down to sleep 躺下睡觉 He laid his hand on my shoulder
25、. 他把手放在我的肩上.(b)（为某目的）将（某物）摆放於适当位置: lay the table 摆设餐具准备吃饭 A (on/over B); B with A（在某物上）摊开某物; 用某物覆盖或附加一层某物: lay carpeting on the floor/lay the floor with carpeting 铺地毯 使（某人某事物）处於某状态或情况: lay sb under an obligation to do sth 使某人承担做某事的义务 使（某物）沉降, 安顿: sprinkle water to lay the dust 洒水使尘土落下. 使（某物）平顺或伏贴: u
26、sing hair cream to lay the hair sticking up at the back 用发乳把後面竖起的头发弄服帖. 使（某事物）减轻, 平息, 缓解: lay sbs fears, doubts, suspicions 消除某人的恐惧疑虑 怀疑不用於被动语态 sth (on sth) 就某事赌（钱）; 压（赌注）: How much did you lay on that race? 那场赛马你下了多少赌注?Ill lay you 5 that she wont come. 我看她不来了, 我愿跟你赌5英镑. 尤用於被动语态（指男子）与（某女子）性交; 肏: get
27、 laid 挨肏. （指鸟 虫等）产（卵）: The cuckoo lays its eggs in other birds nests. 杜鹃产卵. new-laid eggs at 90p a dozen 90便士一打的鲜蛋. (某些lay + n + prep/infinitive的组合, 其意义与该名词形式相关的动词相同, 如 lay the emphasis on certain points = emphasize certain points): lay stress on neatness 强调整齐Who should we lay the blame on? 我们该责备谁?
28、lay (ones) plans to do sth 计画做某事 lay it on (thick/with a trowel) 夸大地赞扬 恭维等: To call him a genius is laying it on a bit (too thick)! 把他称为天才是有点过分了. lay about one (with sth) 向四周挥打: As we approached her, she laid about her with a stick. 我们接近她时, 她就挥棒乱打. lay about sb/sth (with sth) 用言语或拳 棒等攻击某人某事物: She la
29、id about him, calling him a liar and a cheat. 她攻击他, 说他说谎 是个骗子.lay sth aside (a) 把某事物放在一边: I laid my book aside, turned off the light and went to sleep. 我把书放在一边, 关了灯睡觉. (b) 抛弃或放弃某事物: lay aside ones studies, ones responsibilities 放弃学业 责任. (c) (also lay sth by) 留存某物以备将来之用; 储存某物: lay some money aside fo
30、r ones old age 积钱防老.lay sth away 付定钱购某物, 俟货款付齐再行交货.lay sth down (a) 将（酒）贮存於地窖等: lay down claret 贮存乾红葡萄酒.(b)（开始）建造某物: lay down a new ship, railway track 建造新船 新铁路. (c) 停止行使某事物; 放弃某事物: lay down ones office, duties 放弃职务 中止义务. lay sth down; lay it down that. 制定规则原则等: You cant lay down hard and fast rules
31、. 规则不能定得太严太死.It is laid down that all applicants must sit a written exam. 根据规定, 申请者一律需经笔试.lay sth in 储备某物: lay in food, coal, supplies, etc 储存食物 煤 供应品等.lay into sb/sth 用言语或拳棒等猛烈攻击某人某事物: He really laid into her, saying she was arrogant and unfeeling. 他痛斥她, 说她傲慢又无情.lay off (sb) 不再做打扰人 讨人厌等的事: Lay off!
32、 Youre messing up my hair! 住手!你把我的头发都弄乱了! Lay off him! Cant you see hes badly hurt? 别碰他! 你没看见他伤得很厉害吗? lay off (sth) 不再做或使用有害的事物等: Ive smoked cigarettes for years, but now Im going to lay off (them).我抽烟很多年了, 现在打算戒了.You must lay off alcohol for a while. 在一段时期内你必须禁酒. lay sb off 解雇（工人）（通常为短期）: They were
33、 laid off because of the lack of new orders. 由於没有新的定货, 他们遭暂时解雇.lay sth on (a)（给住房等）供应（煤气水等）: We cant move in until the electricity has been laid on. 我们得等电源接通後才能搬进去. (b) (infml 口) provide sth; arrange sth 提供某事物; 安排某事物: lay on a party, show, trip 组织娱乐会 展览会 出游lay on food and drink 提供食物和饮料Sightseeing to
34、urs are laid on for visitors. 已为来访者安排了观光活动.lay sb out 打昏（某人）: The boxer was laid out in the fifth round. 那个拳击手在第五回合中被击昏在地. lay sth out (a) 展开某物（为备用或易见）: beautiful jewellery laid out in the shop window 陈列在橱窗里的漂亮珠宝(b) (常用於被动语态) 有计划地安排某事物: lay out a town, garden 设计城市 布置花园a well laid out magazine 设计得精美的
35、杂志. (c) 花 （钱）: I had to lay out a fortune on that car. 我得为那辆汽车花上一大笔钱. lay over 旅途中停留: We laid over in Arizona on the way to California. 我们在赴加利福尼亚州途中曾在亚利桑那州停留. lay sb up (通常用於被动语态) 使某人卧床不能工作等: Shes laid up with a broken leg. 她因腿伤卧床. Ive been laid up with flu for a week. 我患流感已在家休息一个星期了. lay sth up (a)
36、 保留某物; 储存某物: lay up supplies, fuel, etc 储备供应品 燃料等. (b) 将（车 船等）搁置不用: My cars laid up at the moment. 我的汽车闲着没用. lay sth up (for oneself)（自）找麻烦: Youre only laying up trouble (for yourself) by not mending that roof now. 你不趁现在修理房顶将来给自己找麻烦.lay-off n (a) 解雇工人（通常为短期）: many lay-offs among factory workers 工人中许
37、多暂遭解雇的人. (b) period of this 暂时解雇期: a long lay-off over the winter 长达一冬的暂时解雇.layout n 安排; 设计; 布局; 编排: the layout of rooms in a building 建筑物内房间的布局lay-over n 旅途中的短期停留 lay 2 adj 作定语 非神职的: a lay preacher 非神职的讲道者. (a) 非专业的; 外行的: lay opinion 外行的竟见 speaking as a lay person 说外行话. (b) 不合职业资格的（尤指在法律或医学方面）.laym
38、an n (pl -men) 1 外行; 门外汉: a book written for professionals and laymen alike 为专业人员和外行人写的书. 2 普通教徒（有别於神职人员）figure 1 n C (a) 数字（尤指0至9）: Write the figure 7 for me. 给我写个7字. He has an income of six figures/a six-figure income. 他有六位数字的收入. (b) (通常作单数) 金额; 价格: We bought the house at a high/low figure. 我们以高低价
39、买下了那所房子. C (a) 图解; 图表: The figure on page 22 shows a political map of Africa. 第22页的插图是非洲的政区图. (b) 几何图形. C 装饰性的图案或系列动作: figure-skating 花样滑冰. The skater executed a perfect set of figures. 那个滑冰的人做出了一套完美的花样动作. C（绘画等中的）人或动物的像, 画像, 肖像: The central figure in the painting is the artists daughter. 画中间的那个人是画家
40、的女儿. C 身材; （尤指）体态, 相貌: have a good figure 身材苗条 Im dieting to keep my figure. 我正在节食以保持身材不变（不发胖）.I saw a figure approaching in the darkness. 我看见黑暗中有个人影走近. He was once a leading figure in the community, but now he has become a figure of fun. 他原是该社区的头面人物, 但现在成了人们取笑的对象. Shes a fine figure of a woman. 她身材
41、苗条. figures pl 算术: Are you good at figures? 你的算术好吗? cut a fine, poor, sorry, etc figure 出众 出丑 出洋相等. facts and figures = fact. put a figure on sth 报价; 确定某物的数量: Its impossible to put a figure on the number of homeless after the flood. 水灾过後无家可归的人不计其数. in round figures/numbers = round1. single figures =
42、 single.figure of speech 比喻: 我不是说她真在外层空间-这只是打个比方.I didnt really mean she was in outer space its just a figure of speech. figure 2 v (in sth) 出现或被提及（尤指引人注目的）: a character that figures in many of her novels 在她多部小说中出现的一个人物(a) 想（某事物）; 估计: I figured (that) you wouldnt come. 我料想你不会来.(b) (与it或that连用) 有可能;
43、可以理解: John isnt here today.That figures, he looked very unwell yesterday.约翰今天没来.怪不得, 他昨天就好像不太舒服. figure sth in 将某事物包括在内; 计算在内: Have you figured in the cost of food for our holiday? 你把度假的食物费用计算进去了吗? figure on sth 计画; 指望: I figure on being in New York in January. 我计画一月份在纽约. figure sb/sth out (a) 理解某人某
44、事物; 弄明白: Ive never been able to figure him out. 我一直不能理解他. I cant figure out why he quit his job. 我琢磨不透他为什麽要辞掉工作.Have you figured out whats wrong with your car?你找出你汽车的毛病了吗? (b) 演算出; 计算出: Have you figured out how much the holiday will cost? 你算出假期得花多少钱了吗?approach v （在空间或时间上）接近, 靠近（某人某事物）: The time is a
45、pproaching when we must think about buying a new house. 我们要想一想买新房子的事了, 时机即将来临. As you approach the town the first building you see is the church. 接近那座城镇的时候, 首先看到的就是教堂. （在性质或特点上）接近（某人某事物）: Few writers even begin to approach Shakespearesgreatness. 莎士比亚的伟大, 鲜有作家能望其项背. （为求助或提供某事物）接近（某人）: approach ones b
46、ank manager for a loan 找银行经理寻求贷款I find him difficult to approach. 我觉得他很难接近（不好谈话）. 着手处理（事务 难题等）: 要想解决这一难题, 咱们先来考虑一下如何着手方为上策.Before trying to solve the puzzle, let us consider the best way to approach it. approach n 1 接近: Heavy footsteps signalled the teachers approach. 沉重的脚步声显示教师已经走近了. At her approach the children ran off. 她走近的时候, 孩子们都跑了. 2 C to sth 性质或特点相似的事物: Thats the nearest approach to a smile he ever makes. 那已算是他能做出的最近乎微笑的表示了. 3 C 通路; 进路; 道路: All the approaches to the palace were guarded by troops. 通往宫殿的所有道路都有部队把守. 4 C 方法; 手段: a new a
