1、A guide to English-speaking countries各位老师：关于该各位老师：关于该PPT有一下几点说明有一下几点说明 目录中的此图片为目录中的此图片为到此章节的链接到此章节的链接2.PPT中很多地方没有制作动画效果，大家根据讲课需要和习惯自己修改。中很多地方没有制作动画效果，大家根据讲课需要和习惯自己修改。3.PPT中没有制作练习题内容。请也请根据讲课内容进度自己制作。中没有制作练习题内容。请也请根据讲课内容进度自己制作。4.英国与欧洲当前的关系（脱欧），以及对其经济的影响未制作在内，大家英国与欧洲当前的关系（脱欧），以及对其经济的影响未制作在内，大家自行决定是否加入讲
2、解。自行决定是否加入讲解。*英语国家概况英语国家概况The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland*Economy*I.Recent History of British Economy II.Current British EconomyContentBack*III.Recent History of British EconomyBackEconomic DeclineAfter World War II,the British economy experienced a period of great difficult
3、y and relative economic decline.Causesv two World Wars great economic loss v the era of the British Empire was over decolonization (losses of raw material&market)v military expenditure overseas locations;financial contribution to NATO and U.N.Security Council*III.Recent History of British EconomyBac
4、kPolicies“mixed economy”-an economy in which there is some public ownership as well as privately owned business.During the 20th century the government has become involved in the economy through introduction of social welfare policies and laws to regulate industrial relations.*III.Recent History of B
5、ritish EconomyBack1945-1979Polices:Drastic reforms Nationalization of industriesResult:Although the government changed from one party to another,the economy remained stagnant.Britains economic growth fell behind that of other European countries.inflation 通货膨胀通货膨胀trade deficit 财政赤字财政赤字unemployment 失业
6、失业the fall of the pound 英镑贬值英镑贬值*III.Recent History of British EconomyBack1979-1997Polices:Radical economic reformPrivatized state-owned industries.Promoted a more competitive spirit in the British economy.Social welfare(reduced old age pensions,shortened the period of unemployment benefits,cut chil
7、d benefits)“In politics if you want anything said,ask a man.If you want anything done,ask a woman.”Margaret Hilda Thatcher(1925-2013)Term of office:1979-1990Result:the positive aspect:Inflation came under control.Business profits increased.the negative aspect:Economy still grew at lower rate.A rapid
8、 increase in unemploymentMrs.Thatcher and her polices were and remain highly controversial.*III.Recent History of British EconomyBack1997Polices:The Third WayMade the Bank of England independent.Emphasized on the minimum wage and supplementing low incomes Emphasized individual responsibility“Leaders
9、 are ordinary human beings in extraordinary positions”Result:Limited government spendingKept inflation under controlReduced unemployment By the end of the 20th century,British economic growth surpassed that of other major European countries.Tony BlairTerm of office:1997-2007*II.I.AgricultureI II.II.
10、Energy ProductionII II.III.Manufacturing IndustryIIIII.Current British EconomyBack II.IV.Service Industry*IIII.Current British EconomyBackAgricultureCharacteristics:Small proportion of the population engaged in agricultureHigh degree of mechanizationMild climateProducing only about 60%of the food co
11、nsumesAbout 70%of the countrys land is devoted to agriculture,with two-thirds of it reserved for stock raising.Different areas:Upland area:sheep farmingFlat area:crop productionWet and warm area:milk and beef production*IIII.Current British EconomyAgricultureAgricultural products:Crops:wheat,barley,
12、sugar beet,potatoesDairy farmingWorlds leading exporter of cattle,sheep,pigs and horsesA large ocean fishing fleet.Fishing industry fulfills two-thirds of Britains demand for fish.Back*IIII.Current British EconomyEnergy ProductionCoal mining industryA traditional energy industryRio Tinto Group(力拓集团）
13、力拓集团）Britains oil industryA relatively new industry.In 1975,oil first came ashore from the North Sea.The worlds 9th largest oil producerShell(壳牌集团壳牌集团),British Petroleum(BP),British Gas(BG)Nuclear powerFirst nuclear power station 1956One of the worlds nuclear powers16 nuclear power plantsBack*1.Busi
14、ness servicesIIII.Current British EconomyManufacturing Industry2.Retail3.ManufacturingBritish companies are active in all major fields of the manufacturing industries,but are particularly strong in pharmaceuticals,chemicals,aerospace,food and drink.Back*FinanceIIII.Current British EconomyService Ind
15、ustryLondon:known as the worlds leading international financial centerover 550 international banks and 170 global securities houses have offices in London.The Bank of Englandthe central bank of the UK,working close contact with the government.controls the monetary policy and give directives to comme
16、rcial banks.The London foreign exchange market one of the largest centers for trading stocks and bonds.the most international of all the worlds stock exchanges.Back*TourismIIII.Current British EconomyService IndustryTourism is one of the largest industries in Britain.More than 25 million people visi
17、t the country every year from all over the world.The U.K.has much to offer:Countryside viewsWonderful coastLakesCastlesUniversity townsOne of the worlds largest centers for international conferences.Back*Foreign TradeIIII.Current British EconomyService IndustryThe principle exported goods:manufactured goods,mineral fuels,chemicals,foodstuffs,beverages and tobaccoThe major export partners:Germany,the U.S.,the Netherlands,FranceThe main imports:manufactured goods,machinery,fuels,foodstuffsThe most important import partners:Germany,China,the Netherlands,the U.S.Back*
