1、 Sports and Scenic Spots in America2American FootballAmerican Football three seasons-preseason(during the late summer)前赛季（夏末）-regular season(during fall)正规赛季（秋季）-post-season/play off time(during the winter until late in January)后赛季或超级锦标赛（冬季至一月）34567Super bowl(美国超级职业橄榄球赛)It is the name of final match
2、 of American Football,which decides the champion team for the year.There are 24 teams divided into two conferences,the American Football Conference(AFC)(美国橄榄球协会)and the National Football Conference(NFC)(全国橄榄球协会)8Pontiac Silverdome(庞蒂亚克银顶体育场)in Michigan is the largest stadium today in the world.9How
3、the Game is playedHow the Game is playedIn playing football,the team having possession of the ball is the offensive(攻方)whose objective is to advance the ball over the defensives(守方)goal line(球门线，禁区).touchdown(美橄攻方持球,触地得分,达阵)is a term in American football.When the offensive team runs or passes the ba
4、ll over the opponents goal line(球门线，禁区),this is called a touchdown and will score 6 points.10When defensive players try to stop the player with the ball,this is called a tackle(擒抱)When either team calls for a stop,this is called time out(暂停).11美式橄榄球起源于英式足球和英式橄榄球。麦基尔大学与哈佛大学之间的第一场橄榄球比赛採取的就是英式橄榄球规则。NFL
5、(国家橄榄球联盟)创立于 1920 年。1960 年，“美国橄榄球联盟”(AFL)成立，同国家橄榄球联盟争夺市场。1966 年，AFL 与 NFL 签署了一份协定，将两个联盟于1970年正式合并为NFL，并于1967年开始双方的冠军总决赛。1967 年，在洛杉矶市举行了第一场“AFL-NFL 总冠军赛”。1969 年，该比赛被冠名为“超级碗”。12超级腕胜利的球队即当年 NFL 的总冠军。这场决赛通常在一月的最后一个周日或二月的头一个周日举行。获胜球队将获得“文斯隆巴迪”奖座，这个奖座是以着著名的教练隆巴迪命名的，他曾带领绿湾包装工球队获得了第一届和第二届的超级碗总冠军。获胜球队中的每一位球员
6、都将得到一枚超级碗冠军戒指。如今超级腕的球迷已遍布 175个国家。超级碗比赛也成为美国一亿三千万电视观众的关注焦点。在超级碗星期日这一天，美国的食品销量超过了除圣诞节和感恩节以外的其他任何一天。13超级腕：爱国者超级腕：爱国者24-2124-21击败老鹰击败老鹰 14 Baseball(Baseball(棒球棒球)It is still the great American game,even though many other countries are deeply involved with the game.The largest baseball stadium is the hom
7、e field of the California Angels(加州天使队),Anaheim Stadium(阿纳海姆体育场)It can be watched in a more relaxed and lazy way.15161718Great changes in the game after World War II.1)the demolition of the color barrier(打破肤色限制),starting with the hiring of the superb athlete,African-American Jackie Robinson(杰克鲁宾逊),b
8、y Brooklyn Dodgers(布鲁克林道奇队)manager Branch Rickey(布里奇里基)2)Improved transportation led to the wider distribution of teams19The baseball seasons:Spring training in February at places such as Florida and Arizona.Regular season:the beginning of April OctoberThe World Series between the leading teams in t
9、heir respective leagues:in the latter of October.The best 4 out of 7 games determines the annual Worlds(sic)Champions and marks the end of the baseball season.20The Black Sox scandal of 1919(“黑袜”丑闻)was a scandal in 1919 when betting on baseball games became popular.The players of Boston Red Sox were
10、 bribed by big money gamblers to affect the outcome of a game.(波士顿红袜队队员受大赌徒的贿赂打假球，影响比赛结果)21Baseball is a game between two teams of 9 players each,under direction of a manager,played on an enclosed field in accordance with these rules,under jurisdiction of one or more umpires.22The objective of each
11、team is to win by scoring more runs than the opponent.The pitcher(投球手)the person of the defensive team who throws the ball The batter(击球手)the person of the offensive team who attempts to hit the ball23Home run(本垒打)is a term in baseball.When a batter(击球手)hits the ball out of the ballpark(棒球场),he has
12、hit a homerun;he trots(小跑)around all the base and touches home plate(本垒)to score.*Ronald Reagan used to be a sports radio announcer.24BasketballBasketballJames Naismith(詹姆斯奈史密斯)was a Canadian-born physical education teacher in Massachusetts,who is remembered for inventing basketball game in 1891.The
13、 game was initially designed as an indoor sports activity during the snowy winter months when outdoor fields could not be used.25NBA(NBA(美国职业篮球联赛美国职业篮球联赛)It stands for National Basketball Association.Founded in 1950,it is the association of professional teams in the US.It has two divisions:the Easte
14、rn Division(东部赛区)and Western Division(西部赛区).The time within which a team has to score is called shot clock(计时钟)26Larry Bird(拉里伯德)was the leading player of Boston Celtics(波士顿凯尔特队)Magic Johnson(魔术师约翰逊)was the leading player of Los Angeles Lakers(洛杉机湖人队)27Phil Jackson guided the Chicago Bulls to six NB
15、A championships in his 9 years as head coach(主教练).Yao Ming is the leading players of Rockets(火箭队)Tim Duncan(邓肯)and Tony Parker(托尼帕克)from France are leading players of San Antonio Spurs(马刺队)28约翰逊与乔丹约翰逊与乔丹2930Other sports activitiesOther sports activities ice hockey（冰球）,track and field（田经）,tennis，rack
16、et ball（墙网球）,volleyball,field hockey（曲棍球），lacrosse（兜网球,长曲棍球）,soccer,golf,bowling,wrestling,boxing31323334Scenic SportsScenic SportsThe Grand Canyon National Park(大峡谷国家公园大峡谷国家公园)is Americas most famous scenic wonder.It is a huge gorge(峡谷峡谷)slowly carved away(雕琢雕琢)for nearly 6 million years by the wat
17、ers of the Colorado River（科罗拉多河）（科罗拉多河）.The canyon is so deep that there are 4 distinctive zones of climate（不同的气候带）（不同的气候带）from top to bottom.Located in north-west of Arizona（亚利桑那州（亚利桑那州),it attracts over 4 million visitors each year.The Park was established in 1908 by President Theodore Roosevelt.3
18、5大峡谷国家公园3637383940To the east of the Grand Canyon National,the Painted Desert National Park(彩色沙漠国家公园)is located in the mid-north of Arizona,which is famous for multicolored hills(多彩的沙丘).Within it,there is the Petrified Forest(石化森林国家公园),a field of fallen trees that have turned to stone by a process o
19、f mineralization(矿化)known as petrifaction（石化）41彩色沙漠国家公园彩色沙漠国家公园4243To the south of the Grand Canyon National,there is the Sunset Crater Volcano National Park(落日火山口国家公园)*To the west of the Grand Canyon National,there is Hoover Dam(胡佛水坝)and the lake behind it,Lake Mead(米德湖).Hoover Dam is a major hydro
20、electric power supplier and is named after President Herbert Hoover.4445To the north of the Grand Canyon National,the desert areas of Nevada(内华达州)and the mountains and streams of southwestern(来自西南德)Colorado are beautiful.46To the far north of the Grand Canyon National,near the Canadian border is Yel
21、lowstone National park(黄石国家公园,大部分位于怀俄明州西北部),which was established in 1872,and is the oldest and one of the largest national parks in the US.It is named after the river that flows through the area.It is known for its geysers(间歇泉)and hot springs.One of the most famous of the geysers is the Old Faithfu
22、l(老忠实泉).47黄石国家公园黄石国家公园484950To the south of the Yellowstone National park is Grand Teton National Park(大蒂顿国家公园,位于怀俄明州西北部Wyoming),which is famous for glaciers.*Not too far away is Dinosaur National Monument(国家恐龙化石保护区，位于科罗拉多州西北和犹他州东北Utah)51The Rocky Mountains(落基山脉落基山脉)-the main mountain range in the w
23、est of US stretching from the Canadian border to New Mexico(美国新墨西哥州).52-Yosemite National Park(约瑟米蒂国家公园)has a spectacular scenery of valleys carved out by glaciers53545556Disneyland is Americas most well-known amusement park.It was founded by and named after the movie and cartoon producer Walter Dis
24、ney.The older park(Disneyland)was located in Los Angeles,California;the other one(Disneyworld)was in Orlando(奥兰多),Florida.Hollywood,where most of Americas movies are made,near the city of Los Angles in South California57DisneylandDisneyland58MiddleMiddleThe National Monument(国家纪念碑国家纪念碑)is an unusual
25、 artistic project four enormous portraits of American Presidents:George Washington,Thomas Jefferson,Abraham Lincoln,and Theodore Roosevelt,are sculpted on Mt Rushmore(拉什莫尔山)in the southeast of State of South Dakota.(南达科他州西南).596061To the south,flowing down to the Gulf of Mexico,is the Mississippi Ri
26、ver,whose shores are dotted with famous American twin cities.Among these cities,New Orleans and Baton Rouge are surrounded by the vestige of the old Southern plantations(南方种植园的遗址)62 Southeastern tip of Southeastern tip of U.S U.S Florida FloridaThe Everglades（大沼泽地)is a huge subtropical(亚热带的)wetlands
27、(潮湿的土壤,沼泽地)located at he south of Florida.It contains a motley(混杂的)collection of wildlife including reptiles(爬虫)such as alligators（产于美洲的鳄鱼 and snakes and varieties of plant life and over 400 species（物种，种类）of birds.63-The southern part is the Everglades National Park(大沼泽地国家公园)-Stretching south of Mia
28、mi towards Cuba is a chain of islands called the Florida Keys(佛罗里达群岛).The farthest island is Key West(基为斯特)，a favorite summer resort for US President Harry Truman,and the site of home of novelist Ernest Hemingway646566The northeastThe northeast-Outer Banks(外滩群岛)along the coast of North Carolina(北卡罗来
29、纳州)-one of the beach communities from Outer Banks to New York City is Atlantic City in New Jersey,which used to be a quiet town;but now is the site of legalized gambling.-Cape Cod(科德角)in Massachusetts，the enormous peninsula shaped like a flexed arm that juts out(突出，伸出)into the Atlantic Ocean 6768Nia
30、gara Falls(尼亚加拉大瀑布)are a group of awesome(引起敬畏的)waterfalls on the US-Canada border.The torrent(急流)falls over a precipice（悬崖）for a distance of 55 meters and makes roaring(咆哮,怒吼)sound.There are two sections of falls:the larger section located in Canada is called the Horseshoe Falls;the smaller section in the US is called the American falls.The boat“the Maid of Mist”(水雾少女)takes visitors to the very base of the Niagara Falls.697071
