1、*deals with semantic opposition语义对立 Definition Words that are opposite in meaning（P131，para 2，line1）*Six Classes 1）contradictory terms矛盾=2）contrary terms对立 3）relative terms关系 4）reverse terms逆反=converses逆反反义词 5）contrasted terms对比 6）incompatibles互斥*Antonymy反义词Complementaries互补反义Contraries相对反义Converses
2、逆反反义*I.Complementaries互补反义词 Definition truly represent oppositeness of meaning.意义的对立 Two Characteristics（1）The assertion of one is the denial of the other 非此即彼非此即彼（2）Nongradable无等级性无等级性*1）The assertion of one is the denial of the other 非此即彼非此即彼.there is no middle ground between them.e.g.Alivedead He
3、 is alive=He is not dead He is dead=He is not alive malefemale boygirl presentabsent truefalsesamedifferent imperfectperfectA B半死不活？半死不活？*2）Nongradable无等级无等级 cannot be used in comparative比较级比较级 or superlative最高级最高级 degrees e.g.He is more dead.()He is the most single.()cannot be modified by adverbs o
4、f intensity程度副词程度副词 like very e.g.He is very/extremely single()*II.Contraries 相对反义词（gradable antonymys 等级性反义词）a scale running between two poles or extremes在两极中间游动的标尺 Three characteristics Gradable等级性等级性 Relative相对相对&Subjective主观主观 Middle ground中间状态中间状态*1、Gradable等级性等级性the members of a pair differ in
5、 terms of degree.The denial of one is not necessarily the assertion of the other.excellent good bad terrible So,these words can be 1.used in comparative and superlative degrees 2.modified by adverbs of intensity like very e.g.A man is very rich.A man is richer than the other.*2.Relative&Subjectivee.
6、g.Sues house is big and Marys house is small.Sues house is bigger than Marys.Annes house is big and Sues house is small.Annes house is bigger than Sues.SueMaryAnne Relative相对相对*Subjective主观主观However,we can also say that “Marys house is relatively big now than before,considering the fact that that th
7、ere are fewer people living with her.”主观上Mary觉得房子更大了，因为住的人少了。2.Relative&Subjective*3.Middle ground中间状态中间状态 Adj.old middle-aged young open ajar半掩 close rich well-to-do小康 poor hot warm cool cold beautiful good-looking plain平常 ugly Verb Love hate attachment liking indifference antipathy 依恋 喜欢 漠不关心 反感*C
8、onverse是什么？*匡匡威？威？鞋鞋子？子？*Converse不仅仅是匡威不仅仅是匡威更是更是逆反反义词逆反反义词*III.Converses 逆反反义词Two kinds（1）Relational opposites关系反义词关系反义词 （2 2）Reverse terms 逆反词逆反词*1.Relational opposites关系反义词关系反义词 The pairs of words indicate such a reciprocal social relationship社会关系社会关系 that one of them cannot be used without sugge
9、sting the other.相互依存e.g.parentchild husbandwife predecessor前任successor继任 employeremployee guesthost *2.Reverse terms逆反词逆反词 This type also includes,which comprise adj.and adv.signifying a quality or verbs and nouns signifying an act or state that reverse the quality,action or state of the other.e.g.s
10、ellbuy A sells sth.to B =B buys it from A B buys sth.from A=A sells it to B givereceive A gives a gift to B=B receives it from A B receives a gift from A=A gives it to B Two words of each pair are interdependent 相互依存相互依存and presupposing the other互为前提互为前提*Distinguish:Converses逆反逆反&Complementaries互补互补 Converses relational相互关系相互关系 e.g.X is husband X is wife Complementaries the assertion of one is the denial of the other非此非此即彼即彼 e.g.X is a man.=X is not a woman.*Thank you！*
