1、指出下列分词在句中充当什么成分指出下列分词在句中充当什么成分1.a running man,a walking boy,developing countries,developed countries,falling leaves,fallen leaves 2.I heard the girl singing in the classroom.I often heard the song sung by her.3.The programme for the weekend looks exciting.I am very excited about it.4.Seeing his moth
2、er,the baby stopped crying.Seen from the space,the earth looks blue.过去分词只有一种形式，即过去分词只有一种形式，即_done1.分词作定语分词作定语1).The building _(正在正在建的建的)now is for the teachers.The building _(去年建好了的去年建好了的)last year is for the teachers.The building _(明年将明年将建的建的)next year is for the teachers.2).I have never seen a mor
3、e _(感人的感人的)movie.being builtbuiltto be builtmoving考点一：分词的功能考点一：分词的功能3)._(沸腾的水沸腾的水)water;_(烧开过的水烧开过的水)water _(正在下落的叶子正在下落的叶子)leaves;_(已经落下的叶子已经落下的叶子)leaves小结：当被修饰的名词与分词之间为主动关小结：当被修饰的名词与分词之间为主动关系时，用系时，用_；当被修饰的名词与分词；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表正在进行时，用之间为被动关系且表正在进行时，用_；当被修饰的名词与分词之间；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表完成时，用为被动关系且
4、表完成时，用_；当被；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表将来修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表将来时，用时，用_；不及物动词的现在分；不及物动词的现在分词表示词表示_，过去分词表示，过去分词表示_。boilingboiledfallingfallendoingbeing donedoneto be done正在进行正在进行已经完成已经完成题组训练：题组训练：Do you know the boy _(lie)under the big tree?Many feared that Columbus would fall off the edge of the earth,_(believe)
5、to be flat.The speech which he made _(concern)the football match bored a lot of fans to death.If the building project _(complete)by the end of this month is delayed,the construction company will be fined.lyingbelievedconcerningto be completed2.分词作表语分词作表语1).This is a most _ story and we all feel _ by
6、 it(move).2).He proves to be a _ boy and his parents are both _ with him.(disappoint)3).His _(excite)look on his face suggested that he won the game.小结：分词作表语表主语特征或性质相当小结：分词作表语表主语特征或性质相当于形容词，现在分词作表语主语多为于形容词，现在分词作表语主语多为_，意思是意思是_；过去分词作表语主语；过去分词作表语主语多为多为_，意思是，意思是_。movingmoveddisappointingdisappointedexc
7、ited物物令人令人的的人或表情人或表情感到感到的的3.分词作宾补分词作宾补1).I heard her _(sing)an English song just now.I heard her _(sing)an English song when I passed by her room yesterday.I heard an English song _(sing)by a little girl when I passed by her room yesterday.I often heard the English song _(sing)by the little girl.sin
8、gsingingbeing sungsung小结小结1)：现在分词作宾补，表：现在分词作宾补，表_；过去分词作宾补，；过去分词作宾补，表表_或或_；不定式作宾补表不定式作宾补表_；表；表被动且正在进行时，用被动且正在进行时，用_作宾补。作宾补。主动，正在进行主动，正在进行被动，完成被动，完成没有一定的时间性没有一定的时间性主动，完成主动，完成being done2).I looked down at my neck and found my necklace _(go).I was surprised to find my hometown _(change)so much.小结小结2)：不及
9、物动词的过去分词作宾补，：不及物动词的过去分词作宾补，只表只表_或或_。gonechanged状态完成状态完成3）I smell something _ in the kitchen.Can I call you back in a minute?（2007全国卷全国卷I）A.burning B.burnt C.being burnt D.to be burntAfter a knock at the door,the child heard his mothers voice _ him.（2007上海卷）上海卷）A.calling B.called C.being called D.to
10、callAA小结小结3）：能跟现在分词作宾语补足语）：能跟现在分词作宾语补足语的常见动词有：的常见动词有：“三让、三看、两听、三让、三看、两听、一注意、一发现、一感觉一注意、一发现、一感觉”。三让三让:_;三看三看:_;两听两听:_;一注意一注意:_;一发现一发现:_;一感觉一感觉:_。have,keep,leave look at,see,watch hear,listen to noticefind feel 题组训练题组训练;At the moment I saw him _(cross)the road.I was glad to see the children well _(tak
11、e)care of.A cook will be immediately fired if he is found _(smoke)in the kitchen.crossing takensmoking 4.分词作状语分词作状语1.作时间状语作时间状语 -ing短语作时间状语要置于短语作时间状语要置于句首句首。1）When they heard the bad news,they couldnt help crying.=(When)_ the bad news,they couldnt help crying.2)After I had received his letter,I deci
12、ded to write back.=_ his letter,I decided to write back.HearingHaving received2.作原因状语作原因状语-ing短语作原因状语置于短语作原因状语置于句首。句首。1)Because he was so angry,he couldnt go to sleep.=_so angry,he couldnt go to sleep.2)Because(As)he had been to the Great Wall many times,he didnt go last week.=_the Great Wall many t
13、imes,he didnt go last week.BeingHaving been to3.作条件状语作条件状语-ing作条件状语置于作条件状语置于句首或句末句首或句末。如：如：1)If you work hard,you will succeed.=_,you will succeed.2)If they had been given more attention,the trees could have grown better.=_,the trees could have grown better.Working hardBeing given more attention4.作让
14、步状语作让步状语 -ing短语作让步状语，可置于短语作让步状语，可置于句首或句首或 句末句末，常与，常与even if,though 连用。如：连用。如：Although his father worked from morning till night,he didnt get enough food.=_ from morning till night,his father didnt get enough food.Though working_(尽管被尽管被告知了很多遍告知了很多遍),the naughty boy made the same mistake.Having been t
15、old many times 5.作伴随状语作伴随状语置于句首或句末。如：置于句首或句末。如：They sang and laughed;they came into the classroom.=They came into the classroom,_.singing and laughingWhen working in the factory,he was an advanced worker.=When he worked in the factory,he was an advanced worker.注意：注意：1.-ing短语与短语与when,while,though,unt
16、il,if等连词连用时，相当于这些等连词连用时，相当于这些连词引导的一个从句。如：连词引导的一个从句。如：2.动词动词-ing形式在句中作状语时，其形式在句中作状语时，其逻逻辑主语与主句的主语保持一致辑主语与主句的主语保持一致。如：。如：听到这个消息，她的眼泪哗哗流下来听到这个消息，她的眼泪哗哗流下来 _,tears ran down her face._,she cried out sadly.When she heard the newsHearing the news Being fine,we will have the sports meeting next week.It bein
17、g fine,we will have the sports meeting next week.天气好的话，我们下周举行运动会。天气好的话，我们下周举行运动会。1).Hearing the bad news,they couldnt help crying.表（表（）_,they couldnt help crying.Seen from the space,the earth looks blue.=_,the earth looks blue.When they heard the bad news When it is seen from the space时间时间2).Being s
18、o angry,he couldnt go to sleep.表（表（）=_,he couldnt go to sleep.Deeply moved by the story,the children began to cry.=_,the children began to cry.原因原因Because he was so angryAs they were deeply moved by the story3).Working hard,you will succeed.表（表（）=_,you will succeed.Given another chance,I will do it
19、better.=_,I will do it better.条件条件If you work hardIf I am given another chance4).Though working from morning till night,his father didnt get enough food.表（表（）=_,his father didnt get enough food.Beaten by the enemy,he refused to let out the secret.=_,he refused to let out the secret.让步让步Though his fa
20、ther worked from morning till nightAlthough he was beaten by the enemy5).They came into the classroom,singing and laughing.表（表（）=They came into the classroom,_.She walked out of the house,followed by her little daughter.=She walked out of the house,_.伴随伴随and they sang and laughedand was followed by
21、her little daughter6).The bus was held up by the snowstorm,causing the delay.表（表（）=The bus was held up by the snowstorm,_.小结：分词作状语相当于一个对应的小结：分词作状语相当于一个对应的_，可以表时间、条件、原因、结，可以表时间、条件、原因、结果、让步、伴随等。果、让步、伴随等。分词作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与分词作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与_一致。一致。结果结果so it caused the delay状语从句状语从句句子的主语句子的主语_(repair),the road
22、 cant be taken._(hear)the encouraging news,she couldnt help dancing._(not receive)his reply,she decided to write another letter._(warn)many times,he didnt dare to go out alone at night._(keep)in refrigerator,vegetables will remain fresh.考点二考点二:分词作状语形式的选择分词作状语形式的选择Being repaired Hearing Not having re
23、ceivedHaving been warned Kept 小结：分词的五种形式作状语，用法各不相小结：分词的五种形式作状语，用法各不相同。与句中主语构成主谓关系，且与句中谓同。与句中主语构成主谓关系，且与句中谓语动作同时或几乎同时发生时，用语动作同时或几乎同时发生时，用_；与句中主语构成主谓关系，且先于谓语动作与句中主语构成主谓关系，且先于谓语动作发生时，用发生时，用_；与句中主语构；与句中主语构成动宾关系，没有一定的时间性，用成动宾关系，没有一定的时间性，用_；与句中主语构成动宾关系，且与与句中主语构成动宾关系，且与谓语动作同时发生，用谓语动作同时发生，用_；与；与句中主语构成动宾关系，且
24、先于谓语动作发句中主语构成动宾关系，且先于谓语动作发生，用生，用_。doing having done done being donehaving been done题组训练题组训练_ many times,she still cant remember it.A.Had told B.Having been told C.Having told D.Being told_ full preparations,we decided to put off the meeting till next week.A.We did not make B.B.Having not made C.C.We
25、 had not made D.D.Not having madeB D Written in a hurry,_.A.Peter made many mistakes in the paper B.B.there are many mistakes in the paperC.we found some mistakes in the paper D.the paper is full of mistakes D Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year,_ a recorder US$57.65 a ba
26、rrel on April 4.（2005山东卷）山东卷）A.have reached B.reaching C.to reach D.to be reaching_the programme,they have to stay there for another two weeks.(2004广东卷广东卷)A.Not completing B.Not completed C.Not having completed D.Having not completedB C 必背短语必背短语:Generally speaking 一般说来一般说来Frankly speaking 坦白地说坦白地说Ju
27、dging from/by 根据根据来判断来判断Considering/takinginto consideration 考虑到考虑到 Supposing 假使假使,如果如果Seeing 考虑到考虑到 Providing 如果如果Saving 除了除了,除非除非 Assuming 假使假使 Admitting 虽说虽说,即使即使 Given 如果如果Provided that 如果如果Compared to/with 与与相比相比考点三：独立成分作状语独立成分作状语题组训练题组训练_(judge)from previous experience,he will be late._(judge)
28、by the local official,this group ranked first._(take)his health into consideration,he has to be sent to hospital at once.His health _(take)into consideration,he has to be sent to hospital at once.Judging Judged Taking taken 考点四：考点四：独立主格结构是一个独立主格的名词或独立主格结构是一个独立主格的名词或代词（作为逻辑主语）加上一个分词、形容代词（作为逻辑主语）加上一个分
29、词、形容词、副词、不定式或介词短语，其作用相当词、副词、不定式或介词短语，其作用相当于于状语从句状语从句，多用来表示行为方式或者伴随，多用来表示行为方式或者伴随情况，有时也用来表示时间、原因和条件。情况，有时也用来表示时间、原因和条件。这种结构多用于书面语中。这种结构多用于书面语中。1表示时间：表示时间：_(春天来了春天来了),the trees turned green._（会议结束（会议结束了）了）,we left the room.Spring coming onThe meeting(being)over2表示原因：表示原因：_（是星期天）（是星期天）,the library was
30、closed._（没有车啦）（没有车啦）,we had to walk home.3表示条件：表示条件：_（时间允许的（时间允许的话）话）,well visit the Summer Palace.It being SundayThere being no busesTime permitting4表示伴随情况或补充说明：表示伴随情况或补充说明：The children were making a snowman,_(手通红手通红)with the cold.I have bought a new coat,_（旧的破（旧的破啦）啦）.hands redthe old one being wo
31、rn out独立主格结构的形式：独立主格结构的形式：名词或代词名词或代词+分词（分词（doingdone)1)._(天气许可的天气许可的话话),well go sightseeing.2)._(综合考虑综合考虑),her paper is of greater value than yours.Weather permittingAll things considered独立主格结构的形式：独立主格结构的形式：名词或代词名词或代词+不定式不定式_（明天要进行考试）（明天要进行考试）,I couldnt go to the cinema tonight.不定式在独立主格结构中多表示将来的行不定式
32、在独立主格结构中多表示将来的行为，表示为，表示“企图企图”“约定约定”等，指的是等，指的是按计划安排要做的事按计划安排要做的事。The exam to be held tomorrow 名词或代词名词或代词+形容词形容词副词副词 1).He entered the room,_(鼻子因为冷鼻子因为冷而冻得通红而冻得通红).2)._(课程结束课程结束啦啦),we went to play football.his nose(being)red with coldOur lessons(being)over名词或代词名词或代词+介词短语介词短语1).The children came runnin
33、g towards us,_（手里拿着花）（手里拿着花）.2).Last night I followed him here,and climbed in,_（剑在手）（剑在手）.with flowers in their handssword in hand=with a sword in my hand名词或代词名词或代词+名词名词He fought against the robber,_(拐杖是拐杖是唯一的武器唯一的武器)表示存在时，也可以构成独立主格结表示存在时，也可以构成独立主格结构构1)._（没有理由害怕）（没有理由害怕）,he returned to his hometown.
34、a stick his only weapon.There being no cause for fear1with+名词（或代词）名词（或代词）+现在分词现在分词 He fell asleep with the lamp burning.With winter coming on,its time to buy warm clothes.2with+名词（或代词）名词（或代词）+过去分词过去分词 All the afternoon he worked with the door locked.With the work finished,all of us went out for a wa
35、lk.介词介词+复合宾语（介词复合宾语（介词+宾语宾语+宾补）宾补）with(without like)复合结构复合结构3with+名词（或代词）名词（或代词）+动词不定式动词不定式 I cant go out with all these dishes to wash.With so many books to read,I couldnt go out with you4with+名词（或代词）名词（或代词）+介词短语介词短语 He walked along with his hat on the back of his head.He simply stared at her with
36、that peculiar expression on his face.5with+名词（或代词）名词（或代词）+形容词形容词 The man was sleeping with the window open.The mother doesnt allow her child to talk with his mouth full.6with+名词（或代词）名词（或代词）+副词副词 With John away,weve got more room.The student listened to his teacher with his head down.With the teacher
37、 there,he cant write.without like+复合宾语复合宾语 Without a word more spoken,he left the room.The old pine tree still stood there like an umbrella covering the entrance.1作状语作状语 表示伴随情况、原因、条件、时间或补充说明：表示伴随情况、原因、条件、时间或补充说明：The day is bright,with a fresh breeze blowing.With three people away ill,well have to cl
38、ose the office this afternoon.What a lonely world it would be with you away.2作定语（作定语（with相当于相当于having,该结构可改成带有该结构可改成带有have的的定语从句）定语从句）The new building with its windows facing south is our office.Some were poor,with not even a raincoat to protect them from the weather.The young man wore a shirt with
39、the neck open,showing his bare chest.1.The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecraft,the most recent _at the end of last March.（07山东卷）山东卷）Ahas been launched Bhaving been launched Cbeing launched Dto be launched 2.Come on,please give me some ideas about the project.Sorry.With so much work
40、 _ my mind,I almost break down.（07福建卷）福建卷）A.filled B.filling C.to fill D.being filledB B 3.John received an invitation to dinner,and with his work _,he gladly accepted it.（2007安徽卷）安徽卷）A.finished B.finishing C.having finished D.was finished4.The children went home from the grammar school,their lesson
41、s _ for the day.（2007重庆卷）重庆卷）A.finishing B.finished C.had finished D.were finishedA B 小结小结:非谓语动词作状语时非谓语动词作状语时,它的逻辑主语应它的逻辑主语应和主句主语一致和主句主语一致.但有时非谓语动词带有自但有时非谓语动词带有自己的逻辑主语己的逻辑主语,在句中作状语在句中作状语,我们称之为独我们称之为独立主格结构立主格结构.题组训练题组训练The test _(finish),we began our holiday.Weather _(permit),we are going to visit you tomorrow._(be)Sunday,we have no classes._(be)no buses,we had to walk home.finished permittingIt being There being
