1、专题十介词和介词短语语法专题 介词介词 (preposition )(preposition )一一 介词的分类与语法功能介词的分类与语法功能介词是虚词，介词是虚词，不能单独做句子成分，不能单独做句子成分，必须与名词、必须与名词、代词（代词（或相当于名词的其他词类、短语、或从句或相当于名词的其他词类、短语、或从句）构成介词短语，在句子中充当一个成分。构成介词短语，在句子中充当一个成分。介词分为：介词分为：简单介词简单介词:at,in,on,for,to 合成介词合成介词:within,inside,onto,throughout 短语介词短语介词:according to,out of,bec
2、ause of,by means of,in spite of,instead of 双重介词双重介词：from behind/above/under,until after 分词介词分词介词：considering,including,judging from/by 1、表示时间的介词表示时间的介词(1)at，on，in I will have lunch _ 12:00.I have a meeting _ the afternoon of his arrival.There was a poet called Li Bai _ the Tang Dynasty.二、二、核心介词用法解析核
3、心介词用法解析atoninIt rained heavily in last night.(2)for，during，through I have studied _ 4 years.He died _ the war.She kept quiet all _ breakfast.forduringthroughfor：指某个动作或状态持续了多少时间指某个动作或状态持续了多少时间during：在在期间期间through：一直（从开头到结束）一直（从开头到结束）(3)from，since I work _ 7:00 am to 5pm.Ive been waiting _ ten oclockf
4、rom:只用作介词，表示某动作或情况自某只用作介词，表示某动作或情况自某时开始，时开始，不表示什么时候结束不表示什么时候结束。since：既可用作介词，也可用作连词，常表既可用作介词，也可用作连词，常表示某动作或情况自某时开始，示某动作或情况自某时开始，一直持一直持续续到说话时刻。到说话时刻。sincefrom(4)till，until _ 2004,she lived in Canada.It is not _ then that he realizes the importance of health.Keep up the struggle _ you succeed.till(unti
5、l)与持续动词连用一般用于肯定句中，与持续动词连用一般用于肯定句中，与短暂动词连用一般用在否定句中。与短暂动词连用一般用在否定句中。注意：在句首出现或强调句型中一般不用在句首出现或强调句型中一般不用till而而用用until。Until until until/till(5)in，later，after I will go to Shanghai _ three weeks.Ten minutes _ she looked again and saw a body on the road.He left there _ two oclock that afternooninlaterafter
6、in+一段时间一段时间,“在在之内之内”，常用一般将来，常用一般将来时。时。after “在在之后之后”，其后既可接时间点，又，其后既可接时间点，又可接时间段可接时间段。一段时间一段时间 later 2、表示、表示地点、方位的介词地点、方位的介词(1)at，in he works _ a shop.she lived _ the UK.at 在较小的场所，在较小的场所，in在较大的场所在较大的场所(2)on，at，in，off还可以表示两地的相对位还可以表示两地的相对位置。置。若若A地属于地属于B地，用地，用in；A地位于地位于B地的外地的外面且有边缘衔接，用面且有边缘衔接，用on；无边缘的衔
7、接，；无边缘的衔接，用用to；A在在B附近，用附近，用off。atin(3)(3)across,throughacross在物体表面在物体表面“穿过穿过”；through则表示在三则表示在三维空间内部维空间内部“穿过穿过”。(4)over，above,under，belowover，above译作译作“在在之上之上”；under，below译作译作“在在的下面的下面”，其区别在于，其区别在于over，under表示一种直接的、垂直的上下关系；而表示一种直接的、垂直的上下关系；而above，below则表示一般的则表示一般的“高于高于”或或“低于低于”，不一定是垂直不一定是垂直“在上在上”或或“
8、在下在下”。(5)in front of，in the front ofShe spent hours _the mirror,combing through her long hair.There is a window _ my room.in front of通常相对于某物体的外部来说，通常相对于某物体的外部来说，指某人或某物位于该物前面，意为指某人或某物位于该物前面，意为“在在前面前面”；in the front of通常相对于空间而言，指某人通常相对于空间而言，指某人或某物位于某个空间的内部，意为或某物位于某个空间的内部，意为“在在的前部的前部”。in front ofin the
9、front of(6)near,beside,by,next to三个词都是三个词都是“在旁边，在附近，靠近在旁边，在附近，靠近”的意的意思：思：但是表示远近时候还是有区别的。从近到一但是表示远近时候还是有区别的。从近到一般近到最近为到：般近到最近为到：near beside/by next to3、表示方式、手段、表示方式、手段、工具工具 的介词的介词：by,through,with,in He moved the huge stone _ hand.Please retell the fairy story _ English.We can see _our eyes.I want to
10、go to Beijing _ plane.He got his job_ this advertisement.byinbythroughwithby表示泛指的方式或手段，也常指交通工具表示泛指的方式或手段，也常指交通工具with常与工具或人体器官连用常与工具或人体器官连用in常与语言、材料、文字等连用常与语言、材料、文字等连用through 常指通过某种中介常指通过某种中介at a speed price of “以以 速度速度 价格价格”4、表示表示“除除之外之外”的常用词。的常用词。besides 除除以外以外(还有还有)。作副词时意思是。作副词时意思是“而且，更何况而且，更何况”。e
11、xcept除去，除除去，除之外之外(不再有不再有)。except for除了除了(对句子主题进行细节校对句子主题进行细节校正或附加说明正或附加说明)，后接名词、代词或后接名词、代词或what从句从句。except that 句子句子.除了除了一点以外。一点以外。but与与exceptbut和和except在表示在表示“除了除了以外以外”时可以通用。时可以通用。apart from,in addition to 除除以外以外(还有还有)5、among 表示表示“在在之中之中”，三者或以上，三者或以上 between 表示表示“在在之间之间”，强调两者之，强调两者之间间6、表原因的介词表原因的介词
12、for，because of，due to,owing to,thanks to,on account of7、不定式复合结构中的不定式复合结构中的for，of表语形容词能够说明不定式逻辑表语形容词能够说明不定式逻辑主语的性质、主语的性质、特征与面貌特征与面貌时用时用of，如果说明，如果说明不定式行为本身不定式行为本身的性质、状态等则用的性质、状态等则用for。8、兼类词兼类词（兼作连词和副词）兼作连词和副词）after，since，till/until，before 9、介词的省略介词的省略某些动词短语之后的介词可以省略某些动词短语之后的介词可以省略prevent (from)doing;s
13、pend(in)doing 等等10、某些名词与介词构成的固定搭配。某些名词与介词构成的固定搭配。用用to的表示所属的名词有：的表示所属的名词有：key，answer，visit，entrance，apology，introduction，road，path,note 等。等。要求接要求接in 的名词有：的名词有：interest，satisfaction，expert等。等。介词是语法填空的一个必考点介词是语法填空的一个必考点,请做以下请做以下近年高考语法填空题中与介词相关的题近年高考语法填空题中与介词相关的题吧。吧。1.I didnt want to be laughed at for t
14、alking to him but I didnt like leaving him _his own either.介词与高考介词与高考on2.His teacher took a deep drink and thanked his student very much for the sweet water.The young man went home _a happy heart.with3.Jane stopped where a small crowd of men had gathered.She found some good quality pipes _sale.on4.C
15、hinese proverbs are rich and they are still widely used in Chinese peoples daily life._ these proverbs there are often interesting stories.Behind/In5.He was very tired _doing this for a whole day.after6.I realized that the villagers who had gathered around me were arguing as to who should have the h
16、onor of receiving me _ a guest in their house.as7.When the time came for me to say goodbye to my friends in the village,I wanted to reward the old woman _ the trouble I had caused her.for一、单句填空请填入一个适当的词。一、单句填空请填入一个适当的词。1.So,I just looked at her _a questioning expression on my face.灵活运用灵活运用with2.Duri
17、ng the winter,they remind themselves,“This wont last long;well soon be out of here.”And _ the first warm day,the ants are out.on3.He asked me to feed the birds for him and said that he would leave the key _ his front door in my mailbox.to4.I once took a walk along the street on a Saturday dusk,_a Pe
18、psi can in my hand.5.She stared at me _a few seconds and handed back the money.with for6.It was a cold and cloudy afternoon.I was on the bus with my children，aged four and two,heading home when it started to rain.I realized this would mean a wet walk home _ the bus stop.from7.Dudley has a history da
19、ting back over 1,000 years,and its famous castle has been there _the 8th century.8.We should take some measures to fight _pollution.sinceagainst 9.Seated in your home you are capable _ finding a lot of sources.10.To pay for the high-tech health care，people can buy health insurance _their pets.offor1
20、1.Some high school students may be required to have an interview _people from the university.12.During one visit _the Pacific islands of Tonga,a specially prepared dinner was arranged in her honor.withto13.Graduation is a good time to thank those who have helped you _ the tough years.through14.Everybody was touched _ words after they heard her moving story.beyond
