1、专题模块 代 词语法基础语法基础 分考点1 人称代词 分考点2 物主代词 分考点3 反身代词 分考点4 指示代词 分考点5 疑问代词考点 人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词及疑问代词的用法人称代词的形式和用法第一人称第二人称第三人称单数复数单数复数单数复数主格Iweyouyouhe,she,itthey宾格meusyouyouhim,her,itthem 主格多作句子主语，有时用作表语；宾格用在及物动词或介词后作宾语，也可作表语或同位语。在口语中，常用人称代词的宾格作表语。To really understand a man we must judge him in misfortune.
2、Napoleon只有在不幸时才能真正了解只有在不幸时才能真正了解一个人。一个人。拿破仑拿破仑第一人称第二人称第三人称单数复数单数复数单数复数形容词性物主代词myouryouryourhis,her,itstheir名词性物主代词mineoursyoursyourshis,hers,itstheirs 形容词性物主代词置于名词之前，起修饰作用，表示“的”，在句中作定语。名词性物主代词相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”，在句中作主语、表语或宾语。The main difference between our brains and those of monkeys is that ours are b
3、igger.物主代词的形式和用法“of名词性物主代词名词性物主代词”构成构成“双重所有格双重所有格”。Some friends of mine will attend my birthday party.That car of hers is always breaking down.第一人称第二人称第三人称单数复数单数复数单数复数反身代词myselfourselvesyourselfyourselveshimself,herself,itselfthemselvesoneself也是反身代词。反身代词多在句中作宾语、表语或同位语。反身代词的形式和用法Self-image is your ow
4、n minds picture of yourself.自我形象是你内心对自己的印象。She is not quite herself today.她今天身体不太舒服。She herself heard him say so yesterday.她昨天亲耳听他这么说的。她昨天亲耳听他这么说的。by oneselffor oneselfof oneselfin oneself独自地亲自自动地本质上；本身含有反身代词的习惯用语（1）与介词连用（2）与动词连用come to oneselfdress oneselfdevote oneself tobehave yourselfapply onese
5、lf tohelp oneself to enjoy oneself苏醒；恢复知觉打扮；自己穿衣致力于；献身于举止规矩有礼；检点专心致志于随便吃/用玩得开心seat oneselfmake yourself at homeadapt/adjust oneself toteach oneselfspeak to oneselfthink for oneself就座，入席别客气适应于自学自言自语独立思考常用的指示代词有this,that,these,those。为方便学习so,such也可归到这一类。指示代词this,that,these,those的用法（1）this意为“这；这个”，复数为th
6、ese，指刚提到的人、事物、想法或刚发生的事情。that意为“那；那个”，复数为 those，指已经提到或已经知道的人、事物、想法等。The boy was afraid and the dog had sensed this.“Weve been cheated,”she said.Those were her exact words.(2)this/these一般指时间或空间上较近的人或物；that/those常指 时间或空间上较远的人或物。I think youll find these more comfortable than those.(these近指，those远指)【特别注意
7、】1）this可用于指将要说的或将要发生的事情，起启下的作用；that则指前面说过或发生的事情，起承上的作用。I want to tell you this:the English party will be held on Saturday afternoon.He hurt his leg yesterday.Thats why he didnt come.That 上指、远指；this 近指，下指【特别注意】（2）that,those可以作替代词，代替前面提到过的名词，以避免重复。that或those指代前面的名词时，后面总是跟限定性定语。As a retired ear doctor,
8、I heartily recommend TV Ears to people with normal hearing as well as those with hearing loss.作为一名退休的耳科医生，我大力推荐人们使用TV Ears，不论是听力正常的还是有听觉损耗的。Such 与so 的用法such意为“上述一类；诸如此类；这种；这类”，指代前面所叙述的人或事物，在句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语。such作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于其后面的名词或代词的数。We may have various ways to deal with such a situation.Such are
9、 my friends who will never fail to help me when needed.so意为“如此，这样”，代替一个句子或短语所表达的内容，用于避免重复。Have you handed in your homework?I did so yesterday.在believe,think,expect,suppose,imagine,guess等词后用so代替前文提出的观点，既可用于肯定句中，也可用于否定句中。Is James coming tonight?I dont think so.疑问代词的形式和功能 功能形式主语宾语表语定语跟of短语指人主格who宾格whom
10、所有格whose指物which（也可指人)what1.what与与who 询问职业与身份用what；询问姓名与关系用who，What is he？He is a lawyer/teacher.Who is the man?Hes my elder brother./Hes Jack【注意注意】What/who 作主语时，谓语动词的数取决于说话人的视点，可单数也可复数。What is/are on the table?Who is/are in the library?2.which与who 对特定范围内的人提问用which,常带有of短语或范围；对不定范围内的人提问用who.Which of
11、you will attend the conference tomorrow?Who went there yesterday?3.what与which 对特定范围内的事物提问用which,常带有of短语或范围；对不定范围内的事物提问用what.What are you looking for?Which do you like better,oranges or apples?4.whatever,whichever;whoever分别为what;which;who的强调形式。Whatever do you want?你到底想要什么？Whoever gave you the book?究竟
12、谁给了你这本书？也可以用what/how/why/where etc the hell/on earth/in the world 进行替换。如：What on earth are you doing here?What in the world are you doing here at seven in the morning?How the hell are we going to do that?高考热点疑问词what用法归纳What is+the height/weight/depth/length/width/size?高度/重量/深度/长度/宽度/尺寸是多少？the popula
13、tion?人口是多少？the distance?距离是多远？the price?价格是多少？your address?你住在哪儿？your attitude?你的态度是怎样的？（2）what的其他常见句型：What about?怎么样？（用于提出建议或询问对方的情况）（用于提出建议或询问对方的情况）What()for?为什么（）？（用于询问原因或目的）用于询问原因或目的）What if?如果怎么办？（用于引出条件）用于引出条件）So what?那又怎样？（表示某人对某事无所谓或认为某事不重要（表示某人对某事无所谓或认为某事不重要）What if a student is found to ha
14、ve told his combination to others?代词it的用法1.指代提到过的或正在谈论的动物或事物，及已知或正在发生的事实或情况等。The employment rate has continued to rise in big cities thanks to the efforts of the local governments to increase it.2.指时间、距离、日期、天气、温度等，用作主语。It is six miles from here to the nearest hospital.It is early spring,but it is al
15、ready very hot.3.当说话者弄不清对方是谁或不清楚说话对象的性别时，也常用it指代。Someone is knocking at the door.Who can it be?4.作形式主语或形式宾语。（1）代替不定式、v.-ing形式、名词性从句 The two girls are so alike that strangers find it difficult to tell one from the other.It felt very funny watching myself on TV.It is a pity/shame that 真可惜 It is no won
16、der that 难怪It seems/appears that 似乎/看来It looks/seems as if/as though 看起来好像It happens that 碰巧It occurs to/comes to/strikes/hits sb.that某人突然想起It is said/reported that 据说/据报道It is certain that 是一定的。It is no use/good doing 做没有用/好处。It takes sb.some time to do 做花费某人多长时间。It It固定句子归纳固定句子归纳(2)常用it作形式主语的句式 It
17、 is certain that every effect must have a cause.It took years of work to reduce the industrial pollution and clean the water.5.表示“喜欢”、“恨”等情感倾向的动词后面接it，构成固定结构“动词+it+that/if/when”，这类动词有enjoy，prefer，love，like，hate，dislike，appreciate等。Id appreciate it if you would like to teach me how to use the compute
18、r.I hate it when people talk with their mouths full.6.用于强调句型：It is/was+被强调部分+that。被强调部分指人时，也可以用who代替that。It is only by repeatedly rewriting that we produce new threads and connect them to get closer to the ideas formed in our minds.熟记下列含it的常用短语或句型：1.take it for granted that认为是理所当然的；想当然地认为He took it
19、for granted that I will help him all the time.I took it for granted that they were not coming.2.see to it that确保；保证 Ill see to it that everything is ready in time.3.rely/depend/count on it that 放心；相信 You can depend on it that I will always be here for you.4.make it a rule to do sth.使成为一种习惯 Make it a
20、 rule to tell yourself:I can do it.5.make it clear that表明；把说清楚 He made it clear that he didnt like this job.6.take it that 认为 I take it that they will succeed sooner or later.7.owe it to sb.that把归功于 I owe it to you that I finished my work in time.8.Rumor has it that有传言说;据说 Rumor has it that Mary is
21、getting married.9.bring it to ones attention that让某人注意到 Why dont you bring it to his attention that you are too ill to work on?10.appreciate/enjoy/like/dislike/love/hate it when/if We would much appreciate it if you could do us that favour.I hate it when people talk with their mouth full.11.help it
22、有办法；能避免 I cant help it；If I can help it.They never go there if they can help it.如果能不去那儿的话，他们是绝对不去的。12.as sb.puts it 正如某人所说 to put it another way 换句话说 to put it simply 简而言之 make it 成功；做得到 get it 理解；明白 13.How did it come about that怎么回事?How did it come about that Amy knew Tom was lying？14.When it comes
23、 to.当谈到 Its no use/good doing 做某事没有用处/好处 Its no wonder that.难怪 It turned out that 结果；结果证明 It seems that似乎；好像 It happened that.碰巧 15.Its(high)time that sb.should do/did sth.是某人该做某事的时候了。16.Its the first/second/time that sb.have/has done sth.It is/has been since It will be/was before 难点辨析1.both,all,eit
24、her,neither与none的区别代 词用 法both(1)表示“两者（都）”。(2)作主语时，谓语动词用复数。(3)与not连用表示部分否定。(表示全部否定需用neither)all(1)指三者或三者以上的人或物的“全部”。(2)作主语，指人时，谓语动词通常用复数；指事物的整体或抽象概念时，谓语动词通常用单数。(3)与not连用表示部分否定。（表示完全否定需用none）Its an either-or situationwe can buy a new car this year or we can go on holiday but we cant do both.代 词用 法eith
25、er(1)表示“(两者中的)任何一个”。(表示三者或三者以上的人或物中的 “任何一个”需用any)(2)作主语时，谓语动词用单数。neither(1)表示“（两者中）无一个”。(2)单独作主语时，谓语动词用单数。(3)后接of短语作主语时，谓语动词既可用单数，也可用复数。none(1)表示“(三者及三者以上中)无一个”或“没有一点儿”。(2)后接of短语作主语时，谓语动词既可用单数，也可用复数。(3)既可指代可数名词，也可指代不可数名词。Either of them isnt satisfactory.两个中任何一个都不令人满意。两个中任何一个都不令人满意。Larry asks Bill an
26、d Peter to go on a picnic with him,but neither of them wants to,because they have work to do.Of the forces shaping higher education none is more sweeping than the movement across borders.2.each与every的区别代 词用 法each(1)强调“个体”，可作代词和形容词，指两者或两者以上中的每一个。(2)可以与of短语连用；可作主语、宾语、同位语和定语。作主语时，谓语 动词用单数形式；作同位语时，谓语动词的
27、数和主语 保持一致。every(1)强调(整体中的)每一个，只能作定语，表示三者或三者以上中 的“每一个”。(2)与not连用构成部分否定。(3)可用来表示“每隔”。(4)不可与of短语连用。When he took his gloves off,I noticed that each one had his name written inside.Every boy in the class has read the book.3.the other,another,others与the others的区别代 词用 法例 句the other可单独使用，特指两个人或物中的“另一个”。He r
28、aised one arm and then the other.another泛指三者或三者以上的人或物中的“另一个”，代替单数可数名词。另外，another后可接“基数词/few+复数名词”，表示“另外的(多少)”。Buy two CDs and get another completely free.others/the othersothers只能单独使用，表示泛指意义，意为“其他的人或事物”，常与some连用。特指“其他的全部人或事物”时用the others。The advantage is that if there is a new illness some of these
29、animals may die，but others will survive and pass on the ability to resist that disease to the next generation.4.none,nothing与no one/nobody的区别代 词用 法none(1)特指语境中提到的人或物。(2)后可接of短语，可回答以how many/how much引导的特殊疑 问句。nothing(1)指物，表泛指。(2)不可接of短语，可回答what引导的特殊疑问句。no one/nobody(1)常指人，仅用于指代可数名词单数。(2)不可接of短语，可回答以w
30、ho引导的特殊疑问句。I got this bicycle for nothing;my friend gave it to me when she bought a new one.Even if the answer seemed a little strange,nobody but I doubted it.某任何每个；所有没有人someone/somebodyanyone/anybodyeveryone/everybodyno one/nobody物somethinganythingeverythingnothingThere is something in his words.We
31、 should have a try.复合不定代词的用法【知识拓展】不定代词构成的习惯搭配：nothing but仅仅；只是 anything but 绝不something of有几分；略微 something else别的东西；另外一件事for nothing 免费 or something诸如此类的人或物表数量的不定代词的用法代 词用 法表示意义含 义few修饰或代替可数名词否定含义几乎没有a few修饰或代替可数名词肯定含义几个；一些little修饰或代替不可数名词否定含义几乎没有a little修饰或代替不可数名词肯定含义少量；一点点many修饰或代替可数名词肯定含义许多much修饰
32、或代替不可数名词肯定含义许多高考链接itsOn my recent visit,I held a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by _(it)mother.A few hours before,Id been at home in Hong Kong,with _(it)choking smog.高考链接高考链接 对it的考查主要有以下两个方面：考生应掌握it作替代词与其他替代词one,that,those等的用法区别。指代已提及的事物、想法或已发生的事情等（1）考查it作替代词强调句型动词不定式、v.-ing形式、名词
33、性从句等后置，作真正的主语或宾语（2）考查it作形式主语或形式宾语Raise your leg and let _ stay in the air for seconds.代 词用 法例 句it替代前面提到过的同一个人或物。This is our new car.We bought it yesterday.one/onesone用来替代前面出现的单数可数名词，是泛指概念，相当于“a/an单数可数名词”。其复数形式为ones。Its standard practice for a company like this one to employ a security officer.Hard b
34、eds are healthier than soft ones.易混1 it,one,ones,that,thoseit,one,ones,that,those作替代词的区别作替代词的区别that/thosethat用来替代前面出现的同类的名词，是同类替代，但并非同一个，可以是可数名词，也可以是不可数名词。指代单数可数名词，相当于the one。其复数形式为those，相当于the ones。此外，在口语中，也可用 those 来替代表特指的复数名词，尤其是当其后有 of引导的介词短语或who引导的定语从句修饰时。To her joy,Della earned first the trust
35、 of her students and then that of her colleagues.At our factory there are a few machines similar to those described in this magazine.泛指、同类、异物、单数用one替代泛指、同类、异物、复数用ones替代特指、同类、异物、单数用that=the one特指、同类、异物、复数用those=the ones特指、同类、异物、不可数用that替代指代同一、同一些事物用it和theyYour story is interesting,but I dont like .Th
36、is story is an interesting .I havent a computer.I want to buy next year.The dictionary on the desk is much better than on the shelf.The population in china is much larger than in Japan.The conditions are like in the real spaceship.itoneonethat/the onethatthose(1)all，both，everyone/everybody/everythin
37、g以及“every名词”都表示 全部肯定；当not出现在含有表示全部肯定意义的不定代词的句子中，不管not在它们之前还是在它们之后，都表示部分否定。此外，not与总 括性副词，如everywhere，always，wholly，altogether等连用时也表 示部分否定。Both of them havent read this story.并非他们俩都读过这个故事。Not all of them smoke.=All of them dont smoke.他们当中不是所有人都吸烟。Such a thing cant be found everywhere.这种事并不是每个地方都能见到。易易混混2 2 代词的部分否定和全部否定代词的部分否定和全部否定（2）no one，none，nobody，nothing，not any/either，以及 “no名词”都表示全部否定。Nothing can stop him going there.没有什么事能阻止他去那里。没有什么事能阻止他去那里。
