1、12语气语气:陈述语气陈述语气(the Indicative Mood):用来陈述一个事实，或提出一个看法；用来陈述一个事实，或提出一个看法；用于肯定句用于肯定句,否定句否定句,疑问句和感叹句疑问句和感叹句祈使语气祈使语气(the Imperative Mood):用来表示请求、命令等；用于祈使句用来表示请求、命令等；用于祈使句Keep quiet in the reading room.虚拟语气虚拟语气(the Subjunctive Mood):表示说话人所说的表示说话人所说的不是事实不是事实，而是一种，而是一种假设假设、愿愿望望、怀疑或推测。、怀疑或推测。用于条件从句用于条件从句,让步从
2、句和名词性从句让步从句和名词性从句31 if 虚拟条件句：虚拟条件句：1.一般用法：一般用法：(特点特点-时态往过去推时态往过去推)1)现在情况的虚拟现在情况的虚拟 If I were a bird,I would fly in the sky.If I had magic power,I would get whatever I want.if 从句从句 主句主句were/did would(should/could/might)+do4注意：注意：主句主句中的中的should通常用于通常用于第一人第一人称，称，would可用于可用于任何人称任何人称，同时也可以根，同时也可以根据意思用情态动
3、词据意思用情态动词could,might等代替等代替should,would。5如果我有更多的朋友，我会更高兴。如果我有更多的朋友，我会更高兴。If I had more friends,I would be happier.如果没有空气，人就会死。如果没有空气，人就会死。If there were no air,people would die.62).过去情况的虚拟过去情况的虚拟 If you had been there last night,nothing would have happened.If I had got up earlier this morning,I would
4、have caught the early bus.if 从句从句 主句主句had donewould(should/could/might)+have done73).将来情况的虚拟将来情况的虚拟 If I were to go abroad,I would set up a restaurant.If I should go abroad,I would set up a restaurant.If I went abroad,I would set up a restaurant.if 从句从句 主句主句were to do/should do/didwould(should/could
5、/might)+do82.错综虚拟错综虚拟1)If he had set out earlier,he would be home now.2)If you _(take)my advice yesterday,you _(feel)much better now.had takenwould feel3)If she hadnt trained hard,she _ be able to run so fast now.(not)4)If he had listened to me,he _ be in such trouble now.(not)wouldnt wouldnt(从句与主句所
6、表时间不一致从句与主句所表时间不一致)9Translate:It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I hadnt fallen in love,at the age of 17,with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown.103.虚拟条件句中的倒装虚拟条件句中的倒装 if 引导虚拟条件句时，可以把引导虚拟条件句时，可以把if 省略，而省略，而把把were,had 或或 should等词提到等词提到句首句首，构成，构成倒装句。如倒装句。如:If I were a bird
7、,I would fly in the sky.=Were I a bird,I would fly in the sky.If I had got up earlier this morning,I would have caught the early bus.=Had I got up earlier this morning,I would have caught the early bus.11 If I were to go abroad,I would set up a restaurant.=Were I to go abroad,I would set up a restau
8、rant.If I should go abroad,I would set up a restaurant.=Should I go abroad,I would set up a restaurant.124.含蓄条件句含蓄条件句:用用 without,but for(要不是要不是),otherwise(否否则则)或或上下文语境上下文语境等来代替条件从句。等来代替条件从句。We might have failed without your help.=We might have failed if you had not helped us.But for the fog,we would
9、 have arrived earlier.=If it had not been for the fog,we would have arrived earlier.13I was busy,otherwise,I would have gone with you.=If I had not been busy,I would have gone with you.I would have called you,but I forgot your telephone number.=I would have called you if I had known your telephone n
10、umber.But I forgot it.14时间时间if虚拟条件句虚拟条件句主句主句过去过去现在现在将来将来 had donewould/should/could/might+have done did/were were to do/should do/didwould/should/could/might+dowould/should/could/might+do巩固练习巩固练习 1.152.What would have happened,_ as far as the river bank?A.Bob had walked farther B.if Bob should walk
11、farther C.had Bob walked farther D.if Bob walked fartherC163.If you _ him yesterday,you _ what to do now.A.asked would know B.had asked would have known C.asked him know D.had asked would knowD174._(要不是要不是)your help,we couldnt have finished the job before the deadline5.Linda _(give)up halfway.Otherw
12、ise,she would have achieved her goal.But forgave18二二.wish,if only 1.sb.wish that1)现在：现在：+sb.did/were2)过去：过去：+sb.had done3)将来：将来：+sb.would/could do19现在：现在：I wish that everybody were kind-hearted.过去：过去：I wish you had not told me the news.I wish I had never been born.苔丝苔丝 I wish I had used my credit ca
13、rd more sensibly.20将来将来 I wish I would be a famous teacher.I wish I could live a more comfortable life.212.if only:要是要是就好了就好了 Look at the trouble I am in!If only I had taken your advice.1)If only I _(go)home now.2)If only I _(go)to bed earlier last night.3)If only the final-term exam _(将将)be cancell
14、ed.went had gonewould22三三.would ratherI would rather you _(pay)me now.Id rather you _(do)some housework when you were free.Dont come now.I would rather you _(come)tomorrow.would rather sb.did(现在，将来现在，将来)sb.had done(过去过去)paid had done came234 as if 似乎，好像似乎，好像He speaks English so well as if he were an
15、 Englishman.He looks so pale as if he had seen a monster.as if:现在现在(主从句动作同时发生主从句动作同时发生)did/were 过去过去(从句动作在主句之前发生从句动作在主句之前发生)had done 24 1)The master uses the slave as if he _(be)an animal,a thing,not a person.2)She stares at her husband as if he _(be)a stranger.3)He talks as if he _(do)the work all
16、by himself,but in fact Tom and I did most of it.werewerehad done25五五.suggest/advise/order/request/demand/require/recommend that sb.(should)do 宾语从句宾语从句 It is suggested/ordered/required that sb.(should)do 主语从句主语从句 We suggested that he _(do)the job.His pale face suggested that he _(be)ill.(should)dowas
17、表明，暗示表明，暗示26insist:(1)坚持说，坚持认为（陈述语气）坚持说，坚持认为（陈述语气）(2)坚持要求，一定要（虚拟语气）坚持要求，一定要（虚拟语气）e.g.He insisted that he heard somebody in the house.He insisted that I was wrong and(should)apologize to him.The young man insisted that he _(do)nothing wrong and _(set)free.did(should)be set27 He gave the order that th
18、e work(should)be done at once.同位语从句同位语从句 My suggestion/order/proposal/demand is that we(should)put off the meeting.表语从句表语从句28六六.It is necessary/important/natural/strange that sb.(should)do 主语从句主语从句 It is necessary that we(should)clean the room every day.It is strange that she(should)be so upset.29七.It is time that sb.did sb.should do Its time you _(go)to school.Its time you _(do)your homework.Its time you _(go)out to play.
