1、.Reviewl坚持的两种用法：lpersist in doing sth/insist on/upon doing sthl没人能避免犯错。没人能避免犯错。lNo one can avoid making mistakes.l不懂装懂就会闹笑话。不懂装懂就会闹笑话。If you pretend to know what you dont know,youll only make a fool of yourself.l阻止做某事的表达法：阻止做某事的表达法：stop sb(from)doing,prevent sb(from)doing或或keep sb from doing.你介意把窗户打
2、开吗？你介意把窗户打开吗？lWould you mind opening the window?l你介意我把窗户打开吗？你介意我把窗户打开吗？lWould you mind my opening the window?l无论你是谁，都必须遵守规则。lNo matter who you are,you must obey the rules.l无论他学习多么努力，总不能通过考试。lNo matter how hard he studies,he finds it difficult to pass the exam.l动名词的用法：接动名词的用法：接lesson68.practice:l根据所给
3、汉语，按正确形式填空：根据所给汉语，按正确形式填空：lHe _(坚持坚持)that he do that work alone.lThe teacher tells us that learning English must be _(坚持的坚持的).lShe tried to _(逃避逃避)answering my questions.lShe wasnt really crying;she was only _(假装假装).lWhat can we do to _(阻止阻止)the disease spreading?insists persistent avoid pretending
4、prevent.Free talk:Have you seen the criminal spot?l1.If you see the thief steals others,what will you do?l2.When you notice the burglar break into your house,What kinds of measures you will take?.murdermournfulsupposev.v.假设假设n.n.谋杀谋杀adj.adj.悲哀的悲哀的.tapexaminerinstruct n.n.主考人主考人v.v.轻敲轻敲v.v.命令，指示命令，指示
5、.n.n.刹车刹车n.n.踏板踏板v.v.反应反应.acquireconfidencev.v.取得，获得取得，获得n.n.信心信心.Lets review the words!.根据所给的汉语意思写出单词，并用其正确形式填空。根据所给的汉语意思写出单词，并用其正确形式填空。1.The teacher often _(指导；指示指导；指示)us how to work out maths problems.l2.She has great _(自信自信)in her success.l3._(谋杀谋杀)is a terrible crime.l4.That girl _(轻敲轻敲)her fin
6、gers on the desk impatiently.l5._(考官考官)：Tell me about your family?l6.The _(刹车刹车)doesnt work well.l7.A _(悲哀的悲哀的)voice sings,“Are we still married?”l8.Let me see your driving _(执照执照).Questions on the test:When did the author begin to acquire confidence and why?What was the last thing the author was as
7、ked to do by the examiner?Did the author get the driving licence in the end?.lI was being tested for a driving licence for the third time.I had been asked to drive in heavy traffic and had done so successfully.After having been instructed to drive out of town,I began to acquire confidence.Sure that
8、I had passed,I was almost beginning to enjoy my test.l The examiner must have been pleased with my performance,for he smiled and said,Just one more thing,Mr.Eames.Let us suppose that a child suddenly crosses the road in front of you.As soon as I tap on the window,you must stop within five feet.l I c
9、ontinued driving and after some time,the examiner tapped loudly,Though the sound could be heard clearly,it took me a long time to react.I suddenly pressed the brake pedal and we were both thrown forward.The examiner looked at me sadly.Mr.Eames,he said,in a mournful voice,you have just killed that ch
10、ild!.New words and expressionslmurder m:d n.谋杀linstruct instrkt v.命令，指示lacquire kwai v.取得，获得lconfidence knfidns n.信心lexaminer igzmin n.主考人lsuppose spuz v.假设ltap tp v.轻敲lreact rikt v.反应lbrake breik n.刹车lpedal pedl n.踏板lmournful m:nfl adj.悲哀的.Words/phrases 单词与词组单词与词组driving licence 驾照heavy traffic 拥挤的
11、交通in a mournful voice 用的声调be pleased with 对满意within 5 feet 在5英尺之内cross the road 过马路brake pedal 刹车板out of town 城外.lmurder l1).n.be guilty of murder 犯谋杀罪犯谋杀罪lmurder will out 纸包不住火纸包不住火lhomicide hmisaid 杀人（犯）lmanslaughter mnslt(r)过失杀人lmassacre msk 大屠杀lassassinate ssineit 暗杀lpoison 毒杀毒杀lsuffocate sfkeit
12、窒息而死lhang 绞死绞死l2).v.murderer murderess.linstructl1).v.指导，向指导，向下命令下命令ltell 日常用语，运用广泛，语气不强日常用语，运用广泛，语气不强lorder 语气较强，有权威者用来指示别人服从语气较强，有权威者用来指示别人服从linstruct&direct 用于客观、公事场合，对需要采取的行动准用于客观、公事场合，对需要采取的行动准确说明确说明lcommand 用于军事场合用于军事场合 lThe officer commanded his men to fire.l2).v.教授，传授教授，传授 instruct sb.inlins
13、tructor 教员，教练，指导员教员，教练，指导员linstruction C命令，指示命令，指示 U 传授，指导传授，指导.lacquirel1).（靠努力或行为）获得（靠努力或行为）获得 gainl获得自信获得自信lacquire confidencel2).学得，养成（习惯）学得，养成（习惯）l养成抽烟的习惯养成抽烟的习惯 lacquire a habit of smokinglacquisition kwizin n.获得获得,所获之物所获之物,收购收购.lconfidence n.lhave/lose confidence in sb./sth.l他充满信心地回答问题他充满信心地回
14、答问题lHe answered the questions with confidence .lI have every confidence that I can manage itlbe full of confidence 充满信心充满信心 lconfident adj.有信心的有信心的,有把握的有把握的lconfident of sth.confident thatl我肯定你能得到那份工作我肯定你能得到那份工作lIm confident that youll get the job.l他确信会达到目标他确信会达到目标lHe was confident of achieving his
15、aim.lexamine v.l1).调查，检查，研讨调查，检查，研讨l我们的行李在机场进行了安检我们的行李在机场进行了安检lWe had our suitcases examined at the airport.l2).测验测验lI examined the students in English on the previous lessons.l3).诊察（看病）诊察（看病）lexaminer 主考人主考人lexaminee被考人被考人.lsupposel1).假设假设l假设你是总经理，在那种情况下你会怎么做假设你是总经理，在那种情况下你会怎么做lSuppose that youre t
16、he general manager,what will you do on that occasion.l2).认为认为 think,expectl be supposed to 理应，应该理应，应该l他应该准时在那他应该准时在那lHe is supposed to be there on time.ltap.l1).v.knock gentlyltap at/on sth.ltap sb.on the shoulderl2).n.敲击声，水龙头敲击声，水龙头lturn on/off tapltap water 自来水自来水lmineral-water 矿泉水矿泉水.lreactl1).re
17、act to sb./sthl当地居民对这一消息表示愤怒当地居民对这一消息表示愤怒lLocal residents have reacted angrily to the news.l我花了很长时间才反应过来我花了很长时间才反应过来lIt took me a long time to react.lThe market reacted by falling a further two points.l股市的反应是再下跌两个百分点股市的反应是再下跌两个百分点l2).化学反应化学反应 reactant 化学反应物化学反应物lnuclear reactor 核反应堆核反应堆.lbrakel1).n.
18、刹车刹车lput on the brakes 踩刹车踩刹车l2).v.lThe driver braked hard as the dog ran onto the road.lShe had to brake hard to avoid running into the car in front.l她不得不猛踩刹车，以免撞上前面的车。她不得不猛踩刹车，以免撞上前面的车。.lpedall1).n.踏板踏板la brake pedal 刹车踏板刹车踏板lShe pressed her foot down sharply on the brake pedal.l她猛踩刹车踏板。她猛踩刹车踏板。l2
19、).v.踩踏板，骑踩踏板，骑lpedal a bicycle 骑自行车骑自行车lA boy pedaled away on his bicycle.lmournful adj.悲恸的悲恸的,令人惋惜的令人惋惜的,悲哀的悲哀的lThere was a mournful look on her face.lHe said in a mournful voice.lmourn v.感到悲痛感到悲痛lmourn for/over sb./sth.l人民哀悼他们被杀害的领袖人民哀悼他们被杀害的领袖lThe people mourned for their slain leader.l她为她独生子的死而哀
20、痛她为她独生子的死而哀痛lShe mourned over the death of her only son.lmourner 哀悼者哀悼者.u I was being tested for a driving licence for the third time.驾驶执照驾驶执照课文解析课文解析.u I had been asked to drive in heavy traffic and had done so successfully.heavy:adj.重的，阴沉的，大量的，密集的 He put down the heavy suitcase by the door.He had
21、a heavy,sullen face.I felt so full after the heavy meal.u After having been instructed to drive out of town,I began to acquire confidence.becomeAfter I had been instructed to drive out of town,I began to become confidence.u The examiner must have been pleased with my performance,for he smiled and sa
22、id,Just one more thing,Mr.Eames.表示对过去事物的猜测 must have done sth.be pleased with:对满意.He was pleased with my progress.She seemed very pleased that he had come.Im so pleased to have see you again.u I continued driving and after some time,the examiner tapped loudly.Though the sound could be heard clearly,
23、it took me a long time to react.Sam didnt react in any way.I wondered how hed react to such a difficult question.u The examiner looked at me sadly,Mr.Eames,he said,in a mournful voice,you have just killed that child!in a voice:以一个的声调in a happy voice:开心的说 in a sorrow voice:难过的说in a excited voice:激动的说
24、 in a crazy voice:疯狂的说.每句赏析每句赏析lSure that I had passed,I was almost beginning to enjoy my test.Sure,省略结构，完整的形式应该是“Being sure”,在文中作状语表示原因；almost beginning to enjoy,作者信心的再次提升，考试对他来说几乎成了一种消遣。lThe examiner must have been pleased with my performance,for he smiled and said,Just one more thing,Mr.Eames.mus
25、t have 对当时情况的推测，很有把握；for从句点明作者作出推测的依据。lLet us suppose that a child suddenly crosses the road in front of you.lAs soon as I tap on the window,you must stop within five feet.考官设置一个情景。.lI continued driving and after some time,the examiner tapped loudly.loudly,声音的强度很大。lThough the sound could be heard cl
26、early,it took me a long time to react.though 引导让步状语从句，与主句的情况形成对照。作者可以很清楚地听到窗玻璃的声音，可是他似乎是忘乎所以，过了很久都没有反映过来。每句赏析.lI suddenly pressed the brake pedal hard and we were both thrown forward.suddenly,表示作者突然间反应过来；hard,用力过猛；and 之后的句子说明结果；were both thrown forward,两人都被抛到前面。lThe examiner looked at me sadly.sadly
27、,考官大失所望。lMr.Eames,he said,in a mournful voice,you have just killed that child!in a mournful voice,考官用一种很悲伤的声调说话，与前文的“sadly”相对应；虽然考官只是设想一种情境，不过看到作者的表现，还是很煞有其事地用悲伤的语气告诉他：孩子给轧死了。考官的一本正经，滑稽幽默跃然之上，让文章生色不少。每句赏析.Take a break.l【Key structures】l被动语态的构成：l.被动语态由“助动词be及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。现以do为例
28、说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。一 般 现 在 时：a m i s a r e d o n e一 般 过 去 时：w a s w e r e d o n e一 般 将 来 时：w i l l s h a l l b e d o n e现在进行时：amisare beingdone过去进行时：waswere beingdone现在完成时：havehas beendone.l3）在使役动词have,make,get以及感官动词see,watch,notice,hear,feel,observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to。l例Someone s
29、aw a stranger walk into the building.可改为A stranger was seen to walk into the building.1.He made the boy work for two hours yesterday.可改为The boy was made to work by him f o r t w o h o u r s y e s t e r d a y.2.Mother never lets me watch TV.改为I am never let to watch TV by mother.l4.在 被 动 语 态 中 还 可 以
30、用 介 词+动 名 词 结 构。介 词（after,before,on）+动名词这个结构通常相当于一个时间状语从句。如果两个动作中有一个在另一个开始之前已经完成，则可以用after+动名词的完成式表示第一个动作；如果只表示先后顺序，则可用after（或before）+动名词结构；on+动名词 通 常 表 示 两 个 动 作 几 乎 同 时 发 生。After having been instructed to drive out of thetown,I began to acquire confidence.在接到把车开出城的指令后，我就开始有信心了。The man called the p
31、olice after being r o b b e d.那 人 遭 抢 劫 后 给 警 方 打 了 电 话H e k i l l e d a c h i l d b e f o r e b e i n g a r r e s t e d他在被捕前杀死了一个孩子On/After being told that her mother was seriously,she hurried back to England.她得知母亲病重后连忙回到英国。l被动语态用于介词+动名词结构一般不用于口语，比较正式。.I for a driving license for the third time.I t
32、o drive in heavy traffic and had done so successfully.重点整理重点整理for表目的for+次数动名词与现在分词做定语的区别：动名词做定语说明所修饰名词的用途；现在分词做定语，表示所修饰名词进行的动作。a walking stick 拐杖（动名词，a stick for walking）a sleeping car 卧铺车厢（动名词，a car for sleeping）the rising sun 正在升起的太阳（现在分词）the changing world 变化中的世界（现在分词）lightwas being testedhad bee
33、n asked.to drive out of town,I began to acquire confidence.that I had passed,I was almost beginning to enjoy my test.现在完成时的被动形式；Having been+过去分词After I had been instructed to drive out of town,I began to acquire confidence.介词短语作时间状语，主从句的主语一致时，可简化从句。在句首中省略了being,这个分词结构在句中是状语，表原因。-Worried about his ch
34、ild,he didnt sleep last night.-As he was worried about his child,he didnt sleep last night.重点整理重点整理After having been instructed.The examiner must have been pleased with my performance,for he smiled and said.Just one more thing,Mr.Eames.Let us suppose that a child suddenly crosses the road in front o
35、f you.As soon as I tap on the window,you must stop within five feet.must have been表示对过去事情的猜测pleased是个形容词，常用词组是be pleased withsuppose(supposing):常用于一个句子或从句前，意思是what would happen if,用来假设一个条件或某种情况。动词要用一般现在时或一般过去时。如果用过去时，所假设的情况可能性会很小。Supposing we miss the trainwhat will we do then?Wed love to attend the
36、 party,supposing(if)we dont have to work late that day.重点整理重点整理.l2 )b e p l e a s e d w i t h 对.满 意 b e s a t i s f i e d w i t h be content withle.g.My boss is pleased（satisfiedcontent）withmy work performancel老板对我的工作表现很满意l3.performance n.表现，表演，工作情况lPerform vt.执行；完成；演奏lvi.执行，机器运转；表演lperform an opera
37、tion 动手术；做手术 lperform on 表演；上演；演奏 lopportunity to perform 实践的机会；表现机会 lperform maintenance 修理 lperform a contract 执行合同.I suddenly pressed the brake pedal hard and weThe examiner looked at me sadly.Mr.Eames,he said,in a mournful voice,you have just killed that child!in avoice以.的声调she told us the news
38、in a low voice.have just killed用的是现在完成时，是想强调结果。重点整理重点整理I continued driving and after some time,the examiner tapped loudly.Though the sound could clearly,it took me a long time to react.be heardwere both thrown forward.语法学习语法学习l示例1：I was sure that I had passed.I was almost beginning to enjoy my test.
39、l我们把这两句话合并成一个句子：lSure that I had passed,I was almost beginning to enjoy my test.l所以，我们看得很清楚：两个句子的主语（1）都是一致的，所以，可以进行简化处理。l示例2：I was pleased with my sons words.I gave him 100 yuan.l合并：lPleased with my sons words,I gave him 100 yuan.l我们再回顾一下ing结构和过去分词结构：l示例3：I tried to avoid meeting him.I set out 10 mi
40、nutes earlier than usual.l合并：Trying to avoid meeting him,I set out 10 minutes earlier than usual.l示例4：He had eaten the apple.He asked for another one.l合并：Having eaten the apple,he asked for another one.l示例5：The rat was killed by a little boy.It was buried in a hole.l合并：Killed by a little boy,the rat
41、 was buried in a hole.将下列句子变成被动语态：将下列句子变成被动语态：lThey made the piano in Germany in 1681.lI told you he could do it.lI cant find my bag.He must have stolen it.lThe police were questioning the man.lHe never expected they found the bicycle.lI found he had sent the parcle to the wrong place.语法学习语法学习I was
42、being tested for a driving license for the third time.I had been asked to drive in heavy traffic and had done so successfully.After having been instructed to drive out of town,I began to acquire confidence.I suddenly pressed the brake pedal hard and we were both thrown forward.Though the sound could
43、 be heard clearly,it took me a long time to react.a)a)用所给动词的正确时态和语态填空。用所给动词的正确时态和语态填空。l1.Many stars can _(see)at night.l2.The report is _(write)by one of the best students.l3.Upon _(rob),the man called the police at once.l4.He killed a child before _(arrest).l5.On _(tell)that her mother was seriousl
44、y ill,she hurried back to England.l6.She was sent abroad to _(train).l7.The huge bridge _(damage)before the World War.l8.He _(hear)to move about in her room upstairs last night.l9.After _(cheat)by a client,he changed his way of doing business.l10.The driver must _(punish)by the police,he looked so u
45、nhappy.Special difficultieslPractice and Advicelpractice n.（反复的）练习，实践，实行lpractise vt.&vi.练习，经常做l Jimmy used to practise(playing)football every afternoon.l She practises on the piano for three hours every day.lHe still needs a lot of practice.lHe practises the piano every day.Special difficultiesladv
46、ice n.忠告,劝告,建议(不可数名词)lShe gave me some good advice/a piece of advice about jobs.ladvise vt.&vi.劝告，向提供提议 She advised me against going to the party.l 她建议/劝我不要去参加聚会 lI want to give you some advice.lWhat do you advise me to do?.Special difficultieslEnjoy,Entertain and Amuselenjoy vt.欣赏，喜爱，享受之乐（后跟名词、l动名词
47、，用于主动语态）l I enjoy swimming in summer.l Were really enjoying ourselves.lentertain vt.款待，招待，请客；使快乐，给娱乐（=amuse）We often entertain friends at weekends.l .Special difficultieslUncle Sam entertains/amuses the children for hours at a time.l 萨姆叔叔一连好几小时地逗孩子们乐。l My children can entertain/amuse themselves for
48、hours with telling stories to each other.amuse vt.逗乐，逗笑（常用于被动语态）l She was amused by her fathers funny stories.l His story amused the children very much.Special difficultiesl过去进行时was almost beginningl1 过去进行时主要表示过去某个时刻或某一阶段正在进行的动作，常和表示过去时间的状语then，at this（that）time，yesterday，at nine，last night等连用。但在不少情
49、况下，没有表示时间的状语，这时需要通过上下文来表示。.lWhat were you doing at nine last night？l 昨晚九点时，你在做什么？l l I called you yesterday afternoon but there was no answer.l 昨天下午我打电话给你，但是没有人接电话。l l I was visiting a friend of mine most of the afternoon.l 我昨天下午大部分时间，都在一个朋友家里。.l2 当两个一长一短的动作在过去某时间同时发生时，用过去进行时表示较长的动作。过去进行时可用于主句，也可用于从
50、句。l It was raining hard when I left my office.l 当我离开办公室时，雨下得正大。l When you called，I was eating.l 你打电话时，我正在吃饭。.l When I was cleaning the windows，my brother was sweeping the floor.l l （当）我在擦窗户的时候，我弟弟在拖地。l l Some students were playing football，while others were running round the track.l l 一些学生在踢足球，同时别的学
