1、Inaugural Address of the US Presidentsbynatural-born American citizen of and over 35 years of agethe candidates nominated by the two major parties,the republican and the Democratic.each party holds its national convention every four years,in the summer before the general election.The convention is a
2、n assembly of party bosses and activists.American presidential election system1the aspirants for nomination begin their personal campaigns within the party.His purpose is to have his supporters chosen as delegates to the convention.the primary election.a candidate has to spend many millions of dolla
3、rs which comes from its personal collection,partys help and grant from the Government.American presidential election system2He has to travel all over the country,make countless speeches and shaking hands with countless voters,face his rival in debates on television,arouse public confidence in him.A
4、candidate must also try to profit from his rivals disadvantage.collect information about his rivals so as to employ the most profitable tactics.American presidential election system3The general election,held on the second Tuesday after the first Monday in November in each election year.Following the
5、 November general election，the President elected will happily prepare his inaugural address for the inauguration ceremony taking place before the U.S.Capitol Building on January 20.American presidential election systemHe will be busy framing his administration and getting ready to move into the Whit
6、e House.The White House is not a place for a President to stay permanently.He can never live in it for more than 8 years.American presidential election systemOrganizersSince 1901,all inaugural ceremonies at the United States Capitol have been organized by the Joint Congressional Committee on Inaugur
7、al Ceremonies.AttendeesIn addition to the public,the attendees at the ceremony generally include Members of Congress,Supreme Court justices,high-ranking military officers,former presidents,living Medal of Honor recipients,and other dignitaries.Inaugural ceremoniesInauguration Day On January 20 since
8、 1937 On April 30,1789,George Washington stepped onto a balcony of Federal Hall in New York City,placed his hand on a Bible and swore to preserve,protest and defend the constitution of the United States.Inauguration Day He then read an earnest speech,calling for united and effective government.Thus
9、began a unique American institution-Inauguration Day-those dramatic hours when a new president faces the people for the first time.He must tell the people what hes going to do as presidentThe solemn presidential oath:Traditionally administered by the Chief Justice,is prescribed in Article II,section
10、 1 of the Constitution of the United States.The oath runs as follows:“I do solemnly swear that I will faithfully execute the office of president of the United States,and will to the best of my ability,preserve,protect and defend the constitution of the United States.”Inauguration day and presidentia
11、l oath一、Morning Worship Service 4二、Procession to the Capitol for the swearing-in ceremony5三、Vice Presidents Swearing-In Ceremony Until 1937,the Vice President was sworn into office in the Senate chamber.新一届美国副总统拜登宣誓就职。四、Presidents Swearing-In Ceremony There have been 54 formal Presidential Inaugural
12、 ceremonies,held at over 10 different locations.五、Inaugural Address Since George Washington in 1789,every President has delivered an Inaugural address,ranging from 8,445 words,to just 135.1961年肯尼迪就职大年肯尼迪就职大典典六、Departure of the Outgoing President the outgoing President and First Lady leave the Capito
13、l to begin their post-presidential lives.1965年约翰逊就职大典年约翰逊就职大典 1969年年尼克松尼克松就职大典就职大典 七、七、Inaugural Luncheon Since 1953,the JCCIC has hosted a luncheon at the U.S.Capitol for the new President,Vice President,and guests.1997年克林顿就职典礼演说 八、Inaugural Parade While early parades were mostly military escorts,b
14、y 1841,floats,citizens groups,and bands became standard.九、Inaugural Ball The first Inaugural ball in Washington was thrown for James and Dolley Madison in 1809,at Longs Hotel.There have been as many as 14 balls.The purpose of a political speech to persuade to explain to convince people:to accept his
15、 point of view,to accept what he says so as to support himGeneral analysis of a political speech1.successful appeal to the emotion of the audience2.specific policy3.The speech must be concise and short4.clever-choice of words.5.the use of biblical.6.the use of a lot of rhetorical devices.6Inaugural
16、Address Memorable words have been uttered in inaugural address.In 1801,Thomas Jefferson:“absolute acquiescence in the will of the majority.”Abraham Lincoln,in 1861:“the mystic cords of memory,stretching forth from every battlefield and patriot grave.”In 1933 Franklin D.Roosevelt:“the only thing we h
17、ave to fear is fear itself.”In 1961,Johnn F.Kennedy said,“My fellow Americans:ask not what your country can do for you-ask what you can do for your country.”7Not all inaugural speeches have been a success.Martin Van Buren was overshadowed by the outgoing President Andrew Jackson,and the crowd barely
18、 listened to him.Franklin Pierce,in 1853,tried in vain to make himself heard above a howling snowstorm.Rutherford B.Hayes,winner of the disputed election of 1876,had to endure boos,catcalls,and assassination threats.Some presidents contributed personal touches to the ceremony.Washington added too hi
19、s oath“so help me God”,and kissed the Bible.In 1905,Theodore Roosevelt wore a ring containing a lock of hair cut from Lincolns head after he was shot.In 1937,Franklin D.Roosevelt rode bareheaded down Pennsylvania Avenue in an open car,sharing the driving rain with the spectators.In American history,
20、George Washingtons second address was the shortest(135 words)and William Henry Harrison delivered the longest(8495 words).Monday,March 4,1793Fellow Citizens:I AM again called upon by the voice of my country to execute the functions of its Chief Magistrate.When the occasion proper for it shall arrive
21、,I shall endeavor to express the high sense I entertain of this distinguished honor,and of the confidence which has been reposed in me by the people of united America.1 Previous to the execution of any official act of the President the Constitution requires an oath of office.This oath I am now about
22、 to take,and in your presence:That if it shall be found during my administration of the Government I have in any instance violated willingly or knowingly the injunctions thereof,I may(besides incurring constitutional punishment)be subject to the upbraidings of all who are now witnesses of the presen
23、t solemn ceremony.Kennedys inauguration Heavy snow fell the night before the inauguration,but thoughts about canceling the plans were overruled.The election of 1960 had been close,and the Democratic Senator from Massachusetts was eager to gather support for his agenda.He attended Holy Trinity Cathol
24、ic Church in Georgetown that morning before joining President Eisenhower to travel to the Capitol.The Congress had extended the East Front,and the inaugural platform spanned the new addition.The oath of office was administered by Chief Justice Earl Warren.Robert Frost read one of his poems at the ce
25、remony.The social background In what period in history did Kennedy become president?in 1960s Cold war is sth.which marks the situation in 1960s.The world is mainly divided into two hostile camps.1)socialist camp-headed by the Soviet Union2)capitalist camp-headed by the US The camps opposed each othe
26、r politically.The First American Revolution The American Revolution was not a revolution in the sense of a radical or total change.It was not a sudden and violent overturning of the political and social framework,such as later occurred in France and Russia,when both were already independent nations.
27、Significant changes were ushered in,but they were not breathtaking.What happened was accelerated evolution rather than outright revolution.During the conflict itself people went on working and praying,marrying and playing.Most of them were not seriously disturbed by the actual fighting,and many of t
28、he more isolated communities scarcely knew that a war was on.The first shots of the American Revolution were fired in Lexington,Massachusetts,on April 19,1775.The Declaration of Independence on July 4,1776,established a new nation and transformed a limited revolt to secure rights within the British
29、empire into a far-reaching one,aimed at complete independence from British control.Since the king and his ministers had determined to restore British rule,the Americans now faced a long,hard struggle for independence requiring a sustained national effort such as they had not expected in 1775.Cold Wa
30、rPostwar EstrangementThe Western democracies and the Soviet Union discussed the progress of World War II and the nature of the postwar settlement at conferences in Tehran(1943),Yalta(February 1945),and Potsdam(July-August 1945).After the war,disputes between the Soviet Union and the Western democrac
31、ies,particularly over the Soviet takeover of East European states,led Winston Churchill to warn in 1946 that an iron curtain was descending through the middle of Europe.For his part,Joseph Stalin deepened the estrangement between the United States and the Soviet Union when he asserted in 1946 that W
32、orld War II was an unavoidable and inevitable consequence of capitalist imperialism and implied that such a war might reoccur.The Cold War was a period of East-West competition,tension,and conflict short of full-scale war,characterized by mutual perceptions of hostile intention between military-poli
33、tical alliances or blocs.There were real wars,sometimes called proxy wars because they were fought by Soviet allies rather than the USSR itself-along with competition for influence in the Third World,and a major superpower arms race.Cold WarSoviet PerspectivesAfter World War II,Joseph Stalin saw the
34、 world as divided into two camps:imperialist and capitalist regimes on the one hand,and the Communist and progressive world on the other.In 1947,President Harry Truman also spoke of two diametrically opposed systems:one free,and the other bent on subjugating other nations.After Stalins death,Nikita
35、Khrushchev stated in 1956 that imperialism and capitalism could coexist without war because the Communist system had become stronger.The Geneva Summit of 1955 among Britain,France,the Soviet Union,and the United States,and the Camp David Summit of 1959 between Eisenhower and Khrushchev raised hopes
36、of a more cooperative spirit between East and West.In 1963 the United States and the Soviet Union signed some confidence-building agreements,and in 1967 President Lyndon Johnson met with Soviet Prime Minister Aleksei Kosygin in Glassboro,New Jersey.Interspersed with such moves toward cooperation,how
37、ever,were hostile acts that threatened broader conflict,such as the Cuban missile crisis of October 1962 and the Soviet-led invasion of Czechoslovakia of 1968.causes of the Cold WarThe causes of the Cold War are relatively simple when broken down into small pieces as essentially it was a war between
38、 two different ideologies.*American fear of communist attack*Trumans dislike of Stalin*Russias fear of the Americans atomic bomb*Russias dislike of capitalism*Russias actions in the Soviet zone of Germany*Americas refusal to share nuclear secrets*Russias expansion west into Eastern Europe+broken ele
39、ction promises*Russias fear of American attack*Russias need for a secure western border*Russias aim of spreading world communismThis feeling of suspicion lead to mutual distrust and this did a great deal to deepen the Cold WarInitial part of the address Vice President Johnson,Mr.Speaker,Mr.Chief Jus
40、tice,President Eisenhower,Vice President Nixon,President Truman,reverend clergy,fellow citizens,we observe today not a victory of party,but a celebration of freedomsymbolizing an end,as well as a beginningsignifying renewal,as well as change.For I have sworn before you and Almighty God the same sole
41、mn oath our forebears prescribed nearly a century and three quarters ago.The American Two-party SystemNo one now living in the United States can remember when the contest began between the Democratic and the Republican parties.It has been going on for more than a century,making it one of the oldest
42、political rivalries in the world.The American political system is a classical example of the two-party system.When we say that we have a two-party system in the United States we do not mean that we have only two parties.Usually about a dozen parties nominate presidential candidates.We call it a two-
43、party system because we have two large parties and a number of small parties,and the large parties are so large that we often forget about the rest.Usually the small parties collectively poll less than 5 per cent of the vote cast in national elections.The democratic and Republican parties are the la
44、rgest and most competitive organizations in the American community.The organize the electorate very simply by maintaining the two-party system.Americans almost inevitably become Democrats or Republicans because there is usually no other place for them go to.Moreover,because the rivalry of these part
45、ies is very old,most Americans know where they belong in the system.As a consequence of the dominance of the major parties,most elected officials are either Republicans or Democrats.Attempts to break up this old system have been made in every presidential election in the past one hundred years,but t
46、he system has survived all assaults.DemocraticRepublican But we shall always hope to find them strongly supporting their own freedom,and to remember that,in the past,those who foolishly sought power by riding the back of the tiger ended up inside.To our sister republics south of our border,we offer
47、a special pledge:To those nations who would make themselves our adversary we offer not a pledge but a request for peace before the dark powers of destruction unleashed by science engulf all humanity in planned or accidental self-destructionOverburdened by the cost of modern weapons Let us never nego
48、tiate out of fear,but let us never fear to negotiate.Let both sides invoke the wonders of science The shocked nation and the world sorrowfully recalled the ringing words of Kennedys inaugural address:Ask not what your country can do for you-ask what you can do for your country.Detail information in
49、this address In the opening,Kennedy mentioned the importance/significance of his election as president of the US.Then he pointed the general situation of this world-The world is very different General policy of the US-human rights Whom did he address?-some newly independent countries He is speaking
50、to Latin American countries.Usually the US regards the Latin American countries as the backyard of the US,for it has special interest in these countries.He is speaking to Latin American countries.Usually the US regards the Latin American countries as the backyard of the US,for it has special interes
