1、牛津译林版七年级上册英语Unit 7语法知识点总结Comic Strip知识点01 hate 教材P80【用法详解】hate v. 讨厌,恨 同义词:dislike hate doing sth (经常性)讨厌做某事 I hate singing in public. 我讨厌在公共场合唱歌。 hate to do sth (偶尔)讨厌做某事He hates to swim on rainy days. 他讨厌在雨天去游泳。hate sb to do sth 讨厌某人做某事I hate him to talk so much. 我讨厌他说那么多。【典例讲解】Amy _(hate)that boy
2、 because he took away her favourite toy.【答案】hated【解析】句意:艾米讨厌那个男孩,因为他拿走了她最喜欢的玩具。根据从句中的动词took可知,句子用的是一般过去时,主从句动作发生的时间要保持一致,所以主句的应该也用一般过去时,所以填hated。知识点02 carry 教材P80【用法详解】carry v. 拿、提、搬 carry sth to a place 把某物拿到某地 carry sth for sb 为某人拿某物Please carry the box for the teacher. 请为老师搬那个盒子。【典例讲解】This box se
3、ems _ for us to_ .A.light enough; carryB.enough light; carry itC.easily enough; carry itD.enough easily; carry【答案】A【解析】句意:这个箱子似乎足够轻,我们搬得动。考查enough位置和及物动词的用法。enough足够的(地),修饰形容词或副词时要后置,故排除B和D;系动词seems后接形容词,排除C。题中This box是carry的逻辑宾语,carry后不用it。故选A。【拓展】carry, bring, take与get 区别1. bring 和 take 是一对反义词。bri
4、ng 表示从别处把某人或物“带来”或“拿来”,而 take 则指把某人或物“带走”或“拿走”(到别处)。2. Please take the empty cup away and bring me a cup of tea. 请把这个空杯子拿走,给我拿杯茶来。3. He took out his dictionary and looked up the word. 他拿出词典来查这个词。4. 2. get 指到别处把某人或物带来,在意义上相当于 go and bring。5. Shall I get you your coat from the next room? 要不要我从隔壁房间把你的大
5、衣拿来?6. Its time to get the children from school. 是把孩子们从学校接回来的时候了。3.carry 指“随身携带”(如搬,提,拿,扛,抬,抱,背,带等),不具体说明来去的方向,有时含有沉重或麻烦之意。She carried her baby in her arms. 她把婴儿抱在怀里。I never carry much money(with me. 我身上从不带很多钱。知识点03 maybe 教材P81【用法详解】maybe adv. 也许,可能。常位于句首,做状语。Maybe you can ask him for help. 或许,你可以向他
6、寻求帮助。【典例讲解】Maybe he is in the library. He _ _ in the library.【答案】may be 【解析】句意:也许他在图书馆。maybe意为“也许;可能;大概”,表示推测;短语may be也可以表示推测。改后同义句的意思是:他可能在图书馆里。故填:may;be。【拓展】maybe 与 may be 区别词条含义及用法例句may be may be 是情态动词+ be 动词,在句中做谓语,位于句中。Maybe he is right.maybe maybe 是副词。在句中做状语,一般位于句首。He may be right.知识点04 be int
7、erested in 教材P81【用法详解】interested adj. (人)感兴趣的 be interested in 对.感兴趣 Im very interested in history.我很喜欢历史。Alexis notinterestedingirlsyet. 亚历克斯对女孩子还不感兴趣。interesting adj. (物)有趣的Didyougoanywhereinteresting? 你去过任何有趣的地方吗?Cantwedosomethingmoreinteresting? 我们就不能做点更有意思的事情吗?interest v. 使感兴趣;使关注Politics doesn
8、t interest me.我对政治不感兴趣。She always interests herself in charity work.她始终关注慈善工作。interest n. 兴趣,关注tofeel/have/show/express(an)interestin sth对感到表现出表示关注Do your parentstake an interest inyour friends?你的父母有兴趣了解你的朋友吗?I watchedwith interest.我兴致勃勃地看着。【典例讲解】_ of the boy students in my class_ collecting stamps.
9、A.Everyone, is interested inB.Each, is interested inC.All, are interesting inD.Most, is interested in【答案】B【解析】句意:我们班每个男生都对集邮感兴趣。考查不定代词和形容词短语。Everyone复合不定代词每个人,不与of连用;Each每个,可与of连用;All所有的,可与of连用;Most大多数,可与of连用。分析第二处可知,是形容词短语be interested in翻译为“对感兴趣”,排除C;分析剩余三项谓语动词可知,是表单数的is,排除D;又因为A项中的Everyone不与of连用,
10、排除A,故选B。知识点05 You are welcome. 教材P81【用法详解】You are welcome. 别客气,不用谢同义句:Thats ok. = Thats all right. = Not at all. = My pleasure. Thanks for helping me with English.You are welcome./ Thats ok. / Thats all right. / Not at all. / My pleasure.【典例讲解】 Thank you very much for sending the postcard. _.A.No wa
11、yB.Take it easyC.Never mindD.You are welcome【答案】D【解析】句意: 非常感谢你寄来的明信片。 不客气。考查情景交际。No way没门;Take it easy放轻松;Never mind没关系(回答别人的道歉);You are welcome不用谢。根据“Thank you very much for sending the postcard.”可知,下句应该是说“不用谢”,因此D符合语境。故选D。Reading知识点01 take a look 教材P82【用法详解】look n. 看 take a look = have a look 看一看
12、look作为动词的用法1、单独使用时,后不跟介词。I looked but saw nothing. 我看了,但什么也没看见。Look! Here comes the bus. 瞧!汽车来了。2、和at连用。The teacher is looking seriously at us. 老师正严肃地看着我们。Look at these pictures. How beautiful they are! 看这些画,它们是多么漂亮啊!3、用作连系动词,意为“看起来”。You look well/fine/healthy. 你看起来很健康。He looks a nice, honest man. 他
13、看上去是个诚实的好人。He looks in good health. 他看来十分健康。【典例讲解】Andy, _ (take) a look at this card.【答案】take【解析】句意:安迪,看看这张卡片。根据句首的人名“Andy”由逗号隔开,可知下句为祈使句,表示要求、请求或建议“Andy”做的事情,所以应用动词原形,故填take。【拓展】look短语搭配look at 看着; 看 ; 看望 ; 看待 look for 寻找;希望得到look out of 向/朝 . 看 look out for 小心look after 照看,照料 look around 四下环顾,到处寻找
14、知识点02 cost 教材P82【用法详解】cost v. 值多少钱,需付费. ,cost主语只能是物,不能是人。常用句型:sth cost sb some money 某物花了某人多少钱I didnt get it because it cost too much.因为那东西太昂贵我没买。Tickets cost ten dollars each.每张票价为十元。Dont use too much of ititcosts a lot of money. 这东西很贵,不要用得太多。cost n. 费用;花费;价钱thehigh/low costof housing住宅的高昂低廉费用The t
15、otal cost to you is 3 000.你总共要支付3 000英镑。【典例讲解】The trip to South Hill _ two hours and the _ of it was 80 yuan per student.A.took; spendB.spent; costC.paid; takeD.took; cost【答案】D【解析】句意:南山之旅花了两个小时,每个学生80元。考查词义辨析。take动词,花费,主语是物;spend动词,花费,主语是人;pay动词,付款,主语是人/名词,工资;cost动词,花费,主语是人/名词,花费。第一处作谓语,主语是“The trip
16、”,指物,用take,排除BC;第二处用在“the+n+of”结构中,用cost。故选D。【拓展】表示“花费”的四个词cost, spend, take, pay的区别:1. spend的主语必须是人, 常用于以下结构:2. (1) spend time money on sth. 在上花费时间(金钱)。I spent two hours on this maths problem. 这道数学题花了我两个小时。(2) spend time money (in) doing sth. 花费时间(金钱)做某事。They spent two years (in) building this brid
17、ge. 造这座桥花了他们两年时间。2. cost的主语是物或某种活动, 还可以表示“值”, 常见用法如下:sth. costs (sb.) 金钱: 某物花了(某人)多少钱。A new computer costs a lot of money. 买一台新电脑要花一大笔钱。3. take后面常跟双宾语, 常见用法有以下几种:It takes sb. 时间to do sth. 做某事花了某人多少时间。It took them three years to build this road. 他们用了三年时间修完了这条路。4. pay的主语必须是人, 常用于以下结构:sb pay some money
18、 for sth. 付钱(给某人)买I have to pay them 20 pounds for this room each month. 我每个月要付20英磅的房租。知识点03 cheap 教材P82【用法详解】cheap adj. 便宜的 反义词:expensive Most people think that shopping online is cheap. 大部分人认为网购便宜。当表示“物品的昂贵或便宜”时,常用expensive或cheap表示,而“价格的高低”则用high或low来表示。The dress is very cheap. I will take it. 这件连
19、衣裙恨便宜,我要买下它。The price of the watch is too high. 这个表的价格太高了。【典例讲解】The iPhone 12 is not _ and I dont have _ to buy it.A.cheap enough; enough moneyB.expensive enough; money enoughC.enough cheap; enough moneyD.enough expensive; money enough【答案】A【解析】句意:iPhone 12不够便宜,我没有足够的钱买它。 考查enough的用法。enough的位置是名词前形容词
20、后,第一空排除CD,第二空排除B,故选A。知识点04 each 教材P82【用法详解】each 和 every 的用法及区别1. each着重于个别的“每个”,一般用于指两个或两个以上的人或物中的一个;有“各自”的含义,并不强调整体概念。every着重于全体而不是个别的“每个”,通常用于指三个或三个以上的人或物中的一个。有“整体”的含义。Each of them goes to a different factory. 他们各自去了不同的工厂。Every one of them goes to the same factory. 他们每个人都去了同一个工厂。2. each可用作形容词,也可用作
21、代词,作代词时可以单独用作主语,后面的谓语动词用单数形式);every只能用作形容词,它不能单独作代词用,只有在和其它词构成复合代词或与名词连用时,才能用作主语或宾语。Each of us has his merits. 我们每个人都有自己的优点。Everybody is here and each is doing his own job. 大家都在这儿,各干各的活儿。【典例讲解】_ often play football after school, and we often help _ after class.A.Simon and I; with each otherB.I and S
22、imon; with each otherC.Simon and I; each otherD.I and Simon; each other【答案】C 【解析】句意:Simon和我放学后经常踢足球,下课后我们经常互相帮助。考查人称代词排序。Simon是第三人称单数,I是第一人称单数,当第三人称和第一人称单数同时出现时,把第三人称放前面,第一人称放后面;help each other互相帮助。故选C。知识点05 match 教材P82【用法详解】1.match v. 与.相配,般配;相配The doors were painted blue to match the walls. 门漆成了蓝色
23、,为的是与墙的颜色相配。a scarf with glovesto match 一条围巾还有和它相配的手套2.match n. 火柴a box of matches一盒火柴toput a match to sth(= set fire to sth) 用火柴点燃某物3.match n. 比赛;竞赛a football match 足球比赛 a tennis match 网球比赛towin/lose a match赢得输掉比赛【典例讲解】 _ this purple skirt _ me beautifully?Yes. Your white blouse is a perfect _ for
24、it.A.Is; suit; matchB.is, suitable for; pairC.Does, suit; matchD.Does, fit; pair【答案】C【解析】句意:这件紫色的裙子,我穿了漂亮么?是的,你的白色衬衫和它很配。考查动词词义辨析。suit合适,一般指花色,款式,风格等的合适,动词;match匹配,指两个事物的大小,性质等方面的相配,动词;suitable合适的,形容词;pair一对,一双,名词;fit适合,一般指大小,尺寸的合适,动词。根据在一般疑问句中,动词前用助动词修饰,形容词前用be动词修饰,故排除A;根据“this purple skirt _ me be
25、autifully”可知,指这件紫色裙子的款式是否适合我,故排除D;再根据“Your white blouse is a perfect _ for it.”可知,第二空指你的白色衬衫和它很配,故空格的意思指和相配。故选C。知识点06 enough 教材P82【用法详解】1. enough : 足够, 当修饰名词时,enough放在名词的前面或后面都可以。Thats enough food for everyone. 每个人都有足够的食物。We have enough time to read the books. 我们有足够的时间阅读这些书。2. enough 用作副词,修饰形容词或副词时,
26、放在被修饰词的后面,常用结构为:形容词/副词 + enough + to do sth:足够.做某事The little girl is old enough to dress herself. 这个小女孩年龄足够大,可以给自己穿衣服了。【典例讲解】His joke is _ to make us all _.A.enough funny; laughB.funny enough; laughC.enough funny; to laughD.funny enough; to laugh【答案】B【解析】句意:他的笑话十分搞笑,使我们大家都笑了起来。考查副词和非谓语动词的用法。enough在这
27、里用作副词,意为“足够地”,可修饰形容词或副词,要放在所修饰的形容词或副词之后,故第一个空用funny enough;使役动词make后跟省略to的动词不定式,在句中作宾语补足语,即make sb. do sth.,意为“让某人做某事”,故第二个空用laugh。故选B。知识点07 change 教材P82【用法详解】change n. 零钱,找头Dont forget your change!别忘了找给你的零钱!Thats 40p change.这是找给您的40便士。The ticket machine gives change.自动售票机可以找零。change v. 改变,变化 Leaves
28、changecolourinautumn. 树叶在秋天改变颜色。Inmyviewthingswontchange. 在我看来形势不会改变。Wecantchangeourplansnow. 我们现在不能改变计划了。change n. 改变, 变化a change in the weather天气的变化important changes to the village 村庄的重大变革She is someone who hates change.她是十分讨厌变革的那种人。【典例讲解】The book is forty-six yuan. Heres your _ (零头). Its four yua
29、n.Thank you.【答案】change【解析】句意:这本书是四十六元。这是找你的零钱。四元。谢谢你。空格在形容词性物主代词后,填名词;change意为“零头”,名词;故填change。知识点08 different from 教材P84【用法详解】different adj. 不同的 be different from 与.不同 反义短语:the same as 与.一样Her hobbies are different from mine. 她的爱好与我的不同。 【典例讲解】I dont care if my friends are the same _ me or different
30、 _ me.A.as; asB.from; fromC.as; fromD.from; as【答案】C【解析】句意:我不在乎我的朋友和我是一样的还是不同的。考查介词辨析。as如同;from来自。和一样:the same as,固定短语;与不同:be different from,固定短语。故选C。Grammar 知识点01 some any 教材P85【用法详解】some 和any 的主要区别为:1. some和any都表示 “一些”,但是一般情况下,“some”用于肯定句,any用于否定句和疑问句。2. There are some apples in the basket.篮子里有一些苹果
31、.3. 否定句:There are not any apples in the basket.篮子里没有苹果.4. 疑问句:Are there any apples in the basket?篮子里有苹果吗?5. 2. some用于疑问句中1) 表示问话人盼望得到肯定的答复。Can I have some apples?Certainly!2) 表示建议。What about some fruit juice? 喝点儿果汁怎么样.3.any用于肯定句中1)表示三个或三个以上的人或事物中的一个。You may take any one of these books.你可以随便拿一本书。He s
32、tudies harder than any of his classmates. 他比班上任何一个学生都努力.=He studies harder than any other student in his class. 2)作任何,无论谁解。Any of them will do.他们中间的谁都行.Any of them can tell you.他们无论谁都能告诉你.【典例讲解】1.Can I have _ sweets?Sorry, I dont have _. Ill buy _ from the supermarket.A.some; any; someB.any; any; so
33、meC.any; some; someD.some; any; any【答案】A【解析】句意:我可以吃些糖果吗?对不起,我没有。我去超市买一些。考查形容词辨析。 some和any一些,可以修饰可数和不可数名词。some常用于肯定句和表示请求建议的疑问句中;any常用于疑问句和否定句。第一空希望得到肯定回答用some;第二空否定句用any;第三空肯定句用some。故选A。2.Im a little hungry, Mum! Can I have _ pies?There arent _ pies. There is only _ bread on the table. You may take
34、it.A.any; any; someB.some; any; anyC.some; some; someD.some; any; some【答案】D【解析】句意:我有点饿,妈妈!我可以吃点馅饼吗?没有馅饼了。在桌子上只有一些面包。你可以吃它。考查不定代词辨析。some一些,用于肯定句或表请求的疑问句;any任何,用于疑问句或否定句。第一个句子表请求,希望得到对方肯定回答,故第一空填some;第二个空所在句子是否定句,故第二空填any。第三个空所在句子是肯定句,故第三个空填some,故选D。3.Are there _ apples on the tree?No, there are _ bir
35、ds in it.A.some; anyB.any; someC.any; anyD.some; some【答案】B【解析】句意:树上有苹果吗?不,里面有一些鸟。考查不定代词。some一般用在肯定句中和表示用于表示建议、请求或希望得到肯定回答的疑问句;any用在疑问句和否定句中;空格在一般疑问句,用any;空格2在肯定句中,用some;故选B。知识点02 there be 教材P86【用法详解】1.在There be 句型中出现两个及以上的主语时,Be动词的选择就应该以较接近的主语为主,即就近原则,顾名思义,就是以近处的主语为主。There be句型的就近原则是There be句型中be动词的
36、单复数形式由后面挨近的一项的单复数决定。There is a pen,two books and many pencils on the desk.在本句中尽管有钢笔、书和铅笔,但是由于离be动词最近的一项是单数a pen,因此,be动词用单数is。There is a book and three cats.= There are three cats and a book.6. there be 表示某处有某物,表示一种客观存在,have 表示一种主观拥有。There is a book in Toms schoolbag.= Tom has a book in his schoolbag
37、. 7.there be 结构的将来时态:there is going to be .= there will be .There is going to be a meeting tomorrow.= There will be a meeting tomorrow.【典例讲解】1.There _ many foreign students in her class.Yes. I know two of them are _.A.are; JapaneseB.is; AustralianC.are; GermanyD.is; America【答案】A【解析】句意:在她的班上有很多外国学生。对
38、。我知道他们中有两个是日本人。考查主谓一致及名词辨析。Japanese日本人;Australian澳大利亚人;Germany德国;America美国。第一句是there be句型,主语many foreign students是复数,故用be动词are,故排除B、D选项。根据“I know two of them are”可知,此处指某个国家的人,故排除C选项。故选A。2.There _ great changes in Tianshui in next ten years.A.areB.wereC.will beD.are going to have【答案】C【解析】句意:在未来的十年里,在
39、天水市将会有巨大的变化。考查动词时态。根据“in next ten years”可知,此句用there be句型的一般将来时结构:there will be或there is/are gong to be,there be句型不能与have同时存在,故选C。3.There _ still some orange juice in the fridge. Its not necessary for us to go to the supermarket now.A.isB.areC.wasD.were【答案】A【解析】句意:冰箱里还有一些橙子汁。我们现在没有必要去超市。考查主谓一致。表示某处有某
40、物常用There be 句型。本句主语some orange juice属不可数名词,be动词应用单数形式,根据“Its not necessary for us to go to the supermarket now.”可知,句中时态为一般现在时,所以be动词使用is。故选A。Integrated Skills - Task 知识点01 need. most 教材P88【用法详解】need . most 最需要need作为情态动词:need do sth(需要做某事) neednt do sth (不必做某事) You neednt finish that work today.你不必今天
41、做完这项工作。If she wants anything, sheneed onlyask.她想要什么东西,只要开一下口就行了 need作为实义动词: need to do sth (需要做某事) dont need to do sth (不必做某事)need sb/sth 需要某人/ 某物 need sb to do sth 需要某人做某事Do you need any help?你需要帮忙吗?Dont goI might need you.别走我可能要你帮忙。I need to get some sleep.我需要睡会儿觉。He needs to win this game to stay
42、 in the match.他得赢下这场比赛以免被淘汰出局。You dont need to leave yet, do you?你不必现在就走吧?need作为名词: in need of 需要There isno needfor you to get up early tomorrow.你明天不必早起。Ihad no need toopen the letterI knew what it would say.我没必要拆开那封信我知道里面会说些什么。The house isin need ofa thorough clean.这房子需要来个大扫除。【典例讲解】Mother _ buy any
43、 milk today.A.needs notB.doesnt need toC.neednt toD.doesnt need【答案】B【解析】句意:妈妈今天不需要买牛奶。考查否定句谓语形式。needs not表述错误;doesnt need to不必;neednt to表述错误;doesnt need不需要。need to do sth.“需要做某事”,作为实义动词变否定句需借助助动词do。故选B。知识点02 a pair of 教材P88【用法详解】a pair of 修饰可数名词复数做主语,谓语动词的单复数和pair保持一致。A pair of trousers is on the be
44、d. 一条裤子在床上。Here is a pair of glasses on the desk. 这儿桌子上有一副眼镜。【典例讲解】Look! There _ a pair of glasses and two boxes on the table.A.isB.areC.wasD.were【答案】A【解析】句意:看!桌子上有一副眼镜和两个盒子。根据“Look!”可知要用一般现在时,There be句型遵循就近一致原则,be动词与“a pair of glasses”的数保持一致,由“a pair”可知要用is。故选A。知识点03 try on 教材P88【用法详解】try on 试穿,试戴,它是由动词和副词构成的动词词组,名词做宾语时,可以放在该词组的后面或中间,但是人称代词做宾语时,人称代词要放中间。Please try on the coat. = Please try the coat on. 请试穿一下这件上衣。It looks nice. You can try