1、Overview of adverbial clauses 句句 子子 的的 分分 类类 Adverbial Clauses Definition An adverbial clause is a dependent clause that functions as an adverb. Compare the two sentences: Every morning he sits there. Every morning he sits where there is a palm tree. Time 时间状语从句时间状语从句 Place 地点状语从句地点状语从句 Reason 原因状语从
2、句原因状语从句 Condition 条件状语从句条件状语从句 Purpose 目的状语从句目的状语从句 Result 结果状语从句结果状语从句 Manner 方式状语从句方式状语从句 Concession 让步状语从句让步状语从句 Contrast 比较状语从句比较状语从句 Adverbial Clause Adverbial Clauses 在复合句中由从句表示的状语称作状语在复合句中由从句表示的状语称作状语 从句，它可以用来修饰谓语（包括非谓语动从句，它可以用来修饰谓语（包括非谓语动 词）、定语或状语，或是整个句子。词）、定语或状语，或是整个句子。 准确掌握每一个连接词的含义是掌握状准确掌
3、握每一个连接词的含义是掌握状 语从句的关键。同时要注意主从句的时态呼应。语从句的关键。同时要注意主从句的时态呼应。 高考英语状语从句及连接词的应用高考英语状语从句及连接词的应用 1. Adverbial Clause of Time 常用连接词：常用连接词：when/while/as, since, till /until, before, once, as soon as 特殊连接词：特殊连接词：immediately/directly/instantly the moment/the instant/the minute, by the time, each time/every time
4、 /whenever no sooner than, hardly (scarcely) when 从句一般用一般现在时表示将来，用现在完成从句一般用一般现在时表示将来，用现在完成 时表示将来完成时时表示将来完成时 1. While （当（当时）时）Jenny was doing the washing up, Jane was watching TV. 2. The train had left by the time （到（到 时）时）they rushed to the station. 1. Adverbial Clause of Time 3. The instant （一（一就就）
5、I saw him, I knew I have seen him before. 4. Every time （每次）（每次）I went to visit him, he was playing computer games. 5. Each time （每当）（每当）we met with difficulties, they came to our help 6. No sooner had I arrived home than （刚（刚就就）it began to rain. 1. Adverbial Clause of Time 2. Adverbial Clause of Pl
6、ace 常用连接词：常用连接词：where 特殊连接词：特殊连接词：everywhere anywhere wherever Put the key where you can find it later. Everywhere they went, they were kindly received. Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者事竟成。（谚语）有志者事竟成。（谚语） Wherever there is smoke, there is fire. 无风不起浪。（谚语）无风不起浪。（谚语） 3. Adverbial Clause of R
7、eason 常用连接词：常用连接词：because since as for 特殊连接词：特殊连接词：that in that now (that) seeing that considering that giving that for the reason that 3. Adverbial Clause of Reason 1. Since /As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey. 2. He is absent today, because for he is ill. 3. He must be ill for
8、he is absent today. 3. Adverbial Clause of Reason 4. Im happy that youve told the truth. 5. Some people say man differs from animals in that we have the ability to laugh. 6. Considering that his wife has just had a bad cold, he decided to go to the party alone. 4. Adverbial Clause of Condition 常用连接词
9、常用连接词: if, unless, as / so long as 特殊连接词特殊连接词: providing / provided that, supposing that, in case that, on condition that, given that If引导的条件句有真实条件句和虚拟条件句两引导的条件句有真实条件句和虚拟条件句两 种，种，虚拟条件句要用虚拟语气。虚拟条件句要用虚拟语气。 4. Adverbial Clause of Condition 1. I will go to the party if I am invited. 2. I wont go to the
10、party unless invited. 3. Well let you use the room on condition that you keep it clean. 4. You will certainly succeed so long as you keep on trying. 5. Provided that there is no opposition, we shall hold the meeting here. 5. Adverbial Clause of Purpose 常用连接词：常用连接词：so that, in order that 特殊连接词：特殊连接词：
11、lest, in case, for fear that, in the hope that, for the purpose that 从句中的谓语动词常常用从句中的谓语动词常常用may, might, can, could, should等情态动词等情态动词 1. Speak louder so that everyone can hear you. 5. Adverbial Clause of Purpose 2. They started early in order that they could arrive home before dinner time. 3. We dare
12、not play jokes on him lest he (should) be angry. 4. We stood under the tree quietly for fear that the bird (should) fly away. 表示目的的几种句型表达表示目的的几种句型表达 He got up early to catch the early bus. = He got up early in order to catch the early bus. = He got up early so as to catch the early bus. = He got up
13、early so that he could catch the early bus. = He got up early in order that he could catch the early bus. 6. Adverbial Clause of Result 常用连接词常用连接词: so/such that, so that 特殊连接词特殊连接词: to the /such a degree that, to the extent that He got up so early that he caught the first bus. Its such a good chance
14、 that we must not miss it. 6. Adverbial Clause of Result To such a degree was he excited that he couldnt sleep last night. His humour was such as to make us all laugh. = He was so humourous as to make us all alugh. = He was so humourous that we all laugh. 7. Adverbial Clause of Manner 常用引导词：常用引导词：as
15、, as if, as though 特殊引导词：特殊引导词： how, the way, A is to B what C is to D / C is to D 1. Youd better take things as they are. 2. When in Rome, do as the Roman do. 3. Food is to men is what oil is to machine. 食物之于人，犹如油之于机器。食物之于人，犹如油之于机器。 7. Adverbial Clause of Manner 4. Sometimes we teach our children t
16、he way our parents have taught us. 在在as if或或as though引导的状语从句中多用引导的状语从句中多用 过去时过去时表示虚拟语气。表示虚拟语气。 5. He looked at me as if I were mad. 6. He acted as though he had been there before. 8. Adverbial Clause of Concession 常用连接词常用连接词: though, although, even if even though 特殊连接词：特殊连接词：while(一般用于句首一般用于句首), as(
17、用于倒装结构用于倒装结构) whether or, wh-ever = no matter wh- 8. Adverbial Clause of Concession 1. Though he is young, he could solve the problem on his own. = Young as he is, he could solve the problem on his own. 2. Although he is a child, he could solve the problem on his own. = Child as he is, he could solv
18、e the problem on his own. 9. Adverbial Clause of Contrast 常用连接词常用连接词: as as, not so/as as ( 同级比较同级比较), than (不同程度的比较不同程度的比较) 特殊连接词特殊连接词: the +比较级比较级, the + 比较级比较级; 1. The little girl wants to be as clever as her brother. 2. He doesnt work so hard as you do. 9. Adverbial Clause of Contrast 3. The mor
19、e you worry, the less youll succeed. 4. She did worse in the test than she expected. 9. Adverbial Clause of Contrast 5. 这个房间是哪个房间的三倍大。这个房间是哪个房间的三倍大。 This room is three times as large as that one. This room is three times larger than that one. This room is three times the size of that one. 9. Adverbi
20、al Clause of Contrast 6. 今年的收入是去年的两倍。今年的收入是去年的两倍。 The income of this year is twice that of last year. The income of this year is twice what it was last year. . 考点一考点一 高频连接词高频连接词 29 when / while / as when: 持续性非持续性动词都可持续性非持续性动词都可 1) 当当时候时候 Are you going to be a sailor when you leave school? 2) 正在正在忽然忽
21、然 when =at this time / at that time sb. was doing when sb was about to do /was going to do when sb has just done when 3) 表示原因“表示原因“既然既然”“”“考虑到考虑到”，相当于”，相当于 since; considering that。 Why do you want a new job when youve got such a good one already? while While I was walking down the street, I came acr
22、oss an old friend. (while=_) He likes pop music, while I am fond of folk music. (while=_) While I really dont like art, I find his work impressive. (while=_) While there is life there is hope. (while=_) when although as long as 而而 1.She sang as she worked. 一边一边一边一边 2. Smart as he is ,he doesnt study
23、 hard. 虽然虽然，尽管尽管 3. You must try to do as I did. 依照依照，按照按照 4. As she was late for class, she had to say sorry. 因为因为 5. You will grow wiser as you grow olde 随着随着 before It will be half a year before I come back. It wont be half a year before we meet again. We sailed four days and nights before we saw
24、 the land. We hadnt run a mile before he felt tired. 肯定句肯定句 “ 才”才” 否定句否定句 “就”“就” it will be +一段时间一段时间 before多久之后才多久之后才. it wont be +一段时间一段时间 before不久就不久就 since before when that It is + 时间时间+ 易混淆句型易混淆句型 Its three days since he returned home. It was three days before he returned home. It will be three
25、 days before he returned home. It was three days later that he returned home. It was three oclock when he got home. It was at three oclock that he got home. where引导的定语从句和状语从句的区别引导的定语从句和状语从句的区别 和联系和联系 where： 引导定语从句时，相当于引导定语从句时，相当于in / at / to which; where： 引导状语从句时，相当于引导状语从句时，相当于in / at / to the place
26、 where Please make a mark in the place where you have a question. 定语从句定语从句 Please make a mark where you have a question. 状语从句状语从句 unless 除非，如果不除非，如果不 相当于相当于if not Most birds find it safe to sleep in the trees, but _ they have eggs or young chicks, they dont use a nest. A. why B. how C. unless D. whe
27、re so / such that so + adj. / adv. + that so + adj. + a(n) + n. + that such + a(n) + adj. + n. + that such + adj. + n. (UC) / n.(pl.) + that + He is such a good teacher that we all respect him. = He is so good a teacher that we all respect him. = So good a teacher is he that we all respect him. = Su
28、ch a good teacher is he that we all respect him. He made such rapid progress that the teacher praise him. He made so much progress that the teacher praise him. “一一就就 ”的表达法”的表达法 as soon as hardly / scarcely when no sooner that the moment / minute / second / instant immediately / instantly / directly
29、on / upon + n. / doing 他一到达车站汽车就发动了。他一到达车站汽车就发动了。 As soon as (连词连词) he arrived at the station, the bus started. = Hardly (连词连词) had he arrived at the station when the bus started. = No sooner (连词连词) had he arrived at the station than the bus started. = Immediately (副词副词) he arrived at the station, t
30、he bus started. = The moment (名词名词) had he arrived at the station when the bus started. = Upon / On (介词介词) his arrival at the station, the bus started. until / till 均可用于肯定句，但均可用于肯定句，但until可用于句首，可用于句首，till 则不可。则不可。 肯定句：肯定句： She slept till / until midnight. Until you told me, I had heard nothing of wh
31、at happened. 否定句：否定句： She didnt arrive until midnight. He didnt go to bed until he finished his work. = Not until he finished his work did he go to bed. (倒装句倒装句) = It was not until he finished his homework that he went to bed. (强调句强调句) however, whatever however：后接：后接adj.或或adv., 相当于相当于no matter how w
32、hatever：后接：后接n., 相当于相当于no matter what。 However difficult it may be, you shouldnt give up. Whatever difficulties you may come across, you shouldnt give up. However many difficulties you may come across, you shouldnt give up. You can dress however you like. You can wear whatever you like. 区别几组词区别几组词 1
33、 as long as 和和 as far as as long as = so long as 只要只要 As far as = so far as 就就而言；到而言；到程度程度 2 only if 和和 if only only if 只要只要 If only 要是要是就好了就好了 3 as if 和和even if as if 似乎，好像似乎，好像 even if 即使，纵然即使，纵然 4 despite 和和 although despite (介词介词)虽然虽然 although (连词连词)虽然虽然 5 with 和和 as with (介词介词)随着随着 as (连词连词)随着随
34、着 . 考点二考点二 状语从句中成分的省略状语从句中成分的省略 53 当状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致时，从当状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致时，从 句的主语可以省略。谓语则按下面几种情况句的主语可以省略。谓语则按下面几种情况 省略或变化：省略或变化： 1. “系表”结构省略系表”结构省略be动词；动词； 2. 被动语态省略助动词被动语态省略助动词be； 3. 主动语态的动词则变为主动语态的动词则变为doing。 * after, before, since后接后接being done表示被动。表示被动。 If necessary (如果有必要的话如果有必要的话), Ill explain it
35、 to you again. Though lacking (lack) money, they sent their children to school. He stopped as if to see (see) if someone followed him. 状语从句同时具备下列两个条件状语从句同时具备下列两个条件: 主句和从句的主语一致，或从句主语为主句和从句的主语一致，或从句主语为it； 从句主要动词是从句主要动词是be的某种形式。的某种形式。 从句中的主语和从句中的主语和be动词常可省略。动词常可省略。 When ( the museum is ) completed , th
36、e museum will be open to the public next year . If (it is) possible, he will help you out of the difficulty. 如果可能的话，他会帮你摆脱困境。如果可能的话，他会帮你摆脱困境。 You must attend the meeting unless (it is) inconvenient to you. 除非情况对你来说不方便除非情况对你来说不方便,否则你必须出席这否则你必须出席这 次会议。次会议。 另外，比较状语从句经常省略。另外，比较状语从句经常省略。 Im taller than h
37、e (is tall ). The higher the temperature (is), the greater the pressure (is ). 【注意注意】： 当从句主语和主句主语不一致时，从句部分当从句主语和主句主语不一致时，从句部分 要么用完全形式，要么用要么用完全形式，要么用独立主格结构独立主格结构来表来表 达。达。 When the meeting was over, all the people went out of the meeting-room. 当会议结束时，人们都走出了会议室。当会议结束时，人们都走出了会议室。 =The meeting over, all
38、the people went out of the meeting-room. . 考点三考点三 时态一致性时态一致性 59 在在时间时间或或条件条件状语从句中，当主句是将来时的状语从句中，当主句是将来时的 时候，从句的时候，从句的谓语动词谓语动词一般用“一般用“一般现在时一般现在时” 表表 示“示“一般将来时一般将来时”，用“”，用“现在完成时现在完成时”表示“”表示“ 将来将来 完成时完成时”。要注意”。要注意时态一致时态一致。 They are going to have a picnic if it doesnt rain next week. As soon as I have f
39、inished this work, I will have gone home. . 考点四考点四 状语从句与倒装句状语从句与倒装句 61 as引导让步状语从句时，通常从句要倒装引导让步状语从句时，通常从句要倒装 as表示“虽然，尽管”引导让步状语从句时，表示“虽然，尽管”引导让步状语从句时， 出出 于强调的目的要倒装，即从句中的表语、谓语于强调的目的要倒装，即从句中的表语、谓语 动词或做状语的副词调至从句之首动词或做状语的副词调至从句之首 a. 句首名词不能带任何冠词。句首名词不能带任何冠词。 b. 句首是实义动词，其他助动词放在主语后。句首是实义动词，其他助动词放在主语后。 如果实义动词
40、有宾语和状语，随实义动词如果实义动词有宾语和状语，随实义动词 一起放在主语之前。一起放在主语之前。 句型为：句型为：名词名词/形容词形容词/过去分词过去分词 + as / though +主语主语 + 动词动词 + 主句主句 1. Though he is a small child, he knows what is the right thing to do. Child as he is, he knows what is the right thing to do. 2. Though he worked hard, he never seemed able to do the wor
41、k satisfactorily. Hard as he worked, he never seemed able to do the work satisfactorily. 3. Though you may fail, you should never give up. Fail as you may, you should never give up. 4. Though it was raining heavily outside, they started out very early. Heavily as it was raining outside, they started
42、 out very early. 5. _, Carolina couldnt get the door open. A. Try as she might B. As she might try C. She might as try D. Might she as try 6. _, he talks a lot about his favorite singers after class. A. A quiet student as he may be B. Quiet student as he may be C. Be a quiet student as he may D. Qui
43、te as he may be a student so , such 引导的结果状语从句置于引导的结果状语从句置于 句首，会引起倒装。句首，会引起倒装。 1. So angry was he that he yelled at me. 2. Such a nice day was it that we picnicked on the grass. 3. So difficult _ it to work out the problem that I decided to asked Tom for advice. A. I did find B. did I find C. I have
44、found D. have I found “only + 状语从句状语从句”位于句首，主句用部分位于句首，主句用部分 倒装语序，从句语序不变倒装语序，从句语序不变 Only when the war was over _ to his hometown. A. did the young soldier return B. the young soldier returned. C. returned the young soldier D. the young soldier did return not until 从句被提到句首时，主句用部分从句被提到句首时，主句用部分 倒装语序，从句
45、语序不变倒装语序，从句语序不变 Not until all the fish died in the river _ how serious the pollution was. A. did the villagers realize B. the villagers realized C. the villagers did realize D. didnt the villagers realize 表示“一表示“一就就”的两个常见结构的两个常见结构 “No sooner had than .” “Hardly / Scarcely had when .”. Did Linda see
46、the traffic accident? No, no sooner _ than it happened. A. had she gone B. she had gone C. has she gone D. she has gone . 考点五考点五 注意区分不同从句注意区分不同从句 71 引导的是什么从句，不仅要根据连词，还要引导的是什么从句，不仅要根据连词，还要 根据句子结构和句意来判别。根据句子结构和句意来判别。 You are to find it where you left it. 地点状语从句地点状语从句 Tell me the address where he lives
47、. 定语从句，句中有先行词定语从句，句中有先行词 I dont know where he came from. 宾语从句宾语从句 Where he has gone is not known yet. 主语从句主语从句 This place is where they once hid. 表语从句表语从句 . 考点六考点六 并列句与状语从句并列句与状语从句 73 并列句的基本概念并列句的基本概念 并列句是由两个或两个以上并列而又独并列句是由两个或两个以上并列而又独 立的简单句构成。在并列句中，这些简单句立的简单句构成。在并列句中，这些简单句 常由并列连词连在一起。并列连词所连接的常由并列连词
48、连在一起。并列连词所连接的 简单句被称为分句。简单句被称为分句。 常见的并列句常见的并列句 1. 表递进关系：表递进关系： 用来表递进关系的并列连词有用来表递进关系的并列连词有and, not only but also ，neither nor , not but 等。等。 2. 表选择关系：表选择关系： 常用的并列连词有常用的并列连词有or, either or ， otherwise等。等。 Either you are right, or I am. 3. 表转折对比关系表转折对比关系： 常用的并列连词有常用的并列连词有but, yet, whereas, while等。等。 The car is old, (and/but) yet it is in g
