1、江苏省镇江市2022-2023学年高一下学期期末英语试卷学校:_姓名：_班级：_考号：_一、阅读理解About UsScienceABCcom was launched with the only goal of finding and sharing fun and interesting science facts. We believe that science is a fascinating (有极大吸引力的) and valuable area of study for people of all ages. The Story So FarSTEM (Science, Techn
2、ology, Engineering and Maths) as a field of education creates fear among many. But we believe that if told in a simpler way, it can be fascinating for one and all. This thought gave birth to ScienceABC com in 2015. Since then, our mission has been to find interesting science questions and provide an
3、swers to them using proper scientific resources and journals. The TeamAbhishek Jain, the chief Abhishek is a Chemical Engineer from IIT Bombay (India). In 2012, he started BijliB, a website devoted to pushing consumer behavior towards sustainability and energy-efficient living. However, his love for
4、 science education gradually drove him to start ScienceABC Ashish Tiwari, content manager/physics and chemistry editorAshish is a Science graduate from Punjabi University (India). He manages ScienceABCs official Youtube channel. He is enthusiastic about how thoroughly science influences every aspect
5、 of life. John Staughton, language editorJohn is a traveling writer, editor and publisher who earned his English and Integrative Biology degrees from the University of Illinois in Champaign, Urbana (USA). He loves nothing more than discussing science. Ketaki Bapat, writerKetaki Bapat is a student of
6、 Cosmetic Technology at Kamla Nehru Mahavidyalaya, Nagpur(India). Science has always intrigued her with her special interest in life sciences, biochemistry and psychology. During her free time, she enjoys reading historical books1What is special about ScienceABCcom?AIt is intended for children.BIt p
7、ublishes scientific journals.CIt explains science in simple words.DIt focuses on designing STEM courses.2What can we learn about Abhishek Jain?AHe acts as a content manager.BHe is a professor of IIT Bombay.CHe started ScienceABCcom in 2012.DHe supports environmentally-friendly living.3What do the te
8、am members have in common?AThey like reading historical books.BThey are good at engineering.CThey have enthusiasm for science.DThey graduated from Indian schools.National Geographic Explorer Malaika Vaz knew from early on that she was destined for adventure. “I was someone who spent a lot of time ou
9、tdoors,” Vaz says. Among her childhood experiences, she recalls expeditions to the Arctic and Antarctic, climbing mountains, scuba diving, and windsurfing.“In my late teens,” Vaz says, “I began to feel like adventure didnt really mean anything if there wasnt an intent to protect the natural spaces w
10、e were exploring in.” She began to seek an outlet that would both satisfy her desire for adventure and allow her to support the protection of the species and ecosystems. Vaz had an interest in the medium of film, and decided to pursue a career in wildlife filmmaking. Today Vaz wears many hats in the
11、 filmmaking world, as a documentary director, producer, writer, and presenter. After falling in love with mantas off the coast of her home, she discovered they were being hunted illegally and she dressed herself as a seafood trader to get as close as possible to the issue. She traced traffickers bac
12、k to many parts of the world to figure out why mantas were being killed. She shares the challenges of going undercover to produce Peng Yu Sai, her Green Oscar-nominated film on the matter. The subjects that grab her attention, Vaz admits, cover a wide range. And while shes been asked to define her f
13、ocus, she prefers variety, and argues that issues she pinpoints are more interrelated than they may appear. Her work doesnt stop at recording important stories-shes also on top of follow-through, ensuring the message is heard. Vaz and her team work with scientists and policy makers to amplify the me
14、ssage of the films they work on. From Vazs perspective, real improvement in the way the planet is cared for lies in the capable hands of many from various backgrounds. “The truth is that we dont need ten really passionate, committed environmentalists. We need one hundred or one million people who ca
15、n do a little bit in that field and change things within their ability.”4Which of the following helped Vaz combine adventure with nature protection?AWildlife film-making.BFree lifestyle.CChildhood experience.DOutdoor activities.5What does the film Peng Yu Sai mention?AVazs home on the coast.BVazs ex
16、perience of mountain climbing.CThe history of Green Oscar.DThe illegal hunting of mantas.6What really matters in protecting our planet according to Vaz?AThe backgrounds of policy makers.BThe influence of films.CThe guidance from environmentalists.DThe combined efforts of people.7Which of the followi
17、ng best describes Vaz?AEnthusiastic but careless.BAdventurous and insightful.CKnowledgeable but proud.DHumorous and patient.When people are overworked or tired, they may take a break by visiting green spaces like forests to relax. But can there be forests inside cities? Urban forests are not acres a
18、nd acres of lush greenery. They range from the trees in the park on the corner of your street to the trees lining the sidewalk, or simply bushes in your own backyard! The idea of care and management for tree populations in urban areas began in North America in the late 1960s and was first called env
19、ironmental forestry. The greening improved greying cities and soon skyrocketed in popularity. It has now become a whole new discipline of forestry called urban forestry. Urban forests have the potential to help cities cool down and can be the heart of a citys social life. Even a tiny patch of ground
20、 with a few trees can enrich childrens playgrounds and have a positive impact on the psychological development of children. They also encourage community interaction: people tend to hang out together a lot more when green spaces are available. How can we incorporate forests into cities? There are ex
21、ternal factors in towns that make it challenging to design urban forests into cities. For example, how does a city plant and maintain the trees? Tree canopies can block peoples view, which could lead to accidents. Urban trees can also cause damage to buildings, due to their roots, and through the fa
22、lling of whole trees or branches. However, if we plan waste removal operations in advance, we can handle this issue efficiently; the waste parts can be used for other purposes, such as timber and fuelwood.So do we need more unban forests? Absolutely! Urban forests represent a city-dwellers easiest a
23、ccess to nature. Given that, cities need to find more creative ideas to provide this beautiful resource for their residents!8What does the author intend to do in paragraph 3?AAdd some background information.BSummarize the previous paragraphs.CGive an example to support a theory.DProvide readers with
24、 some advice.9What impact do urban forests have on children?ADeveloping writing skills.BImproving mental health.CLearning responsibility.DMastering gardening tips.10What does the underlined word “They” in paragraph 4 refer to?AModem cities.BUrban forests.CCreative ideas.DEnvironmental issues.11Whats
25、 the authors attitude towards urban forests?ADoubtful.BFavorable.CUnclear.DNegative.After waking up, you may feel frustrated that you cannot recall the dreams you had last night. Artificial intelligence (AI) may be able to help. Previously, there were AI models that could tum text into images. This
26、time, researchers from Osaka University in Japan have trained an AI system called Stable Diffusion to re-create images based on peoples brain scans, reported Science magazine. The researchers used an online data set provided by the University of Minnesota, US, which consisted of brain scans from fou
27、r participants (参加者) as they each viewed a set of 10,000 photos. The scans were recorded by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The AI then learned about the brain activities by analyzing changes in blood flow shown by the fMRI data-when a part of the brain is activated (激活), more blood wi
28、ll flow to it. It then matched the brain activities with the photos. Through this method, AI learned how human brains would react when seeing different photos. Finally, the researchers tested the AI on additional brain scans from the same participants when they viewed photos of a toy bear, airplane,
29、 clock and train. If the person looked at an airplane, for example, the AI would use the brain scan data to create an image of a very blurry (模糊的) airplane. Then, it would turn on the previous “text-to-image” model and improve the quality of the image by feeding itself the keyword “airplane”. The fi
30、nal images were “convincing” with about 80 percent of accuracy (精确), according to the researchers. The new study created a new approach that incorporates texts and images to “decipher (破译) the brain”, Ariel Goldstein from Princeton University, US, told Science magazine. In the future, scientists hop
31、e that the technology can be used to record imagined thoughts and dreams or allow people to understand how differently other animals perceive reality.12How did the AI know about the activities of human brains?ABy activating every part of human brains.BBy recording participants dreams.CBy viewing a g
32、reat number of photos online.DBy examining differences in participants blood flow.13How did the AI improve the accuracy of final images?AIt analyzed the relationship between brain activities and photos.BIt compared photos of a toy bear, airplane, clock and train.CIt processed additional brain scan d
33、ata using the “text-to-image” model.DIt examined the brain activities of the four participants.14What is the last paragraph mainly about?AFurther explanations of the research.BPotential risks of the new technology.CExpectations for the application of the technology.DSupporting evidence for the succe
34、ss of the research.15What is the best title for the text?AAI knows brain scan data of participantsBAI learns the reaction of human brainsCAI changes text into images with the help of fMRIDAI uses brain scans to re-create images people see二、七选五Both jogging and running are beneficial but require diffe
35、rent body techniques. Running needs more speed and power and is more intense (剧烈的). 16 These two exercises differ in several aspects. Many joggers and runners may not know how to run properly, so lets touch on everything about jogging. What is Jogging? 17 One of the first mentions of jogging was whe
36、n William Shakespeare wrote about it in his book The Taming of the Shrew. A line in the book mentioned the word jogging, but it was speaking about leaving and not the exercise itself. The exercise was not recorded until the mid 17th century in England, and it became popular in the United States as a
37、 training exercise for athletes. Jogging has now developed into an exercise to lose weight and a form of running at a slow or relaxing pace. Its usually performed over long distances and is a type of aerobic endurance training. On the other hand, running has long been a common activity even among ou
38、r earliest ancestors. It is an activity that naturally occurred as a form of traveling at a fast pace. 18 Definition and Intensity of JoggingAlmost anyone can jog. Jogging can be performed at any pace depending on the persons desired results. 19 Running is the more intense version of jogging and spr
39、inting (快速奔跑) is the more intense version of running. Running requires more speed and body tolerance as it can tire the person and use up oxygen quickly. It is one of the fastest activities that people can perform with their feet. How Many Calories Does Jogging Burn? Jogging can burn more than three
40、 times the calories compared with walking. An hours jog can burn almost 584 calories for a 72-kg person jogging at a speed of 8 kph. 20 You can calculate how many calories to burn by jogging in order to lose weight with our daily calories calculator easily.AJogging requires you to keep calm.BAncesto
41、rs ran for hunting food and protection.CJogging was not discovered at any particular time.DHowever, there is some doubt whether you are running in a correct way.EJogging, on the other hand, has a slower pace and involves more muscle use.FIt can also be done at a relaxing pace that is only a little f
42、aster than walking.GA person of the same weight walking at 3.2 kph burns about 30 calories in 10 minutes.三、完形填空Candace Leslie Cima is a 75-year-old fashion and lifestyle influencer working to change the attitudes regarding aging. Recently, Candaces video, sharing a comment on her sleeveless shirt st
43、yle that says “youre 60, you shouldnt bare your arms,” has got 7. 4 million 21 on TikTok. She is only answering with “I am 75, actually”. Cimas story as an influencer 22 at 72, when she first got an Instagram account. 23 about what influencers were, she 24 a deep research, only to find that there we
44、rent that many voices in her age group. The magazines would always have headlines like “How to look your best at 20, 30, and 40.” Never did they 25 50, 60, and 70. 26 , she decided to establish an account to discuss the issue of aging. In addition to her 27 , Cima also has a blog where she speaks in
45、 detail about aging and fashion. She 28 her readers that in the 1800s, it was 29 for a woman to show her ankles (脚踝) in public, in the 1920s and 1930s, going without a hat was considered very bad taste, while 1940s and 1950s women were often 30 to wear gloves. The list goes on. She makes a point, sa
46、ying that it is we who 31 whether aging is a bad thing and whether we are ashamed of our natural aging 32 and let others make us feel less than we are. 33 , everyone ages, so we should normalize these changes and learn to see them 34 .“The only way to change peoples view is to show them that aging i
47、s a gift, something to be embraced, 35 and shared,” she writes.21AeffortsBviewsCchatsDeffects22AbeganBchangedCexistedDimproved23AAnxiousBConfidentCCuriousDShy24AcontinuedBconfirmedCcreditedDconducted25AcontrolBmentionCignoreDrequire26AHoweverBOtherwiseCThereforeDInstead27AmagazinesBdiariesCreportsDvideos28AremindsBwarnsCimaginesDguarantees29AunchangeableBunstoppableCunacceptableDunavoidable30AsentBexpectedCpromisedDtrained31AdecideBrevealCillustrateDrequest32AtheoryBprocessCfreedomDaccident
