1、广东省陆丰市东海新龙中学2022-2023学年高二上学期月考二英语试题学校:_姓名：_班级：_考号：_一、阅读理解Chinas long history has seen many scientists making great contributions to the development of ancient China and even the world. We have selected several greatest scientists in ancient China and hope to help you learn more about Chinese science
2、 and technology.Zhang Zhongjing (150-219) was a Chinese physician in Han Dynasty (206 BC-220 AD). He founded medication principles and summarized the medicinal experience before his time. His famous work “ Shang Han Za Bing Lun ” had a major influence on the practice of traditional Chinese medicine.
3、 Today, this great book was still considered very important in the practice of Chinese medicine.Li Daoyuan (AD 427 or 469-527) was a great Chinese geographer during the Northern Wei Dynasty (386-534). He wrote the famous work “ Commentary to the River Classic ” (Shui Jing Zhu). The book is a great w
4、ork on the ancient geography of China and it sums up Chinas geography and its surrounding areas before Northern Wei Dynasty.Sun Simiao was an outstanding medical scientist in the Tang Dynasty (618-907). He was called “ Chinas King of Medicine ” for his important contributions to Chinese traditional
5、medicine. Sun authored two books “Qian Jin Yao Fang” and “Qian Jin Yi Fang” that were both landmarks in Chinese medicine history.Shen Kuo was a great Chinese scientist and politician of the Song Dynasty (960-1279). He compiled (汇编) an scientific work “Dream Pool Essays”, which involves a lot descrip
6、tions about the animals and plants in the country. Shen also first described the magnetic needle compass, which would be used for navigation (航行). His discovery of concept of true north towards the north pole was four hundred years earlier than Europe.1The passage is mainly written to _ .Aencourage
7、readers to learn from these great scientistsBexplain what contributes to the development of ancient ChinaCbroaden readers horizons on Chinese science and technologyDintroduce the great medical contributions Chinese scientists made2Whose work had a great effect on the practice of traditional Chinese
8、medicine?AZhang ZhongjingsBLi DaoyuansCSun SimiaosDShen Kuos3What do we know about Shen Kuo?AHe was a Chinese physician in Han Dynasty.BHe worked on the ancient geography of China.CHe was regarded as “Chinas King of Medicine”.DHe described the animals and plants a lot in his work.“The mosquitofish i
9、s one of the 100 worlds worst invasive (侵入的) species, and present methods to kill it are too expensive. It will take too much time to successfully control the spread of the mosquitofish,” says Giovanni Polverino. “This global pest is a serious threat to many animals living in water. Instead of killi
10、ng them one by one, were presenting an approach that can inform better strategies to control this global pest. We made their worst nightmare become real: a robot that scares the mosquitofish but not the other animals around it.”In the presence of the robotic fish, mosquitofish would stay closer to e
11、ach other and spend more time at the center of the testing area. They were unwilling to swim to unknown waters. They also swam more crazily, with frequent and sharp turns, than those who havent met the robot. They swam away from the robot and back to their living area. The influence of fear lasted.
12、The scared fish were less active, ate more, and froze longer, presenting signs of anxiety that continued weeks after their last encounter (相遇) with the robot.For the tadpoles (蝌蚪) the mosquitofish usually hunt for food, the robots presence was a change for the better. Tadpoles have poor eyesight. Th
13、ey dont see the robot well. Because the robot changed the behavior of the mosquitofish, the tadpoles didnt have predators (捕食者) at their tails anymore and they were more willing to explore in the testing area. “It turned out to be a positive thing for tadpoles. Once freed from the danger of having m
14、osquitofish around, they were not scared anymore. Theyre happy.”After five weeks of brief encounters between the mosquitofish and the robot, the team found that the fish spent more energy towards escaping than reproducing. Male fishs bodies became thin.“While successful at preventing mosquitofish, t
15、he lab-grown robotic fish is not ready to be put into the wild,” says Maurizio Porfiri. The team will still have to overcome technical challenges.4What do we know about mosquitofish?AIt is the most dangerous species.BIt costs too much money to feed.CIt is difficult to be seen by people.DIt is harmfu
16、l to many animals in water.5Whats the second paragraph mainly about?AThe mosquitofishs living area.BThe uses of the mosquitofish.CThe mosquitofishs reaction to the robotic fish.DThe encounter between mosquitofish and tadpoles.6Whats the benefit of the robotic fishs presence for the tadpoles?AThey ha
17、d better behavior.BThey had no more killers.CThey were more adventurous.DThey could see the robot clearly.7Which can be the best title for the text?ARobots Use Fear To Fight Invasive FishBMosquitofish Are The Most Dangerous AnimalsCInvasive Fish Are Spreading All Over The WorldDRobots Fish Are Hunti
18、ng And Killing MosquitofishRecently, the magazine Big Think asked top minds from a variety of fields to comment on what the future holds 40 years from now. The result is as follows.Its likely that by 2050 the majority of the people in the world will live in urban (城市的) areas, and will have a much hi
19、gher average age than people today. Cities theorist Richard Florida thinks urbanization will reinvent the education system of the United States, making our economy less real estate (房地产) driven and erasing(消除) the divisions between home and work.And rapidly advancing technology will continue ever mo
20、re rapidly. Cities of the future wont look like “some sort of science-fiction fantasy”, but its likely that technological advances and information overlays (VR and AR) will greatly change how we live. Self-driving cars will make the roads safer and provide faster transports. A larger version of driv
21、erless carsdriverless trucks may make long-distance drivers out of date.Some long view predictions are completely dire. Environmentalist Bill McKibben says that if we dont make great progress in fighting global warming, its likely we could see out-of-control rises in sea levels, huge crop shortfalls
22、, and wars over limited freshwater resources.In terms of how we will eat, green markets founder and “real food” supporter Nina Planck believes that there will be more small milk processing plants, and more regional food operations and well be healthier as a result. New York Times feature writer Mark
23、 Bittman thinks that people will eat fewer processed foods, and eat foods grown closer to where they live. And Anson Mills farmer Glenn Roberts thinks that more people will be aware of the “ethical(道德的) responsibility” to grow and preserve land-raised farm systems.8What may happen by 2050?AMost peop
24、le will live in cities.BThe aging population will drop.CHome education will become a trend.DThe economy will be driven by real estate.9What do we know about technology in the future?AIt will give cities a science-fiction appearance.BIt will greatly change the way people live.CIt will lead to an incr
25、ease in the number of cars.DIt will ensure faster transports with fast cars.10What does the underlined word “dire” in the fourth paragraph mean?AInteresting.BDaring.CTerrible.DCreative.11What does Mark Bittman think of foods in the future?APeople will eat healthier and fresher foods.BLand-raised far
26、m systems will be improved.CThere will be more regional food operations.DFood supplies will become more limited than before.二、七选五What is the nature of the scientific attitude, the attitude of the man or woman who studies and applies physics, biology, chemistry, geology, engineering, medicine or any
27、other science?We all know that science plays an important role in the societies in which we live. _12_ The first of these is the application of the machines, products and systems of applied knowledge that scientists and technologists develop. Through technology, science improves the structure of soc
28、iety and helps man to gain increasing control over his environment.The second aspect is the application by all members of society of the special methods of thought and action that scientists use in their work. What are these special methods of thinking and acting? _13_ he wants to find out how and w
29、hy the universe works. He usually directs his attention towards problems which he notices have no satisfactory explanation, and his curiosity makes him look for underlying relationships even if the data available seem to be unconnected.Moreover, he thinks he can improve the existing conditions and e
30、njoys trying to solve the problems which this involves. He is a good observer, accurate, patient and objective and applies logical thought to the observations he makes. _14_ For example, trained observers obtain a very large amount of information about a star mainly from the accurate analysis of the
31、 simple lines that appear in a spectrum. He is skepticalhe does not accept statements which are not based on the most complete evidence availableand therefore rejects authority as the sole basis for truth. _15_Lastly, he is highly imaginative since he often has to look for relationships in data whic
32、h are not only complex but also frequently incomplete. _16_These seem to be some of the ways in which a successful scientist or technologist thinks and acts.AFirst of all, it seems that a successful scientist is full of curiosityBTo begin with, he is not only critical of the work of others, but also
33、 of his ownCScientists always check statements and make experiments carefully and objectively to verify them.DFurthermore, he needs imagination if he wants to make hypotheses of how processes work and how events take place.EHe knows that man is the least reliable of scientific instruments and that a
34、 number of factors tend to disturb objective investigation.FHe uses the facts he observes to the fullest extent.GMany people believe, however, that our progress depends on two different aspects of science.三、完形填空Elsa Desmond knows she is not going to win a medal at the Beijing Winter Olympics, but sh
35、e is _17_ as the first womens luge(无舵雪橇)Olympian from Ireland. She was the 26th to _18_ the line in the first run of the womens race on Monday night, _19_ than none of the other athletes. However, that did not _20_ to her and she celebrated with a large smile on her face. Although she will not win i
36、n Beijing, she has already won some _21_ . She had been given many reasons why she could not compete: she is too short, she did not start _22_ at a young age, and she could not balance a(n) _23_ job with competing in a sport. The biggest _24_ simply might have been that Ireland did not have a luge o
37、rganization. So, she _25_ one herself; she had to self-fund. Now, _26_ , she is a luge Olympian. “Im a doctor in general surgery, I have all these really _27_ challenges, but I think everyone has worked as hard as they can to be here. ”She is expected to return to work on this Friday because she was
38、 given some time _28_ to compete in the Olympics, and now she has _29_ parts of her job. Desmond has to balance these two _30_ jobssliding a few months out of the year and living a life in medicine. There was a(n) _31_ last season when she had to take important medical examinations in hotels in Germ
39、any where other sliders from different countries were staying. “I had to stick signs on my door saying Do not disturb, exam in _32_ , in about six different _33_ .”Desmond got the honor of _34_ her country in Beijing, and being one of two people _35_ Irelands flag during the opening ceremony on Frid
40、ay. “I dont think I can _36_ words how excited I was to lead out the team. I really hope that I make my country proud.”17AvisitingBstudyingCleadingDcompeting18AbreakBcrossCfollowDdraw19AslowerBlowerCfasterDhigher20AupsetBrespondChappenDmatter21ApotentialsBchallengesCoperationsDalternatives22Aswimmin
41、gBslidingCsailingDrunning23AfinancialBathleticCmedicalDeducational24AexpectationBachievementCdifficultyDpleasure25AstartedBstoppedCcontinuedDjoined26AprivatelyBtraditionallyCsimilarlyDofficially27AvisibleBimaginaryCabsurdDdangerous28AoffBupCoutDaway29AruinedBexceededCcoveredDdelayed30AfrustratingBre
42、wardingCdemandingDembarrassing31AinterviewBtimeCvacationDchance32ApeaceBneedCprogressDpublic33AcharactersBapproachesCstylesDlanguages34AinvestigatingBpreservingCstrengtheningDrepresenting35AholdingBraisingCpreparingDstoring36Aset downBput intoCpick upDget through四、用单词的适当形式完成短文阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括
43、号内单词的正确形式。The difference between a novelist and a professor is that the former _37_ (most) uses his extraordinary creative genius to inspire peoples passion by writing novels，while the latter _38_ (pay) more attention to academic research. A politician wants _39_ (found) his own theories and tries t
44、o come to power. A scientist hopes to make remarkable achievements and have more inventions and patents. Take Albert Einstein for example. He made numerous _40_ (contribute) to the world，the most well-known 60. _41_ (be) the general theory of relativity and the famous formula E=mc2. He earned a doct
45、orate in physics in 1905 and gradually became famous as the new Isaac Newton. Circumstances changed in 1933， _42_ Hitler came to power in Germany. Einstein，who was Jewish，found the doors of academic institutions _43_ (close) to him. As _44_ consequence，he had to flee Germany. He finally took up a po
46、sition as a researcher at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton，USAEinstein was not only a genius，but also a very gentle man. He had a thick moustache and long white hair. Despite his peculiarities，he _45_ (admire) by his friends and neighbours whom he encountered. It was on 18 April 1955 _46_ Einstein passed away, and the whole world mourned the great loss of a brilliant scientist.五、完成句子47常言道：“良好的开端是成功的一半。”_ _ _ _: “A good beginning is half done.”48她在信中感谢了他的帮助。She_ _ _ in her letter.49我们把这个问题弄明白是极其重要的。_ _ _ _we get this right.50汤姆在聚精会神地做作业，你最好别去打扰他。To
