1、八年级下册Units121知识盘点素养提升2考点梳理拓展素养3语法突破精讲精练知识盘点素养提升1.footn.脚；足2.neckn.颈；脖子3.stomachn.胃；腹部4.throatn.咽喉；喉咙5.fevern.发烧6.restv.&n.放松；休息7.coughn.&v.咳嗽8.toothachen.牙痛9.h e a d a c h e n.头 痛10.passengern.乘客；旅客11.troublen.问题；苦恼12.kneen.膝；膝盖1 3.r i s k n.&v.危 险；风 险；冒 险14.situationn.情况；状况重点单词Unit115.knifen.刀16.bl
2、oodn.血17.controln.&v.限制；约束；管理18.deathn.死；死亡19.nursen.护士Unit220.cheerv.欢呼；喝彩21.volunteerv.义务做；自愿做n.志愿者22.signn.标志；信号23.noticev.通知；通告；注意v.注意到；意识到24.lonelyadj.孤独的；寂寞的25.severalpron.几个；数个；一些26.strongadj.强烈的；强壮的27.joyn.高兴；愉快28.journeyn.(尤指长途）旅行；行程29.raisev.募集；征集30.aloneadv.独自；单独31.repairv.修理；修补32.fixv.修理
3、；安装33.lettern.信；函34.blindadj.瞎的；失明的35.deafadj.聋的36.imaginev.想象；设想37.difficultyn.困难；难题38.openv.开；打开39.carryv.拿；提；扛40.excitedadj.激动的；兴奋的41.cleveradj.聪明的；聪颖的42.changev.&n.变化；改变43.interestn.兴趣；关注v.使感兴趣；使关注1.haveacold感冒2.haveastomachache胃痛3.liedown躺下4.takeonestemperature量体温5.haveafever发烧6.takebreaks/take
4、abreak休息7.getoff下车重 点 短语8.toonessurprise使惊讶的是；出乎的意料9.rightaway立即；马上10.getinto陷入；参与11.beusedto习惯于；适应于12.takerisks/takearisk冒险13.runout(of）用尽；耗尽14.cutoff切除15.getoutof离开；从出来16.beincontrolof掌管；管理17.giveup放弃18.cleanup打扫(或清除）干净19.cheerup(使）变得更高兴；振奋起来20.giveout分发；散发eupwith想出；提出(主意、计划、回答等）22.putoff推迟23.hand
5、out分发24.callup打电话给(某人）；征召25.usedto曾经；过去26.carefor照顾；非常喜欢27.tryout参加选拔；试用28.fixup修理；装饰29.giveaway赠送；捐赠30.takeafter(外貌或行为）像31.setup建起；设立32.makeadifference影响；有作用1.liev._(过去式）躺；平躺_(过去分词）_(现在分词）2.hurtv._(过去式/过去分词）(使）疼痛；受伤3.hitv._(过去式/过去分词）击；打4.shepron._(反身代词）她自己词汇拓展laylainlyinghurthitherself5.wepron._(反身
6、代词）我们自己6.climbv._n.登山者；攀登者7.knifen._pl.刀8.importantn._adj.重要性;重要9decidev_n决定；抉择10diev_n死；死亡_adj.垂死的_adj.死的；失去生命的11.strongadj._adv.强烈地ourselvesclimberknivesimportancedecisiondeathdyingstronglydead12.feelv_n感觉；感触13.ownv._n.物主;主人14.satisfyv._n.满足;满意_adj.满足的;满意的15.breakv._adj.破损的;残缺的16.ableadj._(反义词)丧失能
7、力的;有残疾的17.imaginev._n.想象;想象力18difficultyn_adj.困难的ownersatisfactionsatisfiedbrokendisabledimaginationdifficultfeeling19excitedadj._adj.使人兴奋的；令人激动的20.trainv._n.训练;培训21.kindadj._n.仁慈;善良22interestv&n_adj.有趣的_adj.感兴趣的excitinginterestinginterestedtrainingkindness1.B u t _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
8、 _ _ _，theyall_gowithhim但令他惊讶的是，他们都同意和他一起去。2._Mr.Wangandthepassengers，theman_bythedoctorsintime.多亏了王先生和乘客们，医生及时挽救了老人的生命。3.Hisloveformountainclimbingis_great_he_mountainsevenafterthisexperience.他对登山如此痴迷，以至于在这次(断臂）经历之后他依然继续登山。重 点 句型tohissurpriseagreedtoThankstowassavedsothatkeptonclimbing4.Theytoldmes
9、toriesaboutthepastand_things_.他们给我讲过去的生活经历，讲过去是什么样子的。5.Shecouldread_four.她在四岁时就能够独自看书了。6.Youcould_hospitals_you_thekidsand_.你可以请求医院让你去看望孩子们并使他们振作起来。howused tobebyherselftheageofatasktoletvisitcheerthemup7.Youhelpedto_formetohaveLucky.有了你的帮助，我才有可能拥有“幸运儿”(狗名）。makeitpossible情景交际询问情况1.Whatsthematterwith
10、Ben?/WhathappenedtoBen?本怎么啦？Hehurthimself.Hehasasoreback.他弄伤自己了。他背疼。2.Doyouhaveafever?你发烧吗？Yes，Ido./No，Idont./Idontknow.是的。/不，不发烧。/我不知道。3.AreyouOK?你还好吗？No，Idontfeelwell./IhaveaheadacheandIcantmovemyneck.不，我感觉不舒服。/我头痛，脖子动不了。给出建议4.Whatshouldshedo?她应该做什么？Sheshouldtakehertemperature.她应该量体温。5.ShouldIputs
11、omemedicineonit?我应该在上面敷点药吗？Yes，youshould./No，youshouldnt.是的，你应该。/不，你不应该。6.IthinkyoushouldseeadoctorandgetanX-ray.我认为你该去看医生，照X光。OK，thanks.Illdothatnow.好的，谢谢。我现在就去。语法话题1.情态动词should，shouldnt，could用于提建议2.反身代词3.动词不定式作宾语、目的状语和宾语补足语4.短语动词Unit1健康与急救Unit2志愿服务与慈善考点梳理拓展素养Whatsthematter?你怎么了？Ihaveastomachache.我
12、胃疼。(Unit1P1）考点1【点拨】Whatsthematter?=Whatswrong/thetrouble?用来询问病情或某人遇到什么麻烦、问题。其后跟询问的对象时，与介词with连用。答语常为表示身体状况或者用来表达所处困境的句式。如：Whatswrongwiththeboy?这个男孩怎么了？Hehasacold.他感冒了。【拓展】要询问“某人怎么了？”，常用以下句型：(2020大连改编)_?Idontfeelverywelltoday.Ivegotapainhere.学以致用Whatswrong/thematterwithyouIthinkyoushouldliedownandres
13、t.我认为你应当躺下休息。(Unit1P2）考点2单词词性词义过去式过去分词现在分词lie动词躺；位于laylainlying说谎liedliedlyinglay动词放置；下蛋laidlaidlayinglie名词谎言Helayonthebeach.他躺在沙滩上。Thecinemaliesinthecenterofthecity.电影院位于市中心。Helaidtheeggonthetablecarefully.他小心地把鸡蛋放在桌子上。Thecockneverlayseggs.大公鸡从不下蛋。规则是撒谎：lieliedlied；不规则是躺：lielaylain；躺过就下蛋：laylaidlai
14、d，下蛋不规则。巧记口诀解释：lie(撒谎)的过去式和过去分词是规则变化，lie(躺)的过去式和过去分词是不规则变化，lie(躺)的过去式是lay，lay(下蛋)的过去式和过去分词是不规则变化。【图解助记】lielay1(2020连云港改编)Look!Thelittlecat_(lie)onthegrass.Howlovelyitis!2(2020常州改编)Tothewestofourschool_somebookstoresandapark.3Hewassotiredthathewenttothebedand_downwithouttakingoffhisclothes.islyinglie
15、学以致用laylielay4He_histennisbatonthetopoftheshelf.5Youcouldseefromhisfacethathe_.laidwaslyingAsamountainclimber，Aronisusedtotakingrisks.作为一名登山者，阿伦习惯于冒险。(Unit1P6）被使用(by后接动作的执行者）短语含义及用法used to do sth过去常常做某事(to为不定式符号）be/get used to(doing）sth.习惯于(to是介词，后接名词、代词或动名词）考点3短语含义及用法be used to do sth.(=be used for
16、 doing sth.）被用来做某事(不定式作目的状语；for短语表用途）be used as sth.被用作(as意为“作为”）be used by sb.被使用(by后接动作的执行者）Heusedtogetupat7oclock.他过去常常7点起床。Theyvegotusedtolivinginthecountryside.他们已习惯于住在乡村。Themachineisusedtocutthings.=Themachineisusedforcuttingthings.这台机器是用来切割东西的。EnglishisusedasaforeignlanguageinChina.在中国，英语被用作一
17、门外语。Smartphonesareusedbymanypeopleallovertheworld.全世界许多人都使用智能手机。1(2020益阳改编)Dianausedto_(drive)towork，butnowsheisusedto_(walk)becausetheroadiscrowdedandshewantstokeepfit.2(2020宿迁)Mostyoungpeoplegetusedto_(pay)withWeChatorAlipay.3Hewasused_thecoldweatherafterhelivedtherefortwoyears.drive学以致用walkingpay
18、ingto4Stonescanbeused_buildinghouses.5Thebigtablecanbeused_abed.6Themachinesareused_workers.asbyforThen，withhisleftarm，hebandagedhimselfsothathewouldnotlosetoomuchblood.然后他用左臂给自己包扎，这样不至于失血过多。(Unit1P6)【辨析】so.that.，such.that.与sothat(考点讲解详见P44考点5)考点4Arondidnotgiveupaftertheaccidentandkeepsonclimbingmou
19、ntainstoday.在遭遇意外后阿伦没有放弃，并且如今继续登山。(Unit1P7）考点5【点拨】giveup意为“放弃”，为“动词+副词”构成的短语。既 可 单 独 使 用，也 可 接 名 词、代 词 或 动 名 词 作 宾 语(giveupdoingsth.意为“放弃做某事”）；当代词作宾语时，要将代词放在give与up之间，名词作宾语放在中间或后面均可。如：Davidhasdecidedtogiveupfootballattheendofthisyear.戴维已经决定今年年底就不再踢足球了。Althoughmathisverydifficult，dontgiveitup.虽然数学很难，
20、但是不要放弃它。Whydontyougiveupsmoking？你为什么不戒烟？【拓展】与give有关的常考短语：1(2020云南改编)Dont_ourhopes.Aslongaswepulltogether，wellmakeit.2 I w i l l n e v e r g i v e u p _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _(d o)sportsbecauseIhopeIwillbehealthier.giveup学以致用doingYeah，alotofoldpeoplearelonely.是的，很多老年人都很孤独。(Unit2P10）Iwanttotravelalone.我想独自旅行。(
21、Unit2P12）Iwastravellingaloneinthelonelyisland.IdidntfeellonelythoughIwasalone.我独自在人迹罕至的岛上旅行。虽然孤身一人，但我并不感到寂寞。考点6单词词性含义及用法例句alone形容词“独自；无依无靠”，表示无人陪伴，只陈述一个客观事实，不带感情色彩，在句中作表语。I was travelling alone in the lonely island.I didnt feel lonely though I was alone.我独自在人迹罕至的岛上旅行。虽然孤身一人，但我并不感到寂寞。副词独自；单独”，用在实义动词后
22、，相当于by oneself，常在句中作方式状语。单词词性含义及用法例句lonely 形容词“孤独的；寂寞的”，感情色彩浓厚，强调心灵上的孤独与寂寞，常在句中作表语。I was travelling alone in the lonely island.I didnt feel lonely though I was alone.我独自在人迹罕至的岛上旅行。虽然孤身一人，但我并不感到寂寞。“偏僻的；人迹罕至的”，常用于修饰表示地点的名词，只能作定语。alonelonely1Youshouldntleaveyourchildinthehouse_.2Whenyoufeelhelplessand_
23、，justrememberthatyouarenot_intheworldbecauseyourfriendsarearoundyou.alone学以致用lonelyalone语法突破精讲精练Youdbettergotheretoday.你最好今天去那儿。情态动词用法含义例句can/could表示能力（=be able to）。能、会Tom can swim.汤姆会游泳。I could ride a bike when I was 6 years old.当我六岁时，我会骑自行车。（疑问句中）表示建议、请求。可以Can you give us a hand?你可以帮我们一下吗？表示许可（相当于
24、may）。You can watch TV on weekends.你可以在周末看电视。情态动词用法含义例句may/might表示客气请求might语气较委婉。否定回答多用mustnt或cant。可以可以May I go out and play football?我可以去外面踢足球吗？No,you mustnt.不，你不可以。表示许可。（may）可以You may go now.你现在可以走了。表示祝愿。（may）祝May you be happy!祝你快乐！情态动词用法含义例句must表示义务、命令或要求。否定形式mustnt表示“禁止；不准”。必须You must come early
25、tomorrow.你明天必须早点来。You mustnt take photos here.你不准在这里拍照。need常用于否定句和疑问句中，否定形式neednt表示“不必，无需”。需要He neednt worry about it.他不需要担心它。情态动词用法含义例句shall/shouldShall.?用于第一人称，表示建议或请求。好吗？Shall we ask the teacher for help?我们向老师寻求帮助好吗？should强调义务或责任，也可表示建议。应该；应当You should finish it by yourself.你应该自己完成它。You should li
26、e down and have a rest.你应该躺下休息一会儿。will/would表示征求意见（第二人称疑问句中），would语气更委婉。可以吗？Will/Would you please take out the rubbish?你可以把垃圾倒一下吗？will表示意愿、意志（用于多种人称）。愿意Your parents will try their best to help you.你的父母愿意尽最大的努力帮助你。情态动词用法含义例句have to表示客观需求，have要根据主语形式和时态变化。不得不He has to take a taxi because of the rain.由
27、于下雨他不得不乘坐出租车。had better表示劝告、建议，had常缩写为d。Youd better go there today.你最好今天去那儿。1.can与beableto(1)相同点:后面都接动词原形;都可表示能力(2)不同点:can只有一般现在时和一般过去时,即can/could;可以用于否定句或疑问句中,表示判断或推测;beableto有多种时态变化以及人称和数的变化;表示“过去通过努力做成了某件事”只能用beableto要点提醒2.must与haveto(1)must表示说话人的主观意志,意为“必须”,无人称和数的变化其否定回答通常用donthaveto或neednt,而不用m
28、ustnt如:MustIfinishmyhomeworkfirst?我必须先完成作业吗?No,youdonthaveto/neednt.不,你不必(2)haveto意为“不得不”,往往强调受到外界客观因素的迫使它可用于多种时态,且有人称和数的变化如:Itisgoingtorain.Ihavetogohomenow.快下雨了,我得回家了Wedidntwanttogobutwehadto.我们并不想去,但是不得不去3.以could开头的,表示委婉请求的疑问句,要用can回答,不能用could回答如:CouldIborrowthisbook?我能借这本书吗?Sorry,youcant.对不起,你不能
29、1Ihavetraveledalot.I_(会)speakfourlanguages.2You_(不必)takeacartogothere.Itsonlyfiveminuteswalk.3We_(不应当)drinkanddrive.Itsverydangerous.4(2020宁波)NowalltheebikeridersinNingbo_(必须)wearhelmetswhileriding.学以致用canneedntshouldntmust5_(可以)Iuseyourruler?Sure.Hereyouare.6(2020泰州)Mum，couldItakeoffmymasktoday？Its
30、alittlehot.Well，Imafraidwe_(wear)masksforsomemoretime.May/CanToswimhereisverydangerous.=Itisverydangeroustoswimhere.在这儿游泳很危险。句法功能说明例句作主语。常用it作形式主语，真正的主语是后置的不定式。常用句型:It is+adj.+（for/of sb.）to do sth.To swim here is very dangerous.=It is very dangerous to swim here.在这儿游泳很危险。二、动词不定式Ireallydontknowwhatt
31、odonext.我真的不知道下一步该怎么办。句法功能说明例句作表语常位于be动词之后。My job is to clean the street.我的工作是打扫这条街。作宾语一般只作某些动词的宾语。I decide to go on a trip to Beijing.我决定去北京旅游。作宾语补足语在使役动词make,let和感官动词hear,see,watch等后，省略不定式符号to。My mother allows me to watch TV for a while every night.我妈妈允许我每晚看一会儿电视。作定语常放在所修饰词的后面，作后置定语。Do you have an
32、ything to do?你有要做的事吗？作状语一般在句中作目的状语、结果状语和原因状语。We get up early every morning to catch the early bus.我们每天早上早起是为了赶上早班车。与疑问词（what,how,who,which,when.）连用构成不定式短语在句中可作主语、宾语、表语等。I really dont know what to do next.我真的不知道下一步该怎么办。常见的只跟不定式作宾语的动词决定学会有希望（decide,learn,wish,hope，expect）,同意计划莫假装（agree，plan,pretend）,胆
33、敢拒绝会失败（dare，refuse，fail），准备设法来帮忙（prepare,manage,help）,提供请求负担起（offer，beg，afford），答应安排理应当（promise,arrange，besupposed），以上后跟不定式，劝君牢记永不忘。巧记口诀1Mybrotheralwaysrefuses_(let)mewatch(watch)myfavoriteTVshow.2(2020呼和浩特改编)Nowletswelcomeourheadmaster_(present)theprizestothewinners!3.Literaturehelpsusthinkandencou
34、ragesus_(open)ourminds.学以致用tolettopresenttoopen4Wouldyoulikesomething_(drink)?5(2020无锡)Schoolsarestillclosedinsomecountries_(stop)thespreadofthevirus.todrinktostop一、用适当的情态动词填空。(可用否定形式)1(2020上海改编)Accordingtothetrafficlaw，childrenunder12_ridebicyclesontheroad.2(2020南通改编)Thearticlesaysthatonespersonali
35、tydependsonhisanimalsign.You_readitforfun，butdontbelieveinthat.语法专练mustntcan3(2020大连改编)MustIbebackhomebefore6oclock?No，you_.Butdontbetoolate.4(2020河北改编)_yousmellsomethingburning？Goandseewhatshappening.5(2020柳州改编)MustIfinishmyhomeworknow，Dad?Yes，you_.6(2020龙东改编)MayIeatoutwithmyfriends，Mum?No，you_.Peo
36、pleshouldntgettogetheratthistime.needntCanmustcant7(2020南京改编)Bythetimeshewaseight，Linda_readEnglishandFrench.8(2020新疆改编)Myclassmateisjumpingsofar！I_believemyeyes.9(2020宿迁改编)Mybikewasbrokenyesterday，soI_walkhome.10(2020包头改编)He_sleep，althoughhetriedto.Onecupofcoffeeinthelateafternooncausedhimtostayawa
37、kealmostallnight.couldcanthadtocouldnt二、用所给单词的适当形式填空。1(2020内江改编)Dontforget_(turn)offthelightswhenyouleavetheclassroom.OK.Illdothat.2(2020常州改编)Wereyourequired_(stay)homeduringtheoutbreakofCOVID-19?Yes.Luckily，theInternetmadeitpossibleformanyofus_(work)fromhome.toturntostaytowork3(2020长沙改编)Weareglad_(
38、know)thattraditionalChinesemedicinecanworkwondersinpreventingsomediseases.4(2020达州改编)Ourgovernmenttriestodoeverythingtheycan_(help)peopleliveabetterlife.5(2020盐城改编)TheBirdwatchingSocietygoestoZhalongNatureReserve_(count)thebirdseveryyear.6(2020甘孜改编)Hefelttired，sohestopped_(have)arestunderthetree.tok
39、nowtohelptocounttohave7(2020河池改编)CouldIgoswimmingwithmyfriend，Dad?-No，itsverydangerousforyoukids_(go)swimmingwithoutadults.8(2020广元改编)Lookatthesign“Noswimming”Itwarnsus_(notswim)inthelake.9Mrs.Greenrefuses_(eat)sweetfood.Shedoesntwanttogetfat.10Pleasestaywithmethisweekend.Imsorry，butmyfatherandIplan
40、ned_(visit)Beijingalongtimeago.togonottoswimtoeattovisit11Wouldyoulike_(see)afilmwithustonight?Sorry，Ihavetohelpmymotherdohousework.12Larryhopes_(improve)hisEnglish，sohekeeps_(practice)iteveryday.13Mr.Wuhasrecommendedmanybooks.Haveyoudecidedwhich_(read)first?Yes.TheLittlePrince.14Joiningasummercampi
41、sagreatchance_(spend)freetimewithyourfriends.toseetoimprovepracticingtoreadtospend三、语法填空。(2020毕节改编)Tobeavolunteerisreallyawonderfulexperienceforme.Fouryearsago，I_1_(join)aclubwiththenameofHelpingOthers.Soonafterthat，Ibegantodomanythingstohelpthosewhoneededhelp.Forexample，Ioftenhelpedoldpeople_2_(cro
42、ss)theroads，boughtsomefoodforhomeless_3_(child)anddidsmallactsforourneighborsinneed.TodayistheInternationalCoastalClean-UpDay._4_isonly20minutesridefromourhousetothesea.Inthemorning，myparentsandIrodethereas_5_(early)asusualwithabagtoputtherubbishin.Manypeoplewereenjoying_6_(they)onthebeach，butsomeof
43、themleftplasticbagsonit.Sowedecidedtocleanthebeach.Wespentthewholemorning_7_(pick)uptherubbishandlitteronthenicebeach._8_ameaningfuldayitwas!Wefeelitisaverygreatexperienceandwewillcontinuedoingthatonourown.Weshouldtryourbesttoprotecttheenvironment_9_wehaveonlyoneearth.Weneedmorevolunteerstomakea_10_(different)totheworld!1._2._3._4._5._6._7._8._9._10._joinedcrosschildrenItearlythemselvespickingWhatbecausedifference
