1、English Sentence Types主语主语(Subject)(Subject)谓语谓语(Predicate)(Predicate)宾语宾语(Object)(Object)表语表语(Predicative)(Predicative)定语定语(Attributive)(Attributive)状语状语(Adverbial)(Adverbial)补语补语(Complement)(Complement)同位语同位语(Apposition)(Apposition)I saw that girl singing along the river I saw that girl singing al
2、ong the river just now.just now.主语主语谓语谓语定语定语宾语宾语补语补语状语状语an examplean example一、主语（一、主语（subjectsubject）：）：主语是句子的主体，说明主语是句子的主体，说明句子讲的是谁或者什么情况。可作主语的有：名词、句子讲的是谁或者什么情况。可作主语的有：名词、代词、数词、名词性或名词化的词、词组或短语代词、数词、名词性或名词化的词、词组或短语（如动词不定式、动名词、从句等）。如：（如动词不定式、动名词、从句等）。如：All roads lead to Rome.All roads lead to Rome.条条
3、大路通罗马。条条大路通罗马。Its never too late to learn.Its never too late to learn.亡羊补牢，为亡羊补牢，为时未晚。时未晚。We like our school very much.We like our school very much.我们很喜欢我们的我们很喜欢我们的学校。学校。“The”is an article.The“The”is an article.The 是个冠词。是个冠词。Early to bed and early to rise makes a man Early to bed and early to rise m
4、akes a man healthy,wealthy,and wise.healthy,wealthy,and wise.早睡早起，使人富有、聪明、健康。早睡早起，使人富有、聪明、健康。How to do it well is an important question.How to do it well is an important question.如何如何把它做好是一个重要的问题。把它做好是一个重要的问题。主语主语2.2.谓语谓语 谓语用来说明主语的动作、行为、特征或状态，谓语用来说明主语的动作、行为、特征或状态，一般由动词或动词短语承担。谓语动词具有各种一般由动词或动词短语承担。谓语
5、动词具有各种时时态、语态及语气的变化态、语态及语气的变化。动词常分为动词常分为实义动词，系实义动词，系动词动词,情态动词和助动词情态动词和助动词.(1)(1)动词（单词或短语）作谓语动词（单词或短语）作谓语。(2)(2)连系动词连系动词+表语。表语。注意注意情态动词情态动词和和助动词助动词不能单独充当谓语不能单独充当谓语,必须必须和实义动词或系动词一起构成谓语和实义动词或系动词一起构成谓语.They can speak English well.They do become what they are dreaming of.谓语谓语3.3.宾语宾语宾语用来表明动作行为或介词宾语用来表明动作行
6、为或介词所支配的对象所支配的对象，是动，是动作的作的承受者承受者。宾语常用于及物动词之后。可作宾语。宾语常用于及物动词之后。可作宾语的词有：名词、代词（宾格）、动名词、不定式、的词有：名词、代词（宾格）、动名词、不定式、数词或从句等。数词或从句等。Two tasks:Two tasks:Find the objects of each sentenceFind the objects of each sentenceDivide the nine sentences into two groups Divide the nine sentences into two groups accord
7、ing to the types of words that according to the types of words that objects followobjects follow宾语宾语Answers:Answers:First group:1,2,5,6First group:1,2,5,6 1.We saw abandoned farmsfarms which were built more than a hundred years ago.我们看见了一百多年前被修建的废弃的农场。2.I havent seen himhim for a long time.我好久没有见到他了
8、 5.I think this is because he really enjoys teaching teaching Chinese literatureChinese literature.我认为这是因为他真的喜欢教中国文学。6.She refused to accept my giftto accept my gift.她拒绝接收我的礼物。动词宾语动词宾语 Second group:3,4,7,8Second group:3,4,7,8 3.He walked to the office the office.他朝办公室走去。4.Dont hide behind others.oth
9、ers.不要躲在别人后面。7.She is quick at learning languages.learning languages.她学语言学得很快。8.He was surprised at what she said.what she said.听到她说的话，他很吃惊。介词宾语介词宾语双宾语双宾语有些及物动词可以有两个宾语有些及物动词可以有两个宾语:直接宾语直接宾语(Direct Object)和间接宾语和间接宾语(Indirect Object),称为双宾语称为双宾语.这两个宾语往往这两个宾语往往一个指人一个指人(一般为一般为间接宾语间接宾语),另另一个指物一个指物(一般为直接宾语
10、一般为直接宾语).间间接宾语一般放在直接宾语之前接宾语一般放在直接宾语之前.He gave me a book.间接宾语间接宾语直接宾语直接宾语有时为了强调间接宾语有时为了强调间接宾语,也可将间接宾语后置也可将间接宾语后置,并并在其前加上介词在其前加上介词toto或或for.for.He gave He gave a book a book to to meme.He bought He bought this book this book for for meme.(1)(1)加介词加介词 to to 的常见动词有：的常见动词有：give bring take hand lend pass
11、tell give bring take hand lend pass tell send show teach writesend show teach write(2)(2)加介词加介词 for for 的常见动词有：的常见动词有：find pay sing buy choose find get find pay sing buy choose find get make fetchmake fetch 表语主要用于表述主语的特征，状态，身份等。表语主要用于表述主语的特征，状态，身份等。它位于连系动词后，构成系表结构。它位于连系动词后，构成系表结构。可作表语的可作表语的有：名词、形容词、
12、代词、分词、动名词、动词有：名词、形容词、代词、分词、动名词、动词不定式、数词、介词短语、副词和从句。不定式、数词、介词短语、副词和从句。四、四、表语：表语：系动词表示状态表示状态Add your titleAdd your title感官动词感官动词变得变得一直保持一直保持看起来，似乎看起来，似乎seem，appear五、五、定语定语:(attribute):(attribute)定语用来定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词限定、修饰名词或代词。可充当定语的有：。可充当定语的有：形容词、代词、数词、名次、分词、动名词、介词形容词、代词、数词、名次、分词、动名词、介词短语、副词及从句等。如：短语、副词
13、及从句等。如：六、六、状语状语:(adverbial):(adverbial)状语是用来状语是用来修饰动词、副词、形容词或整个句子修饰动词、副词、形容词或整个句子的，的，说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、方向、程度、方式、伴随等情况。可以充当状语的方向、程度、方式、伴随等情况。可以充当状语的有：副词、形容词短语、名次短语、分词短语、介有：副词、形容词短语、名次短语、分词短语、介词短语或从句。如：词短语或从句。如：七、补语：七、补语：补语最常用于复合结构中，对动词后的宾语进行补补语最常用于复合结构中，对动词后的宾语进行补充说明。修饰对象是
14、名词，对宾语进行补充说明的充说明。修饰对象是名词，对宾语进行补充说明的是宾语补足语，对主语进行解释说明的是主语补足是宾语补足语，对主语进行解释说明的是主语补足语。语。复合结构：复合结构：动词动词+宾语宾补宾语宾补nadj.adv.介词介词短语短语分词短语与分词短语与动词不定式动词不定式 这类常用的及物动词有：这类常用的及物动词有：make consider cause see make consider cause see find get have let leave find get have let leave watch hearwatch hear八、八、同位语同位语 在一个句子中，
15、一个名词或代词后面有时还跟有另一个在一个句子中，一个名词或代词后面有时还跟有另一个名词或代词，或相当于名词的短语或从句，名词或代词，或相当于名词的短语或从句，用以说明前用以说明前者的内容性质和情况者的内容性质和情况，前者和后者的句法功能相同，因，前者和后者的句法功能相同，因此，我们把后者视为前者的同位语。同位语是用来对名此，我们把后者视为前者的同位语。同位语是用来对名词（或代词）做进一步解释的。它可以是单词、短语或词（或代词）做进一步解释的。它可以是单词、短语或从句。从句。由一个主语部分和一个谓语部分组成。如：由一个主语部分和一个谓语部分组成。如：They painted the wall a
16、t the end of the year.They painted the wall at the end of the year.他们在年初就粉刷了墙。他们在年初就粉刷了墙。We start school at 7:50 am.We start school at 7:50 am.我们学校早上我们学校早上7 7：5050开始上课。开始上课。1.1.简单句简单句 由两个或以上的分句组成。如：由两个或以上的分句组成。如：We got on in Sydney and we got off in Alice We got on in Sydney and we got off in Alice
17、Springs,right in the middle of Australia.Springs,right in the middle of Australia.我们在悉尼上车，在澳大利亚的中部艾丽斯斯普林斯下车。我们在悉尼上车，在澳大利亚的中部艾丽斯斯普林斯下车。He is rich but he is unhappy.He is rich but he is unhappy.他富裕他富裕但是他不开心但是他不开心。2.2.并列句并列句 由主句和其他从句组成。如：由主句和其他从句组成。如：The school year is divided into two semesters,The sc
18、hool year is divided into two semesters,the first of which is September through December.the first of which is September through December.一学年分为两学期，第一学期从一学年分为两学期，第一学期从9 9月到月到1212月。月。MrsMrs Li just smiles,so that you dont feel Li just smiles,so that you dont feel completely stupid!completely stupid!李老
19、师只是笑笑，因此你不会感到自己是个大傻瓜。李老师只是笑笑，因此你不会感到自己是个大傻瓜。3.3.复合句复合句简单句简单句由一个主语部分和一个谓语部分组成由一个主语部分和一个谓语部分组成，被看，被看作是句子的主干。也就相当于一棵树的树干部分。作是句子的主干。也就相当于一棵树的树干部分。并由此构成了英语的五种基本结构并由此构成了英语的五种基本结构1.S+V 主语谓语主语谓语2.S+V+P 主语系动词表语主语系动词表语3.S+V+O 主语谓语宾语主语谓语宾语4.S+V+IO+DO 主语谓语间宾主语谓语间宾+直宾直宾5.S+V+O+C 主语谓语宾语宾补主语谓语宾语宾补简单句简单句1.S+V 主谓（不及
20、物动词）主谓（不及物动词）简单句五种基本句型简单句五种基本句型The sun was shinning.The moon rose.We all breathe,eat and drink.Lucy gets up early every morning.He had slept for a long time when I came in.His parents have worked in the factory for more than 10 years.2.S+V+P 主系主系+表表This is an English dictionary.The dinner smells goo
21、d.He fell asleep.His face turned red.The well has gone dry.He is growing tall and strong.简单句五种基本句型简单句五种基本句型3.S+V+O 主谓宾主谓宾Who knows the answer?He enjoys reading.He has refused to help them.He admits that he was wrong.简单句五种基本句型简单句五种基本句型4.S+V+IO+DO 主谓间宾直宾主谓间宾直宾He brought you a dictionary.I showed him my picture.He gave me a gift.I told him a story.He showed me how to run the machine.简单句五种基本句型简单句五种基本句型5.S+V+O+C 主谓宾主谓宾+宾补宾补They painted the door green.They appointed him manager.This set him thinking.We saw him out.He asked me to get back soon.简单句五种基本句型简单句五种基本句型
