1、His job is important.This is his job.I dont like his job.I dont know about the man,Mr.White.主语主语表语表语宾语宾语同位语同位语Task I.什么叫什么叫“名词性从句名词性从句”？主语主语 His job is important.What he does is important.表语表语This is his job.This is what he does every day.宾语宾语 I dont like his job.I dont like what he does every day.同
2、位语同位语 I dont know about the man,Mr.White.I dont know about the fact that he is a teacher.名词性从句在功能上相当于名词名词性从句在功能上相当于名词Noun Clauses(名词性从句名词性从句)Subject Clause (主语从句主语从句)Appositive Clause（同位语从句）（同位语从句）Object Clause（宾语从句）（宾语从句）Predicative Clause（表语从句）（表语从句）Who will win the match is still unknown.I want t
3、o know what he has told you.The fact is that we have lost the game.The news that we won the game is exciting.主语从句主语从句宾语从句宾语从句表语从句表语从句 名词性从句名词性从句的作用相当于名词，因此主语的作用相当于名词，因此主语从句、表语从句从句、表语从句 、宾语从句和同位语从句分、宾语从句和同位语从句分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。同位语从句同位语从句Conjunctions of Noun ClausesConjunctions of N
4、oun Clauses(引导名词性从句引导名词性从句的关联词的关联词):从属连词从属连词(不作成分）不作成分）连接代词连接代词（作成分）（作成分）连接副词连接副词（作状语）（作状语）what,who,whom,whose,which,whatever,whoever,whicheverthat,whether,if,as if/as thoughwhen,where,how,why,whenever,wherever,however1.1.主语从句主语从句主语从句就是主语从句就是从句在主句中作主语从句在主句中作主语的名词性从句。的名词性从句。1)That she left him hurts
5、him so much.2)Whether it will please them is not easy to say.3)What we need is more practice.4)When we will begin the meeting is under discussion.*that 只起引导作用，不充当成分，但不能省略。只起引导作用，不充当成分，但不能省略。*whether 是否，表不确定的事情是否，表不确定的事情(不能用不能用If）*what 在从句中作宾语在从句中作宾语*When 在从句中作状语在从句中作状语*_(他是否要他是否要来来)is not yet known.
6、*_(他想告诉他想告诉我们什么我们什么)is not clear.*_(谁会赢得这谁会赢得这场比赛场比赛)is still unknown.*_(你错过你错过了这次机会了这次机会)is a pity.=It is _.Exercise 1:Whether he will come or notWhat he wants to tell usWho will win the matchThat you missed the chancea pity that you missed the chance 注意注意:由由that 引导的主语从句有时为了使引导的主语从句有时为了使句子结构平衡句子结构平
7、衡,避免避免“头重脚轻头重脚轻”,常用常用 it 作作形式主语形式主语,而把从句放在后面。而把从句放在后面。例如例如:1.That he will refuse this piece of advice is impossible._ _2.That they should like each other is natural._It is natural that they should like each other.It is impossible that he will refuse this piece of advice.这样就构成了下面一些常用句型这样就构成了下面一些常用句型:
8、1)It is+n.+从句从句 It is a pity/shame that.遗憾的是遗憾的是 It is a surprise that令人惊奇的是令人惊奇的是 It is a fact that 是事实是事实 It is common knowledge that 是常识是常识*_(很遗憾很遗憾)we lost the match.*_(这是事实这是事实)he cheated in the exam.It is a pity thatIt is a fact that2)It is+adj.+从句从句 Its certain that 肯定肯定 It is possible that.很
9、可能很可能 It is unlikely that.不可能不可能 It is obvious that 很明显很明显 It is necessary important natural.that*_(很可能很可能)she will come back tomorrow.*_(很明显很明显)this measure is effective.sb.+(should)+doIt is possible thatIt is obvious that3)It+不及物动词不及物动词+从句从句 It happened that.碰巧碰巧 It occurred to me that 我突然想起我突然想起*
10、_(刚好刚好)I came into the office at that time.*_(我突然想起我突然想起)I forget to sent the letter.It happened thatIt occurred to me that4)It+be+过去分词过去分词+从句从句 It is said that.据说据说 It is known to all that.众所周知众所周知 It is reported that.据报道据报道 It is believed that.据信据信;人们相信人们相信 It is suggested that+(should）do.建议建议*_(据
11、报道据报道)20 people were killed in the accident.*_(建议建议)we should eat more vegetables and do more exercise.It is reported thatIt is suggested that二、宾语从句二、宾语从句1.语序语序Eg.We can learn what we do not know.He will talk to us about what he saw in the U.S.A.I dont know where we will hold the meeting.Eg.1.I deci
12、ded(that)I would go to the party.2.I dont know if/whether he will come back tomorrow.3.I want to know how it happened.4.He was listening to what the teacher said.宾语从句就是从句在主句中作宾语从句就是从句在主句中作宾语宾语的名词的名词性从句性从句,通常放在主句谓语动词通常放在主句谓语动词(及物动词及物动词)或介或介词之后。词之后。2.宾语从句定义宾语从句定义1.We thought it strange that Xiao Wang
13、did not come yesterday.2.He has made it clear that he will not give in.注意：注意：it常可以放在动词常可以放在动词think,find,consider,believe,feel,make等后作为等后作为形式宾语形式宾语,真正真正的宾语的宾语-that从句则放在句尾从句则放在句尾.*_(我们觉得很我们觉得很奇怪奇怪)she didnt go to school today.We think it strange that1._(我听说我听说)he joined the army.2._(我怀疑我怀疑)he will suc
14、ceed.3.Pay attention to _(医生医生说些什么说些什么).4.Do you know_(他什么时候会他什么时候会来来)?5.Did she say_(我们我们应该怎么做这个工作应该怎么做这个工作)?Exercise 1:I heard(that)I doubt whether/ifwhat the doctor saidwhen he will comehow we should do the workFill in the blanks with suitable conjunctions.1.What frightened us most was _ two ligh
15、ts suddenly appeared out of the darkness.2.The reason why I didnt come to the meeting was _ I got ill.Exercise 2:thatthat三三.表语从句表语从句 在句子中作表语，在系动词之后在句子中作表语，在系动词之后Eg.The question is whether we can complete the difficult task.The fact is that we will have two days off.常见的系动词分为三种：常见的系动词分为三种：A表示特征和状态：表示特
16、征和状态：-“起来起来”feel,look,sound,taste,smell,等等B表示由一类状态转为另一类状态：表示由一类状态转为另一类状态：-“变变”get,become,grow,turn,fall,go等等C表示某种状态的：表示某种状态的：-“是是”be,remain,prove,seem,appear,turn out等等D.“保持保持”keep,stay 1.The trouble is _ I have lost his address.2.The question is_ they will be able to help us.3.That is _ he has done
17、.4.The problem is _ the weather is good.Exercise 1:that whetherwhatwhether1.The reason why he was late was _he missed the train by one minute this morning.2.The question is _ _(我们是否能做好准备）我们是否能做好准备）in such a short time.3.What I want to know is _ _(我该买哪部词典）我该买哪部词典）.4.The problem is _（你什（你什么时候可以完成）么时候可
18、以完成）Exercise 2:whether we can make goodwhen you can finish it.thatwhich dictionary Ipreparationsshould buy 四四.同位语从句同位语从句 同位语从句就是从句在句中作同位语从句就是从句在句中作同位语同位语的名的名词性从句，是对与其同位的名词作进一步词性从句，是对与其同位的名词作进一步解释解释，说明名词的说明名词的具体内容。具体内容。大多数同位语从句由从属连词大多数同位语从句由从属连词that(whether,how,when,where,why)引导引导（不能（不能省略）省略）,常跟以下抽象名
19、词后常跟以下抽象名词后,fact/news/idea/reason/hope/belief/truth/dream/problem/advice/suggestion/thought/order/doubt/answer/reply 1.They are familiar with the opinion that all matter consists of atoms.2.Where did you get the idea that I could not come?3.He often asks me this question when Tom will come back from
20、 America.同位语从句同位语从句:1.The idea _ computers will recognize human voices surprises many people.2.The possibility _ the majority of the labour force will work at home is often discussed.3.I have no idea _(他去了哪里）他去了哪里）4.They are thinking about the question_ _(他们怎么能够赢得他们怎么能够赢得)the competition.5.Please te
21、ll us the truth _(谁谁 为我们做的）为我们做的）.thatthathow theywho did that for uswhere he has goneExercise 4:can win1.The news that our team has won the game was true.*(同位语从句同位语从句,补充说明补充说明news到底是一个什么消息，到底是一个什么消息，that虽不作成分虽不作成分,但不能省略但不能省略)2.The news that he told me yesterday was true.*(定语从句定语从句,起修饰作用，说明到底是哪一个消息，
22、起修饰作用，说明到底是哪一个消息，that在从句中作在从句中作told的宾语的宾语,可以省略可以省略)注意：同位语从句与定语从句区别注意：同位语从句与定语从句区别 判断判断:定语从句定语从句 or 同位语从句同位语从句1.The order that we should send a few people to help the other groups was received yesterday.2.The order that we received yesterday was that we should send a few people to help the other grou
23、ps.3.The news that he will leave for Shanghai is true.4.The news that we got last week is true.5.The question that we discussed yesterday is a difficult one.(定语从句定语从句)(同位语从句同位语从句)(同位语从句同位语从句)(定语从句定语从句)(定语从句定语从句)一、找出各句中的从句并指出是何种从句一、找出各句中的从句并指出是何种从句1.I dont know if I can do it.2.What he is doing seems
24、 very difficult.3.The important thing is how we can improve our studies.4.Mr.Li always thinks of how he can do more for the people.5.The news that she was pretending to be sick was whispered from one to another.6.Thats what you are going to do first.7.Itll be decided at the class meeting who is to b
25、e the monitor of our class.8.When the sports meet is to be held is still under discussion.9.I was surprised at what he said.10.He gave me the news that some Americans will visit our school tomorrow.Ex.21.I cant decide _ dictionary I should buy.2.Poverty is the reason _ he is in rags.3.China is no lo
26、nger _ it used to be.4.She is always thinking of _ she can improve her English.5.Your coat is still _ you left it.6.Please tell me _ took his bicycle.7.Try to find out _ the plane leaves here and arrives in Guangzhou.8.The reason why I didnt attend the meeting was _ I was too busy.9.The question is
27、_ that man will turn up in time.10.-Do you remember _ he came?-Yes,I do.He came by car.11._ will go is not important.12._ he will be able to come remains in doubt.13._ moves us deeply is his devotion to the country.14._ dinosaurs died out is a mystery.15._ he has been is still a puzzle.16._ the eart
28、h orbits around the sun is known to all.17.Is it certain _ we will arrive in time?18._ of the two plants is better remains to be seen.Ex.21.I cant decide _ dictionary I should buy.2.Poverty is the reason _ he is in rags.3.China is no longer _ it used to be.4.She is always thinking of _ she can impro
29、ve her English.5.Your coat is still _ you left it.6.Please tell me _ took his bicycle.7.Try to find out _ the plane leaves here and arrives in Guangzhou.whichwhywhathowwherewhowhen8.The reason why I didnt attend the meeting was _ I was too busy.9.The question is _ that man will turn up in time.10.-D
30、o you remember _ he came?-Yes,I do.He came by car.11._ will go is not important.12._ he will be able to come remains in doubt.13._ moves us deeply is his devotion to the country.14._ dinosaurs died out is a mystery.thatwhetherhowWho Whether What Why When/How 15._ he has been is still a puzzle.16._ t
31、he earth orbits around the sun is known to all.17.Is it certain _ we will arrive in time?18._ of the two plants is better remains to be seen.Where That thatWhich:bitn.轨道轨道 v.(绕绕)作轨道运行作轨道运行Ex.3 Translate these sentences1.这是我们所想要的东西。这是我们所想要的东西。This is what we want.2.我认为你是对的。我认为你是对的。I think you are rig
32、ht.3.我想知道他是否能帮助我。我想知道他是否能帮助我。Id like to know whether he can help me or not.4.天气不是昨天那样了。天气不是昨天那样了。The weather is not what it was yesterday.5.问题是我们怎么能完成任务。问题是我们怎么能完成任务。The problem is how we can finish/complete the task.注意注意1：that/what的辨用的辨用1._ he wants is a book.2._ he wants to go there is obvious.3.W
33、e should pay attention to _ the teacher is saying.4.He told us _ he felt ill.5.The result is _ we won the game.6.This is _ we want to know.7.I have no idea _ he did that afternoon.8.The fact_ she works hard is well known to us all.WhatThatwhatwhatwhatthat（that）thatRules1.that在名词性从句中不充当任何成分，在名词性从句中不充
34、当任何成分，只起连接作用只起连接作用2.what除起连接作用外，还在名词性从句除起连接作用外，还在名词性从句中充当成分，可作从句的主语、宾语、中充当成分，可作从句的主语、宾语、或表语。或表语。注意注意2：whether与与if的辨用的辨用1.Whether it is true remains a problem.2.It remains a problem whether/if it is true.3.He asked whether/if Mary would attend the ceremony.4.It depends on whether we have got enough m
35、oney.5.The question is whether you should accept it.6.The question whether hell attend the meeting is important.7.I didnt know whether to laugh or to cry.8.I dont know whether it is right or not.1.在由形式主语在由形式主语it引导的主语从句及在引导的主语从句及在vt动词后动词后面的宾语从句中，表面的宾语从句中，表“是否是否”，whether/if 都可以用；都可以用；2.在前置主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句和在前置主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句和跟在介词后面的宾语从句中，表跟在介词后面的宾语从句中，表“是否是否”，只能只能用用whether；3.在在whether or not 和和whether to do 中中whether 不能不能换成换成if
