1、自考00012英语一押题及答案解析四套押题一、一、阅读判断1、Battle Hymn of Tiger MotherIn general, I think Western parenting gives children too much freedom at too young an age. The average American child spends almost 70 percent more time watching television than attending school. In the recent PISA international tests, the US
2、 came out an embarrassing 23rd in science and 34th in mathwith Shanghai children ranked No 1. Western children have alarming rates of alcohol and drug abuse and teenage pregnancy, too. On the other hand, American universities continue to be the envy of the world, and the US excels at teaching creati
3、vity, innovation and leadership.What are the lessons for China then? Here are a few things China may be able to learn from the West.First, while children in the West have too much choice, their counterparts in China; may have too little. In between school, tutoring and lessons, many Chinese children
4、 work nonstop, getting little opportunity to have fun with friends, explore on their own and discover what they truly enjoy. What I learned is that as children grow up, parents should listen to their choices more carefully and gradually give them more freedom to pursue their own passions.Second, Chi
5、nese parents should pay more attention to their childrens individual personalities. Every child is different. So depending on childrens natural predispositions（秉性）, different career paths will make them happy. Some people may find it more fulfilling to become a photographer or fashion designer inste
6、ad of a doctor. If Chinese parents become more open-minded in what they consider success, it may help lessen the intense competition and pressure that many Chinese children feel.Finally, Chinese parents are good at getting their children to memorize, practice and drill skills I believe the West need
7、s more ofbut they should also find ways to encourage creativity and initiative. My daughters were lucky because my husband taught them the value of independent thinking. He always asked why. Just because someone told you so, how do you know its right?Parenting is the hardest job Ive ever had. When L
8、ulu rebelled and I began questioning everything Id done. I feel very lucky that I adjusted in timetoday my daughters and I are close friendsand I wanted to share my story with other mothers, because we are all struggling with the same problem: how can we raise happy, strong, self-reliant children?1、
9、Compared to the children in the west, Chinese children have heavier burden of learning.A: TrueB: FalseC: Not Given正确答案：A解析：第三段开头提到，与西方的孩子相比，许多中国的孩子在上学、辅导方面整日马不停蹄，极少有机会和朋友玩耍。由此可以看出中国孩子的学业负担更重些，所以题干是正确的。2、Children will be able to enjoy happiness with different careers if their personalities are taken
10、into consideration.A: TrueB: FalseC: Not Given正确答案：A解析：文章第四段，作者提到“different career paths will make them happy”，只要考虑到孩子迥异的天性，不管什么样的职业都会使他们获得幸福，所以该判断正确。3、An international test suggests that American children do much better in science while Shanghai children are the best in maths.A: TrueB: FalseC: Not
11、Given正确答案：B解析：从第一段中间看到美国孩子在测试中处于“an embarrassing 23rd in science and 34th in math”，即科学和数学的排名都靠后，相反，上海孩子在两者均名列第一。所以，该判断不正确。4、Chinese parents should improve their childrens self-learning ability.A: TrueB: FalseC: Not Given正确答案：C解析：短文第四段，作者认为中国家长应该更多地关注孩子独特的个性，并没有提到发展孩子的自学能力。因此题干内容没有涉及。5、Western parent
12、s needs to get their children memorize and practice and drill to encourage their initiative.A: TrueB: FalseC: Not Given正确答案：B解析：短文第五段指出西方孩子需要更多的记忆和操练，但是，后面的“they（他们）”指的是中国孩子，即中国孩子需要“find ways to encourage creativity and initiative”，鼓励他们的创造力。6、While considering success, Chinese parents are less open-
13、minded.A: TrueB: FalseC: Not Given正确答案：A解析：第四段的条件句“If Chinese parents become more open-minded.”表示，中国家长思想还不够开明，所以，该判断正确。7、American universities are admired by many in the world for its creativity and innovation.A: TrueB: FalseC: Not Given正确答案：A解析：第一段的最后一句指出，美国大学“continue to be the envy of the world”，
14、依然广受世人羡慕。8、The author has more than one children.A: TrueB: FalseC: Not Given正确答案：A解析：倒数第二段中间用了“My daughters”，这说明作者不只是一个孩子的母亲。9、Children in the West have more choice in deciding whether they would like to go to college or not.A: TrueB: FalseC: Not Given正确答案：C解析：尽管第三段开头说美国孩子“have too much choice”，但是并没
15、有具体说到他们可以自主选择是否上大学，这只是读者的猜测，所以选C。10、How to cultivate happy strong, self-reliant children is a common problem for all mothers.A: TrueB: FalseC: Not Given正确答案：A解析：文章最后一段中，作者说她和其他的母亲一样都在为同样的问题纠结：如何培养出幸福、健壮和自食其力的孩子。因此题干是正确的。二、阅读选择Single-parent Kids Do BestSingle mums are better at raising their kids tha
16、n two parentsat least in the bird world. Mother zebra finches have to work harder and raise fewer chicks on their own, but they also produce more attractive sons who are more likely to get a mate.The finding shows that family conflict is as important an evolutionary driving force as ecological facto
17、rs such as hunting and food supply. With two parents around, theres always a conflict of interests, which can have a detrimental effect on the quality of the offspring.In evolutionary terms, the best strategy for any parent in the animal world is to find someone else to care for their offspring, so
18、they can concentrate on breeding again. So its normal for parents to try to pass the buck to each other. But Ian Hartley from the University of Lancaster and his team wondered how families solve this conflict, and how the conflict itself affects the offspring.To find out, they measured how much effo
19、rt zebra finch parents put into raising their babies. They compared single females with pairs, by monitoring the amount of food each parent collected, and removing or adding chicks so that each pair of birds was raising four chicks, and each single mum had two-supposedly the same amount of work.But
20、single mums, they found, put in about 25 per cent more effort than females rearing with their mate. To avoid being exploited, mothers with a partner hold back from working too hard if the father is being lazy, and its the chicks that pay the price. The offspring suffer some of the cost of this confl
21、ict, says Hartley.The cost does not show in any obvious decrease in size or weight, but in how attractive they are to the opposite sex. When the chicks were mature, the researchers tested the fitness of the male offspring by offering females their choice of partner. Those males reared by single mums
22、 were chosen more often than those from two-parent families.Sexual conflict has long been thought to affect the quality of care given to offspring, says zoologist Rebecca Kilner at Cambridge University, who works on conflict of parents in birds. But the experimental evidence is not great. The breakt
23、hrough here is showing it empirically.More surprising, says Kilner, is Hartleys statement that conflict may be a strong influence on the evolution of behaviour, clutch size and even appearance. People have not really made that link, says Hartley. A females reproductive strategy is usually thought to
24、 be affected by hunting and food supply. Kilner says conflict of parents should now be taken into account as well.11、With which of the following statements would the author probably agree?A: Single mums produce stronger sons.B: Single mums do not produce daughters.C: Two-parent families produce less
25、 attractive children.D: Two-parent families produce more beautiful offspring.正确答案：C解析：第一段提到“单亲家庭中的雄性后代更有吸引力，更容易得到配偶”，而这里的比较是在鸟类单亲家庭和双亲家庭之间进行的，所以，双亲家庭的后代相比较而言吸引力较差。12、According to the passage, in what way does family conflict affect the quality of the offspring?A: The young males get less care.B: The
26、 young females will decrease in weight.C: The offspring will become lazy fathers or mothers in the future.D: The offspring will not get mature easily.正确答案：A解析：第三段的第一个和第二个句子谈到在动物界，任何一个父亲或母亲的最佳策略是让他人（而不是自己）来照顾后代，这样，父母之间很自然就出现了相互推卸责任的现象。第五段讲到，这样做的后果就是后代付出代价，也就是受到的照顾少了。13、What is the relationship betwee
27、n paragraph 4 and paragraph 5?A: Cause and effect.B: Experiment and result.C: Problem and solution.D: Topic and comment.正确答案：B解析：第四段是关于斑胸草雀单亲家庭和双亲家庭如何照顾后代的实验；第五段是依据实验所观察到的结果。所以，它们的关系是实验与结果。答案为B。14、According to Hartley, which of the following is NOT influenced by sexual conflict?A: The evolution of t
28、he offsprings behaviour.B: The look of the offsprings faces.C: The number of eggs produced by one offspring at a time.D: The offsprings body size.正确答案：D解析：文章最后一段第一句的内容与A、B、C三个选项相对应；文章第六段第一句指出，“这种代价并不是体现在身材和体重的锐减”，所以，D是答案。15、According to the passage, people believe that a females reproductive strateg
29、y is influenced by_.A: an evolutionary driving forceB: a conflict of interestsC: ecological factorsD: the quality of the offspring正确答案：C解析：文章最后一段第三句谈到“人们通常认为雌性的繁殖策略受捕食和食物提供方式的影响”；第二段谈到“捕食和食物提供方式是生态因素”，故C是答案。三、概括段落大意与补全句子Preparing the Chinese New Year 1 Of all the traditional Chinese festivals, the N
30、ew Year is the most elaborate, colorful, and important. This is a time for the Chinese to congratulate each other and themselves on having passed through another year, a time to finish out the old, and to welcome in the New Year. Common expressions heard at this time are Guonian （to have made it thr
31、ough the old year） and Bainian （to congratulate the New Year）. 2The Chinese New Year is celebrated on the first day of the first month in the lunar calendar. The corresponding date in the solar calendar varies from as early as January 21st to as late as February 19th. The Chinese New Year, as the We
32、stern New Year, signifies turning over a new leaf. Socially, it is a time for family reunions, and for visiting friends and relatives. This holiday, more than any other Chinese holiday, stresses the importance of family ties. The Chinese New Years Eve dinner gathering is among the most important fam
33、ily occasions of the year. 3 Preparations for the Chinese New Year in old China started well in advance of the New Years Day. The 20th of the Twelfth Moon was set aside for the annual housecleaning, or the sweeping of the grounds. Every corner of the house must be swept and cleaned in preparation fo
34、r the new year. 4After the house is cleaned, it is time to bid farewell to the Kitchen God （Zaowang）. In Chinese folklore, the Kitchen God is regarded as the guardian of the family health. He is considered the inventor of fire as well as the censor of household morals. As the folktale goes, the Kitc
35、hen God leaves the house on the 23rd of the last month to report to heaven on the behavior of the family. At this time, the family would do everything possible to obtain a favorable report from the Kitchen God. On the evening of the 23rd, the family would give the Kitchen God a ritualistic farewell
36、dinner with sweet food and honey. Some say this is a bribe; others say it seals his mouth from saying bad things. 5Free from the watchful eyes of the Kitchen God, who is supposed to return on the first day of the New Year, the family now prepares for the upcoming celebrations. In China, most stores
37、usually close shop on the last day of the year and remain closed for the first week of the New Year. Consequently, families are busy in the last week of the old year, stocking up on foods and gifts. Chinese New Year presents are similar in spirit to Christmas presents, although the Chinese tend more
38、 often to give food items, such as fruits and tea. The last days of the old year are also the time to settle old debts.Task116、Paragraph 1_.正确答案：C解析：文中第一段概括地介绍了中国新年对中国人的意义以及它的一些中国通俗的叫法。因此答案为C。17、Paragraph 2_. 正确答案：D解析：第二段前半部分详细介绍了中国新年的时间，后半部分介绍中国新年对中国人的重要性。故答案为D。18、Paragraph 3_.正确答案：E解析：第三段讲了“扫房子”的时
39、间。故答案为E。19、Paragraph 4_. 正确答案：F解析：第四段第一句话就提到，扫完房子就要祭灶神了，之后整段都在介绍如何祭灶神。故答案为F。A: Giving Presents for the Chinese New YearB: Preparing for the Upcoming CelebrationsC: Brief Introduction to the Chinese New YearD: Time and Importance of the Chinese New YearE: The Annual Housecleaning20、Paragraph 5_. 正确答案
40、：B解析：最后一段介绍了祭灶之后人们接下来为过年所作的准备。故答案为B。Task221、The Chinese New Year is a time for the Chinese to congratulate each other and themselves on_.正确答案：E解析：根据文中第一段第二句话可知，人们过新年时会彼此恭喜又过了一年。故可以推断出答案为E。22、The date of the Chinese New Year in_ varies from as early as January 21 to as late as February 19.正确答案：D解析：第二
41、段前两句着重介绍了中国新年的时间。故可以推断出答案为D。23、Every corner of the house must be swept and cleaned in preparation for the new year on_.正确答案：F解析：根据第三段第二句和第三句可知，人们在腊月二十这一天扫房子。故可以推断出答案为F。24、In Chinese folklore, the Kitchen God is regarded as_.正确答案：A解析：根据第四段第二句话，可以推断出答案为A。25、In China, families are busy in the last week
42、 of the old year_ because most stores usually close shop on the last day of the year and remain closed for the first week of the New Year.正确答案：B解析：从第五段第二、三句话可知，人们在节前会大量采购食物和礼品，这是因为商店从除夕开始关门直到一周之后才开始营业。故可以推断出答案为B。A: the guardian of the family healthB: stocking up on foods and giftsC: return on the fi
43、rst day of the New YearD: the solar calendarE: having passed through another year四、填句补文Worse Living Through Better Technology I believe that advances in technology over the last fifty years have only served as a catalyst to the breakdown of our society and, though I cant stop them, I will try to cur
44、b the effects they have on my family and me. Television, being perhaps the most significant technological breakthrough ever, has allowed society to escape from reality and replace it with whatever is on the screen.（26）_ Anyone who has seen The Partridge Family knows that life really isnt like that,
45、and this can leave a person feeling empty and cheated.（27）_The more television I watch, the more likely I am to become detached from my own life and from reality.（28）_ Meanwhile my own life gets put on hold and my problems dont get fixed. It is very easy to take what you hear on any given news chann
46、el as the way it is, but maybe it is just the way they want you to perceive it.If its not the news thats being piped into the television, its something even worse, like the latest trendreality television.（29）_ Sports programs, to my mind, have also always been a great distraction from reality. I fin
47、d it amazing that I am still attracted to the result of a football game when it has absolutely no bearing on my existence whatsoever.It was Halloween last night and, since I dont have cable at the moment, I watched The Great Pumpkin, Charlie Brown with my family via YouTube on my PlayStation 3, whic
48、h happens to double as a web browser. I told my kids that the cartoon was from 1966, and that back then no one would be able to imagine this program being watched on something like a PlayStation 3, over a network like YouTube, rather than on NBC, ABC, or CBS. Those were the only three networks I had when I was growing up.（30） _ _ _ _ _.A: It is too easy to get caught up in whatever is happening on screen.B: I dont know about anyon
