牛津译林版七年级上册英语Unit 5知识归纳与语法讲解.docx

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1、牛津译林版七年级上册英语Unit 5知识归纳与语法讲解【词汇精讲】1.celebratecelebrate 在本单元中是不及物动词, 意为“庆祝”。“celebrate”的名词形式是“celebration”,意为“庆祝,庆祝活动”。例如:Today is Childrens Day, lets celebrate! 今天是儿童节,让我们庆祝一下吧!We will have a celebration for our success. 我们要为我们的成功庆祝一下。2. dress1)dress既可以做动词也可以做名词。dress用作名词时,一般为可数名词,主要指连衣裙或者上下连体的女装;也可以

2、指小孩穿的衣服,但不指男装。例如:She has a beautiful dress. 她有一件漂亮的裙子。2)dress做动词时意为“穿着,穿衣”,后面一般接表示人的名词或代词作宾语,不接表示衣服的名词。例如:The boy can dress himself. 那个男孩儿可以自己穿衣服。“dress up”意为“装扮,乔装打扮”或者“穿上盛装,打扮”。例如:You dont need dress up for the party.你不必为这个聚会精心打扮。“dress up as”意为“装扮成,打扮成”。例如:The boy often dresses up as a monkey. 那个

3、男孩常装扮成一只猴子。【拓展】wear, put on, dress inwear 表示穿着、戴着的某种状态She wears a pink coat. 她穿着一件粉红色大衣。put on 表示穿戴的动作She puts on her pink coat. 她穿上一件粉红色的大衣。dress 后接人作宾语,表示“给穿衣”She dresses herself every day. 她每天自己穿衣。in与wear 都表示“穿”或者“戴”,wear在句中作谓语,in与其他词一起构成介宾短语,做句子的定语、表语等。She is in pink. 她穿着粉红色的衣服。3. paintpaint 做动词

4、时,意为“给涂色”。“paint + 宾语 + 表示颜色的词”意为“把涂成”。paint 做名词时,意为“油漆,颜料,绘画作品”。例如:Please paint the wall green. 请把墙涂成绿色。 The paint is very popular. 这颜料很流行。【拓展】paint drawpaint指用颜料画画,如水彩画或者水墨画,而draw通常指用铅笔,钢笔或者粉笔画,一般并不涂上颜料。例如:I am painting the wall. 我在刷墙(给墙涂色)。 I like drawing. 我喜欢画画。4. knock knock 动词,意为“敲,击打”。其后通常跟介词

5、on或at,然后接宾语。 Someone is knocking at/ on the door. 有人敲门。 She knocked at / on the window. 她敲了敲窗户。5. trick or treat“trick or treat”意为“不招待, 就使坏”。 “treat”是名词,意为“招待,款待,请客” 。“give sb. a treat”意为“招待某人”;“give sb. sth. as a treat”意为“用某物招待某人”。例如:If he comes, I will give him a treat. 如果他来,我会招待他。What do you want

6、 to give him as a treat? 你想用什么招待他? “trick”做名词意为“把戏,全套”;作动词意为“捉弄”。“play a trick on sb.”意为“和某人开玩笑,捉弄某人”。例如:Everybody likes to play a trick on others on April the first. 每个人都喜欢在四月一号捉弄别人。6. questionquestion 作名词,意为“问题”;作动词时,意为“问(某人)问题”。例如:I have a question. 我有个问题。The police questioned the witness. 警察询问了证

7、人。【拓展】question与problem的辨析:question和problem都有“问题”的意思,但用法不同。question 指须解答的问题,是就疑问而言的;problem 指须解决的问题,是就困难而言的。例如:Whats your question? Can you answer it? 你的问题是什么?你能自己回答吗? Whats your problem? Can you solve it by yourself? 你的问题(困难)是什么?你能自己解决吗?7. find outfind out意为“找到,发现,查明”,多指通过调查、询问、打听、研究之后“弄明白”。通常含有“经过困

8、难、曲折”之后才找出难以找到的东西。例如:Please find out when the train leaves. 请查一下火车什么时候离站。【拓展】(1) find是动词,意为“找到”,通常指找到或发现具体的东西,强调的是找的结果。例如:He didnt find his book. 他没有找到他的书。(2) look for意为“寻找”,是有目的地找,强调找的动作。例如:Jim is looking for his little dog. Jim正在找他的狗。8. differentdifferent 形容词,意为“不同的”。其名词形式为“difference”。The two ans

9、wers are different. 这两个答案是不同的。Can you tell me the differences between them? 你能告诉我他们的不同之处吗?be different from意为“与不同”。 例如:Saying a thing is very different from doing it. 说一件事和做一件事很不相同。9. let off1)“let off”意为“使(炸弹等爆炸),燃放”,相当于“set off”。例如:The boys like to let off fireworks. 男孩们喜欢放烟花。2)off 可做介词也可以做副词,意为“离

10、开,脱离”。与off相关的短语有:take off 起飞,脱下 put off 推迟 turn off 关闭 get off 下车 10. give sb. sth.give sb. sth.= give sth. to sb. 意为:“把某物给某人”, 如果所给的东西用代词代替,只能用give it / them to sb. 例如:She gives the letters to her daughter.= She gives her daughter the letter.她把信给她女儿。Please give the ruler to him.= Please give him th

11、e ruler.请把这个尺子给他。Please give it to him.请把这个东西给他。11. interesting 和interested这两个词都是形容词。interesting表示某物本身有趣,强调主动,在句子中可以作定语、表语,多用来修饰物。interested着重于被动意义,其主语一般是人。常做表语,后接介 词in,一起构成be interested in结构,意为“对感兴趣”。例如:I am very interested in the interesting story.我对这个有趣的故事很感兴趣。12. show1) 表演,节目。例如:The most success

12、ful shows in the theatre are often musicals. 剧院里最叫座的节目往往是歌舞剧。2) 展览。例如:a flower show花卉展览 on show 在展览中【词汇精练】.英汉互译。1. get lots of nice presents _ 2.新年_ 3.节日_ 4.装扮,乔装打扮 _ 5.ghost_6. on show _ 7.as_ 8. 不招待便使坏_9. wear masks_ 10.做南瓜灯_.根据句意和首字母提示写出句中所缺单词。1. I like dressing up a_ Monkey King.2. -Why do you l

13、ike swimming ?-B_ they are interesting.3. Dont s_ at him, he cant hear.4. Harry Porter is very i_, and many students are _ in it.5. I give him some p_ on his birthday every year.6. How about getting t_ this evening?7. What about some more fruit?No, thanks. I am f_.8. People in China l_ off fireworks

14、 to celebrate the Spring Festival.9. There are some beautiful pictures on s_ in the museum.10. He likes p_ the door of his house red.III. 从方框中选出合适的词或短语并用其正确形式填空。dress up, find out, take photos, let off, get together, knock at, have fun, celebrate, get ready for, trick or treat1. Can you _ some infor

15、mation about Bill Gates.2. My brother enjoy_ with his digital camera.3. Every year, family members _ and have a party.4. He wants to _ as a ghost.5. We often _ fireworks on that night.6. People all over the world _ the New Year in different ways.7. Children knock on peoples doors and shout “_” on Ha

16、lloween.8. I would like to _ on holidays.9. Listen! Someone is _ the door.10. Mothers _good food_ the important day.【句式精讲】1. Lets celebrate!“Lets celebrate!”意为“让我们庆祝一下吧!”。本句是由lets开头的祈使句,表示征求意见或者提建议,后接动词原形;意为:“让我们吧!”;其句式为“Lets sb. do sth.”例如:Lets play football! 让我们踢足球吧! Lets go to school! 让我们去上学吧!【拓展

17、】lets 与let us在表示向对方提出建议,涉及双方的共同行为时,“let us”可以缩写成“lets”;而表示请求对方允许做某事,不涉及对方行为时,“let us”不能缩写成“lets”。例如:Lets (=Let us) play sports. 咱们做运动吧。Let us know your telephone number. 请把你的电话号码告诉我们。(Let us 不能缩写成Lets)2. What a nice cake!本句子的句意是“多么漂亮的蛋糕啊!”。该句是感叹句的省略句。感叹句可以用“What开头或者How开头,用陈述句语序,结尾用叹号。常见的结构有:What + a

18、/ an +(形容词)+单数名词+(主语+谓语)! What+(形容词)+不可数名词或者可数名词复数+(主语+谓语)! How + 形容词或者副词+(主语+谓语)!例如:What a nice girl she is ! 她是一个多么漂亮的女孩儿啊! What bad weather it is! 多么糟糕的天气啊! How beautiful the garden is! 这个花园真漂亮啊!3. Usually our parents getready for us.本句的句意是“通常父母为我们准备好”。“get sth. ready”意为“把某物准备好”。例如:Please get you

19、r school things ready. 请把学习用具准备好。 I will get the lunch ready. 我会把午餐准备好。 【拓展】有关ready的短语有:1)be / get ready for sth. 为做好准备例如:The students are getting ready for the test. 学生们在为考试做准备。2)be/get ready to do sth. 准备好做某事例如:Are you ready to go fishing? 你准备好去钓鱼了吗?3)be always ready to do 乐于做某事例如:She is always re

20、ady to help others. 她总是乐于助人。4. You seem very happy, Millie.本句的意思是“米莉,你似乎很高兴。”。seem是系动词,意为“好像,似乎,看来”,后常接形容词。例如:He seems very angry. 他好像非常生气。【拓展】seem的其它用法(1) seem + 名词 例如:He seems a nice man. 他看起来是个好人。(2) It seems that或It seemed that意为“看起来好像,似乎”。例如:It seemed that he was very happy. 他看上去好像很高兴。(3) seem

21、to be + 形容词或名词例如:She seems to be happy. 她看起来很高兴。 5. All my family get together and have a big dinner, eat moon cakes, and then enjoy the full moon.本句的句意是“我的家人聚在一起,吃顿大餐,吃月饼, 然后享受满月,太好了。”。“get together”,意为“聚会, 联欢”。例如:Our classmates will get together this weekend. 本周末我们同学要聚会。“enjoy sth.”意为“喜欢/享受/欣赏”;“e

22、njoy oneself”意为“玩的开心”。例如:I am enjoying flowers. 我在赏花。 I enjoy Chinese food very much. 我很喜欢中国食物。 We enjoyed ourselves in China. 我们在中国玩的很开心。“full moon”意为“满月”;“full”意为“满的,充满的,完全的,饱的”,反义词是“empty/ hungry”;常用词组是“be full of”,意为“充满,满是”。例如:The room is full of people. 房间里满是人。6. People make lanterns out of ora

23、nges.本句的句意是“人们用橘子做灯笼”。“makeout of”意为“用制成”。例如:He can make kites out of paper. 他会用纸制作风筝。 The workers can make bottles out of glass. 工人们会用玻璃制成瓶子。【拓展】be made of 和 be made from两个词组都是“由制作”的意思;但是“be made of”看的出原材料,“be made from”看不出原材料。例如:The table is made of wood. 这个桌子是木头做的。(看的出原材料) The bread is made from

24、wheat. 面包是由小麦制成的。(看不出原材料)【句式精练】.连词成句。1. movie, about, hero, the, a, is _.2. can, save, she, the, tiger ?_? 3. do, like, what, to, you, do? _?4. putting, book, Jenny, desk, the, is, on, the, _.5. usually, with, English, he, me, helps, my _.句型转换,每空一词。1. He does well in drawing. (改为同义句) He_ _ _ drawing

25、.2. Millie likes her birthday because she can get many presents.(对划线部分提问) _ _ Millie like her birthday?3. Jim goes out with his classmates. (对划线部分提问) _ _ Jim go out with?4. We eat some rice dumplings on that day.(对划线部分提问) _ _ you eat on that day?5. I chat with my friend on the phone. (对划线部分提问) _ _ y

26、ou chat with your friend?. 根据汉语提示,完成句子。1.在所有的节日中,我最喜欢中秋节。Of all the festivals, I _ Mid-Autumn festival _.2.家人在这个日子团聚。Family members _ _on that day.3. 他似乎很高兴。He _very_.4. 人们在一年的这个时候载歌载舞。People sing and dance _ the _of the _.5. 好极了,咱们一起去上学吧!Great! _ _ _ school _.6. 你喜欢打扮成什么样子?What do you like _ _ _?7.

27、 我最喜欢万圣节。I like _ _?8. 你能油漆一下这个窗户吗?_ you _ this window?9. 你为什么总是捉弄他?Why do you _ _ _ _ him all the time?10. 你在公园玩的高兴吗?Do you _ _ at the party?. 从方框中选择正确的选项(有的选项是多余的),补全对话。A. No, we tell the story of ChangeB. Yes, of course.C. Moon cakes and a lot of delicious food.D. We have a family get-together.E.

28、 Hello, Kate!F. The Mid-Autumn festival.Kate: Hello, Amy!Amy: 1 Kate: Which is your favorite festival?Amy: 2 Kate: How do you celebrate it?Amy: 3 Kate:Do you have a big dinner?Amy: 4 Kate: What do you eat?Amy: 5 Kate: And a wonderful party?Amy: Yes, of course.Kate: That will be fun.Grammar一般疑问句和特殊疑问

29、句【概念引入】英语中的句子按照句式可以分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。一、陈述句用来说明事实或说话人的看法;分为肯定句和否定句。例如:My name is Lily. 我的名字叫莉莉。(肯定句) She isnt a teacher. 她不是一个老师。(否定句)二、祈使句用来表示请求、命令、劝告和建议等。例如:Open the door please! 请打开门。三、感叹句用来表达强烈的感情。例如:What a beautiful girl she is!她真是个漂亮的女孩儿啊!四、疑问句用来提出问题。例如:Are you my new teacher? 你是我的新老师吗?本节课,我们将重

30、点讲解疑问句的用法。【用法讲解】疑问句可以分为一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和附加疑问句。本册书中我们重点学习的是一般疑问句和特殊疑问句。1.一般疑问句。(1)什么是一般疑问句?可以用Yes或者No来回答的疑问句是一般疑问句。一般疑问句读的时候往往要用升调;译成汉语的时候常可以译为“吗?”。例如:Are you a student? 你是个学生吗? Yes, I am. 是的,我是。 Can you speak English? 你会说英语吗? Yes, I can. 是的,我会。 Do you go to school every day? 你每天都上学吗? No, I dont. 不,

31、不是。(2)如何将陈述句变成一般疑问句? 句中有be动词(am,is, are,was, were等)、助动词(do,does,did, have, had等)或情态动词(can,must,will,may等)时,将其提到句首,句末加上问号即可。例如:She is a clever girl. 她是个聪明的女孩。Is she a clever girl? 她是个聪明的女孩吗?I can swim. 我会游泳。Can you swim? 你会游泳吗? 如果句中没有be动词、助动词或情态动词,则要根据不同的时态在句首加上相应的助动词来构成一般疑问句。 例如,我们目前学过的一般现在时,当句子的谓语动

32、词是行为动词时,把句子变成一般疑问句就要在句首加上助动词do或者does提问。主语是第三人称单数时用does,其余人称用do。此时句子的谓语动词要用原形。例如:He likes reading books. 他喜欢读书。Does he like reading books? 他喜欢读书吗?I do my homework every day. 我每天做作业。Do you do your homework every day? 你每天都做作业吗?注意:在把陈述句变成一般疑问句时,除了以上的变化外,还要注意一些相应的词的变化,例如人称的变化,或者把 some变成any等。例如: She has s

33、ome bread for breakfast. 她早餐吃了些面包。 Does she have any bread for breakfast? 她早餐吃了些面包吗? I am a student. 我是个学生。 Are you a student? 你是个学生吗? I do my homework every day. 我每天做作业。 Do you do your homework every day? 你每天都做作业吗?2.特殊疑问句。(1)什么是特殊疑问句?特殊疑问句是以特殊疑问词开头,用来询问具体的某一方面信息的疑问句。特殊疑问句中常见的特殊疑问词有:what(什么),who(谁),

34、where(哪里), when(何时),why(为什么),how(如何)等。特殊疑问句在回答的时候,不可以用Yes 或者No,必须回答具体的内容。例如:Whats his name? 他叫什么名字?His name is Tom. 他的名字是汤姆。Who is the girl? 那个女孩儿是谁?Shes my sister. 她是我的姐姐。Why were you late for school? 你为什么又迟到了?Because I got up late. 因为我起晚了。Whose book is this? 这是谁的书?Its mine. 这是我的书。Which color do yo

35、u like? 你喜欢哪个颜色?I like red. 我喜欢红色。(2)如何将陈述句变为特殊疑问句?当我们对一个陈述句中的某一项内容进行提问时,就构成一个特殊疑问句。此时首先要确定用哪一个疑问词,然后将原来的句子变为一般疑问句放在疑问词的后面,把句号变为问号。果对主语或修饰主语的词提问其语序是陈述句的语序:“特殊疑问词(名词)谓语动词+.?”。例如:Its me. (对划线部分提问)Who is it?This is my bike. (对划线部分提问) Whose bike is this?如果对其他成分提问,其语序是:特殊疑问词一般疑问句。例如:She looks like her mo

36、ther. (对划线部分提问) Who does she look like? Im from England. (对划线部分提问) Where are you from?(3)常见的特殊疑问词的用法。 特殊疑问词What的相关用法。What可以用来 询问姓名、年龄、事物、职业和数学计算结果等。例如:Whats your name? 你叫什么名字?Whats your age?How old are you? 你多大了?What is two plus four? 二加四是多少?询问几点几分用What time(询问什么时候用When)、询问星期几用What day,询问日期用Whats th

37、e date?例如:What day is it today? 今天是星期几?What time is it now? 现在是几点了?Whats the date today? 今天是几号?What about可以用来征求别人的意见和建议,等于How about。例如:What about going fishing after school? 放学后去钓鱼如何?What class/grade可以用来 询问在哪一个班或者年级,此时也可以用Which class/grade。例如:What class are you in? 你在哪一个班级?I am in Class Two, Grade O

38、ne. 我在一年级二班。询问是什么颜色用What color。例如:What color is your bike? 你的自行车是什么颜色?Its black. 是黑色的。其他特殊疑问词的用法。询问某人是谁用Who,询问某物是谁的用Whose。例如:Who is your teacher? 谁是你的老师?The man in black coat. 穿黑色大衣的那个男人。Whose bike is this? 这是谁的自行车?Its my fathers. 它是我爸爸的。询问哪一个用Which。例如:Which color do you like? 你喜欢哪个颜色?询问地点用Where。例如:

39、Where is your book? 你的书在哪里?询问原因用Why。例如:Why are you late again? 你为什么又迟到了?询问方式、状况或者程度等可以用How。例如:How can I get to the station? 我怎样能到车站?询问某物的价格和价钱用How much。例如:How much is your bike? 你的自行车多少钱?How much are these apples? 这些苹果多少钱?注意:询问某物有多少可以用How many和How much。How many的后面用可数名词的复数形式,How much的后面用不可数名词。例如:How

40、many people are there in your family? 你家有多少口人?How much water is there in the bottle? 瓶子里有多少水?How的相关词组还有很多,我们在以后的学习中要进一步积累。 【巩固练习】.单项选择。1_ is your dictionary? 10 Yuan.A. How much B. How many C. What D. Whose2_ subjects do you have ? Seven.A. How longB. How many C. How much D. How far3_ do you like be

41、st? I like math best.A. Which subjectB. What foodC. What colorDWhich sport4. _ do you like science? _its interesting.A. Why; SoB. What; BecauseC. Why; Because D. How; Because5. When _the girl _ her homework?A. does; does B. does; do C. do; does D. do; do6. Does he want to go to a movie? _.A. Yes, he

42、 doesB. No, he doesC. Yes, he doesnt D. Yes, she is7. _ kind of movies do you like? I like comedies very much.A. Whats B. How C. What D. Why8. _ are these bananas? Five dollars.A. What colorB. How about C. How muchD. How many9. Can we play football in the street? No, you _. Its dangerous.A. canB. mustntC. mayD. may not10. _ does he play football? In the afternoon.A. When B. Where C. HowD. What【真题链接】1. _ is your father? Does he still work as an engineer? Yes, he has been an engineer for thirty years.A.Who B. How C. What D. Wh

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