1、Participle as adverbialUnit 4 Journey Across a Vast Land1.过去分词作表语与被动语态的差异过去分词作表语与被动语态的差异I was surprised at the news.(系表)I was brought up by my aunt.(被动)被动语态表示动作,强调被动关系,绝大多数被动结构中的行为执行者可以由by引出。作表语用的过去分词表示主语的特点或所处的状态,这种结构中的过去分词前可加quite、very、rather等修饰词。done作表语用法归纳用法归纳He is terrifying.(指他令人害怕)He is terri
2、fied.(指他感到害怕)Please describe a dog that is frightened.(狗受到了惊吓)Please describe a dog that is frightening.(狗是令人害怕的)当表示主语处于某种状态,即“感到/觉得”时,表语要使用过去分词;而要表示主语具有“令人/使别人感到”的特征/性质时,表语使用过去分词2.过去分词与现在分词作表语的区别done作表语用法归纳2.过去分词与现在分词作表语的区别done作表语【practice】his _(frighten)look/facial expressionGoing into the wildern
3、ess alone can be _（frighten）.Do you feel _（frighten)when going into the wilderness alone?frightenedfrightenedfrightening区别表示情感意义的ing分词和ed分词用法：用法：现在现在分词分词作表语表示作表语表示主语的特征主语的特征(令人令人/使别人感到使别人感到)。过去过去分词分词作表语表示作表语表示主语的状态主语的状态或者主观心理感受或者主观心理感受。注意：很多注意：很多作表语的现在分词和过去分词都变成了形容词作表语的现在分词和过去分词都变成了形容词,和系动词和系动词 (be,
4、seem,remain,feel,look等等)连用连用，或者用作或者用作定语定语修饰名词修饰名词例句：例句：1.The music is much (please)to the ear.2.I am very (please)to help you.pleasingpleased3.The story is very _(move),and we were deeply _(move).4.Going into the wilderness alone can be _（frighten）.5.Do you feel _（frighten)when going into the wilder
5、ness alone?6.His eyes opened wide with a _(frighten)look.7.The young NBA basketball king James is _(marry)8.She seemed totally _(absorb)in her book.movingfrightenedfrighteningmovedfrightenedmarriedabsorbed过去分词过去分词(短语短语)作状语作状语 （一）（一）Seen from the top of the hill,the school looks like a big garden.Giv
6、en more attention,the fire could have been avoided.Encouraged by the teacher,the girl was very happy.Left alone at home,Jenny didnt feel afraid at all.done作状语用法归纳过去分词作状语时,其表示的动作与句子的主语之间为逻辑上的被动关系。过去分词在句中可以作时间状语、原因状语、条件状语、让步状语、伴随状语或方式状语。1.The teacher came into the classroom,followed by two students.2.
7、Having been discussed several times,the decision wasnt made yet.3.Having finished his homework,he began to watch TV.4.Working hard at your lessons,you will succeed.5.Being repaired now,this computer cant be used.Complete the sentences with appropriate conjunctions.The teacher came into the classroom
8、,and was followed by two students.Although it had been discussed several times,the decision wasnt After he had finished his homework,he began to watch TV.If you work hard at your lessons,you will succeed.Because it is repaired now,this computer cant be used.方式/伴随让步时间条件原因6.His father died,leaving him
9、 a lot of money.结果His father died,and left him a lot of money./which left him.More time given to us,we should have done the job much better.如果给我们更多的时间,我们会把工作做得更好。过去分词过去分词(短语短语)作状语作状语 （二）（二）当过去分词的逻辑主语与句子主语不一致时,可以保留其逻辑主语。我们称这种带逻辑主语的分词结构为独立主格结构。用法归纳done作状语1.The text finished,we began our holiday.2.Weat
10、her permitting,we can go out for a picnic.More examples:The text was finished,so we began our holiday.If weather permits,we can go out for a picnic.独立主格结构：有自己的逻辑主语，可表示时间，原因，条件等。Eg:The poor man lay there.His hands were trembling.The poor man lay there,his hands trembling.When given a medical examinat
11、ion,you should keep calm.I wont attend his birthday party unless invited.过去分词过去分词(短语短语)作状语作状语 （三）（三）过去分词作状语有时可以根据需要在前面加上相应的连词,构成“连词+过去分词”结构。常用的连词有if、unless、when、as、once、even if/though、as if/though、though/although等。用法归纳done作状语Consolidation:2._ (give)more time,we could do it much better.Given Consolid
12、ation:2.当你从山顶看的时候，这个公园看上去很美。_，the park looks beautiful.Seen from the top of the mountainSatisfied with the result of the exam,her parents bought her this gift.Occupied in writing his novel,he has no time to go outside and swim with his friends.过去分词过去分词(短语短语)作状语作状语 （四）（四）有些过去分词短语作状语时侧重描述主语所处的状态状态,这些过
13、去分词短语源于系表结构。常见的有:absorbed in、focused on、concentrated on、engaged in/on、buried in、occupied in/with等。用法归纳done作状语Seen from the sky,our city is very beautiful.(our city与see之间是被动关系)Seeing it from the sky,we find our city is very beautiful.(we与see之间是主动关系)过去分词与现在分词作状语的区别分词在句子中作状语时,分词的逻辑主语与句子的主语一致。使用哪种分词,取决于
14、分词表示的动作与句子主语之间的关系:被动关系用过去分词,主动关系用现在分词。用法归纳done作状语语法研析练 Seen from the hill the park looks very beautiful.Seeing the scenery from the top of the mountain,(=When I see the scenery from the top of the),I was fascinated by the autumn colors.过去分词做状语，相当于由when,while,until等连词引导的_从句。时间状语被动主动(=When it is seen
15、from the hill),【practice】1.If we _(give)more time,we could have done the job much better.2._(give)more time,we could have done the job much better.3.If _(give)more time,we could have done the job much better.4.If more time _(give),we could have done the job much better.5.More time _(give),we could h
16、ave done the job much better.done作状语were givenwere givenGivengivengiven【practice】1._(see)from the hill,the park looks very beautiful.2._(see)the scenery from the top of the mountain,I was fascinated by the autumn colors.3._(see)the fantastic scenery,I got up early at 6 a.m.done作状语SeenSeeingTo seeOnc
17、e discovered,the mistakes must be corrected.If given the same treatment again,he is sure to get well.连词特别提醒1.有时过去分词做状语，前面可加_用以强调或补全句意，常用的连词有：when,once,if,though,although,unless.2.过去分词(短语)作状语时，过去分词(短语)的逻辑主语通常是句子的主语，否则，分词(短语)前应加上自己的主语。这种带有自身主语的过去分词(短语)被称为过去分词(短语)的独立主格结构。过去分词(短语)的独立主格结构通常在句中作状语，可表示时间、原
18、因、条件等。The test （finish)，we began our holiday.The boy lay on his back，his hands (cross)under his head.Much time (spend)sitting at a desk，office workers are generally troubled by health problems.The man lay there,his hands .(tremble)特别提醒finishedcrossed spenttremblingThe wind raised the fallen leaves f
19、rom the ground.People got water by dropping a bucket tied to a rope.used booksa retired teacherdone作定语过去分词作定语过去分词作定语作定语时,过去分词表示的动作与被修饰词之间一般为被动关系。单个的过去分词作定语,一般放在被修饰词的前面,过去分词短语作定语,一般放在被修饰词的后面。及物动词的过去分词表示被动和完成,不及物动词的过去分词不表示被动,只表示完成。用法归纳There is a nice picture _(hang)on the wall.过去分词作定语过去分词作定语(与现在分词的比较与
20、现在分词的比较)done作定语过去分词作定语时,其表示的动作与被修饰词之间一般为被动关系,而现在分词作定语时,其表示的动作与被修饰词之间为主动关系。用法归纳hanging即学即练 bore excite tire satisfy I was not _ with the hotel.It was not as clean as I expected.But we had a _ meal at the hotels restaurant,so I felt a bit better later on.我对这家宾馆不满意，它的卫生状况没有达到我的预期。不过我们在宾馆餐厅吃的那顿饭令人满意，因此后来我感觉好一些了。satisfiedsatisfying感到满意的做表语令人满意的做定语过去分词作定语过去分词作定语(与现在分词的比较与现在分词的比较)done作定语单个的分词作定语时,形容表情或者是人的感受用过去分词;形容事/物用现在分词。用法归纳His excited expression suggested that he had got exciting marks.satisfiedexcitingexcitedencouragedencouragingfacedgivenallowing
