1、第二部分 语法专题突破语法专题突破专题二代词考点1人称代词、物主代词与反身代词人称代词、物主代词与反身代词一览表人称类别人称代词物主代词反身代词主格宾格形容词性名词性第一人称单数Imemyminemyself复数weusouroursourselves第二人称单数youyouyouryoursyourself复数youyouyouryoursyourselves第三人称单数hehimhishishimselfsheherherhersherselfitititsitsitself复数theythemtheirtheirsthemselves1.人称代词的用法类别作用例句主格作主语类别作用例句宾
2、格作宾语，用 在动词或介词后类别作用例句宾格作表语，用在系动词之后2.物主代词的用法类别作用例句形容词性物主代词作定语类别作用例句名词性物主代词 作主语 作宾语 作表语 注 意(1)形容词性物主代词不能单独使用，用于名词前作定语，相当于形容词的作用；名词性物主代词形容词性物主代词名词，具有名词特征，后面不接名词，须单独使用。(2)物主代词前后不能有this、that、some、a、an、the等词修饰。如：不能说 the my right hand。3反身代词的用法作用位置例句作宾语动词或介词之后作表语系动词之后作用位置例句作同位语名词或代词之后或句末 注意：反身代词不能放在名词前作定语，要想
3、表达“某人自己的”，用own作定语。eg.my own room 我自己的房间 a book of her own 一本她自己的书拓 展 反身代词常用的固定搭配enjoy oneself 玩得愉快 dress oneself 自己穿衣服hurt oneself 伤害自己 by oneself 单独地；独自地lose oneself 迷失自我 teach oneself 自学learn by oneself 自学help oneself(to)自用(食物等)典例精析例1Look at the umbrella.Whose is it?It may be Millies.umbrella is t
4、he same as this one.ASheBHerCHersDHerself【方法点拨】第1步：分析句子可知此处需要一个形容词性的单词修饰空后的名词umbrella。第2步：分析选项。she“她”，人称代词主格；her“她的”，形容词性物主代词或人称代词宾格“她”；hers“她的”，名词性物主代词，相当于“her名词”；herself“她自己”，反身代词。故选B。例2His hometown is famous for tea,and (my)is famous for silk.【方法点拨】第1步：由括号中所给单词my可知，此处要填my的相关形式。第2步：分析句子成分可知此空在句中作主
5、语，故应用名词性物主代词。故填mine。活学巧练单项选择1We enjoyed _ at the English party last weekend.Aus Bour Cours Dourselves2You can ask _ some questions by telephone.Ahe Bhim CHis D B 3Susan,is that watch on the desk _？No,it isnt _ watch.It must be Brians.Ayours;my Byour;mineCyour;my Dyours;mine4Did you do the homework _
6、？Yes,I finished it on my own last night.Ayou Byour Cyours DyourselfA D 7Are those _ keys,Jack?No,they arent.Theyre Uncle _ Ayours;Sams Byour;SamCyour;Sams Dyours;Sam8They won the basketball matchyesterday.Great!We are so proud of _ Athey Bthem Ctheir Dtheirs C B9Who is the girl under the tree?She is
7、 _ classmate,Annie.AIBmeCmy10Wendy,do you know the children over there?Yes._ names are Annie and Anna.AHer BHis CTheirs DTheir C D 11Dont worry.The girl is oldenough to look after _.Aherself Bher Chers Dshe12,Is this your dictionary,Jean?No,its not mine.Its _Ashe Bher Chers Dherself A C 13(2017北部湾经济
8、区)Is this your Apple watch?No,its not _Its Lilys.Amy Bmine Cyour Dyours14(2016南宁)She is my friend._ name is Betty.AIts BHis CHer DMy15Annie,_ books are all over the place.Sorry,Mom.Ill put them away.Ayou Byour Cyours Dyourself B C B 16Mr.Wang is coming to our school.I cant wait to see _Aher Bhim Cit
9、 Dthem17New kinds of morning exercises like doing dancing are becoming popular._ can help us keep fit and have fun.AWe BYou CThey DHe B C18When times are difficult,tell _ that pain is part of growing.Ayou Byourself Cyour Dyours19Frank is a friend of _.He is a scientist from Canada.Amy BI Cme Dmine20
10、Many people find that listening to soft music helps _ to sleep well.Ahim Bher Cthem Dit B D C 考点2指示代词1指示代词this、that的用法(1)指示代词作主语时，既可指人，又可指物。作其他成分时，只能指物。单数复数用法thisthese一般指在空间或时间上较近的人或物thatthose一般指在空间或时间上较远的人或物eg.This is a map of China and that is a map of the world.这是一张中国地图，那是一张世界地图。These are my frie
11、nds and those are my brothers friends.这些是我的朋友，那些是我弟弟的朋友。(2)在表示比较的句子中，为了避免重复，用that指代前面出现过的单数可数名词或不可数名词，those指代复数名词。eg.(3)打电话时用this介绍自己，用that询问对方。eg.This is Sally speaking.Is that Mary？我是萨莉。你是玛丽吗？(4)在疑问句中，如果句子主语是this、that、these或those，回答时常用it代替this或that，用they代替these或those。eg.Is this/that your car？这/那是你
12、的汽车吗？Yes,it is.是的，它是。2one、it与that的区别代词用法one可代替单数可数名词，与前面提到过的事物是同一类，但不是同一个，即“同类异物”，表示泛指。复数形式为ones，指代复数名词it代替单数可数名词，指上文提到过的同一事物，即“同类同物”that代替前面提到过的单数可数名词或不可数名词，它表示同一类而不是同一个，表示特指。复数形式为thoseeg.Which jacket would you like,this one or that one?你要哪件夹克，这件还是那件？I cant find my hat.I dont know where I put it.我找
13、不到我的帽子。我不知道我把它放在哪里了。The library of our school is bigger than that of your.我们学校的图书馆比你们学校的大。拓 展 it的特殊用法(1)it作形式主语时，常用于下列句型中：It is/wasadj.(for/of sb.)to do sth.“(对某人来说)做某事是/某人做某事”Its time to do/for sth.“到做某事的时间了。”It seems/seemed that“看起来；似乎”Its ones turn to do sth.“轮到某人做某事了。”It takes/took sb.some time
14、to do sth.“做某事花费某人多长时间。”(2)it作形式宾语时，常用在find、think、believe等动词后。eg.I find it very important to learn English well.我发现学好英语很重要。(3)it的其他用法：指代婴儿或不明身份的人。eg.Someone is knocking at the door.Please go and see who it is.有人在敲门。请去看看是谁。指代时间或季节。eg.Whats the time now？现在几点了？Its ten oclock.十点钟了。指代天气。eg.Whats the weat
15、her like today？今天天气怎么样？Its sunny.晴天。指代距离。eg.How far is it from your home to your school？从你家到学校有多远？典例精析例Whats your QQ number?is 355994127.AI BHe CIt DShe【方法点拨】第1步：由四个选项可知此处是考查人称代词主格辨析。第2步：由句子语境可知，此处是指QQ号码，应用it指代。故选C。活学巧练单项选择1After the new highspeed railway line began operations，the time on the trip f
16、rom Lianyungang to Qingdao now is much less than _ in the past.Aone Bthis Cthat Dit2Sam finds sweeping robots useful,and he plans to buy _for his grandma.Athis Bone Cit Dthat C B 3Many young people find _ exciting to watch a live basketball match.Ait Bone Cthis Dthat4George,can you see _ two women i
17、n the picture?They are my mother and my aunt.Athis Bit Cone Dthose A D 选词填空5I cant find my ticket.I think I have lost _6They provided several ways to solve the problem.We can choose_to have a try.7The pictures about the city are not so amazing as _ about the countryside.8Hello!Who is that?Hello!_ is
18、 Anne speaking.it one those This考点3不定代词1普通不定代词(1)some、any的用法比较：代词用法相同点some一般用于肯定句中，表示“一些，某些；某个”；也可用于疑问句中，表示希望得到对方的肯定回答或委婉提出建议与要求既可以修饰可数名词，又可以修饰不可数名词any一般用于否定句、疑问句及条件句中，表示“一些，少许”；也可用于肯定句中，表示“任何”的意思(2)both、all、either、neither、none、each的用法比较：代词含义及用法谓语动词形式相同点both“(两者)都”，指代或修饰复数可数名词复数形式都能与of短语连用；都能单独作主语al
19、l“都(3)”，指代或修饰复数可数名词或不可数名词单复数都可以either“两者中的任何一个”，修饰单数可数名词单数形式neither“(两者)都不”，修饰单数可数名词单数形式none“都不(3)”，既可指代复数可数名词，又可指代不可数名词单复数都可以each“每一个(2)”，指代或修饰单数可数名词单数形式(3)few、a few、many、little、a little、much的用法比较：代词含义用法few几乎没有(表否定)修饰或代替复数名词a few有几个(表肯定)many很多代词含义用法little几乎没有(表否定)修饰或代替不可数名词a little有一点儿(表肯定)much很多(4
20、)other、others、the other、the others、another的用法比较：代词含义用法other泛指“另外的”常作形容词，修饰复数可数名词或不可数名词others泛指“另一些”只能单独使用，常用于“some others”结构the other特指“(两部分中的)另一个(些)”可单独使用，也可修饰名词，常用于“onethe other”结构代词含义用法theothers特指“(三个及三个以上物体)其余的一些”只能单独使用another泛指“(三者或三者以上的)另外一个”可单独使用，也可修饰单数可数名词典例精析例Do you like rock music or count
21、ry music?.I like Beijing Opera.AEither BNone CBoth DNeither【方法点拨】第1步：分析语境。句意为“你喜欢摇滚音乐还是乡村音乐？”“。我喜欢京剧。”第2步：分析选项。either“(两者之间)任何一个”；none“(三者或三者以上)一个都不”；both“(两者)都”；neither“(两者)都不”。由答语内容可知是两者都不喜欢。故选D。活学巧练单项选择1What would you like,meat or fish?_I prefer chicken.AEither BNeither CBoth DEach2This room is t
22、oo small.Id like to ask for _one.Sure.We have rooms available here.Aanother Bthe other Cother Dthe others B A 3Happy birthday,Mr.Wang!Here are some presents from _ of us.Thank you so much,boys and girls!Aboth Bneither Ceither Dall4I dont have enough money for the Tshirt.Dont worry.I can lend _ to yo
23、u.Amuch Bany Cmany Dsome5There are four bedrooms in the house._ one is with its own bathroom.AEither BEach CNeither DBothD D B6It rained heavily this morning,but _of my classmates were late for school.Aneither Bnone Call Dboth7Do you know where the last two pictures went?A millionaire bought _ of th
24、em.He thought they were worth.Aeither Beach Cnone Dboth B D 2复合不定代词(北部湾经济区4年3考；南宁：201687题)(1)初中阶段常见的复合不定代词词根one(指人)body(指人)thing(指物)some(肯定)someone(某人)somebody(某人)something(某事，某物)any(否定/疑问)anyone(任何人)anybody(任何人)anything(任何事)every(肯定)everyone(每个人)everybody(每个人)everything(每件事，一切)no(否定)no one(没有人)nobo
25、dy(没有人)nothing(什么都没有)(2)复合不定代词的用法形容词修饰复合不定代词时，形容词位于复合不定代词之后，作后置定语。复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数。当something、anything、nothing 等复合不定代词作主语时，反意疑问句的主语用it。当 somebody、anybody、nobody等复合不定代词作主语时，反意疑问句的主语用he/they。由some构成的复合不定代词一般用于肯定句中，也可用于表达建议或请求的疑问句中，表示说话人希望得到肯定的回答。由any构成的复合不定代词一般用于肯定句中。当anything、anyone用于肯定句中时，指“任何事/
26、人”。典例精析例1What did your sister buy for your mother on Mothers Day?.She made a card for her.ANothing BSomethingCAnything DEverything【方法点拨】第1步：分析语境。句意为“你姐姐给你的妈妈在母亲节买了什么？”“。她给她制作了一张贺卡。”第2步：分析选项。nothing“没有什么”；something“某事/物”；anything“任何事/物”；everything“所有事物”。由答语后半句内容可知是没买什么。故选A。活学巧练单项选择8The New Year Conce
27、rt was so amazing that _left during the performance.Aeverybody Banybody Cnobody Dsomebody9Could you stay a little longer?I have_more to tell you about the plan for tomorrow.Asomething BeverythingCanything Dnothing C A 10Adam,youre wanted by _on the phone.He wants to invite you to watch a football ma
28、tch.Aeveryone Bsomeone Canyone Dno one11At present,children mean_ to their parents in China.Aanything Bnothing Csomething Deverything B D 考点4常见疑问代词的用法疑问代词用法例句who“谁”，提问人称代词主格Who is your teacher?你的老师是谁？whom“谁”，提问人称代词宾格Whom are you talking with?你正在和谁说话？whose“谁的”，提问物主代词Whose book is this?这是谁的书？which提问指定
29、范围内的“哪一个”Which picture do you like best?你最喜欢哪张照片？what“什么”，对具体内容提问What do you like？你喜欢什么？活学巧练单项选择1 _sport will you take part in,Peter?The boys 800meter race.AWhere BWhen CWhich DHow2 _ is the man over there?Hes my uncle.AWho BHow CWhere DWhich C A 3_card is this?It is mine.My brother Alan gave it to me on my birthday.AWhom BWhose CWhich DWho4The summer holiday is coming._are you going to do?I want to go to Shanghai to visit my aunt with my parents.AWhat BWhich CWhere DHowBA感谢观看感谢观看
