1、宾语从句什么是宾语I like my teacher.（名词作宾语（名词作宾语)I enjoy playing basketball.(动名词作宾语）动名词作宾语）I decide to study hard.（不定式作宾语）（不定式作宾语）I know him.（代词作宾语）（代词作宾语）宾语是动作、行为的对象，是动作的承受者。宾语是动作、行为的对象，是动作的承受者。宾语由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任。宾语由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任。一、宾语从句的概念 宾语从句即句子作宾语，而不再是一个词或短语作宾语。I like my teacher.（名词作宾语)
2、I know him.（代词作宾语）I know that Mr Li teaches English.(句子作宾语）包含宾语从句的句子结构：主句+连接词（引导词）+宾语从句二、宾语从句三要素连连 接接 词词时时 态态语语 序序vLin Tao feels(that)his own team is even better.vShe says(that)she wont take part in the sports meeting next Sunday.vJim thought(that)the train was like a big moving party.vHe said(that)
3、he would like to see the headmaster.注：that 在句中无词汇意义，在从句中不能充当成分，在口语当中往往省略e.g.1.I hear(that)_.（一小时后他会回一小时后他会回来）来）2.He said(that)_.（他非常想念我们）他非常想念我们）3.The teacher told us(that)_.（地球围着太阳转）地球围着太阳转）he will be back in an hour he missed us very much the earth moves around the sun注意：当从句是客观真理的时候，无论主句什注意：当从句是客观
4、真理的时候，无论主句什么时态，从句一律用一般现在时么时态，从句一律用一般现在时一般疑问句做宾语我问他我问他是否是否想去游泳想去游泳1,改为陈述句语气，改为陈述句语气，2，用，用if/whether连接连接I ask Does he want to go swim?he wants to go swimif/whetherI ask（二）宾语从句的语序（二）宾语从句的语序句子的两种语序:1.陈述句结构叫陈述语序 2 疑问句结构叫疑问语序 宾语从句必须用宾语从句必须用 _陈述语序陈述语序There is a shop near here.Is there a shop near here?由if或
5、whether引导的宾语从句。If和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。例如：I want to know if(whether)he lives there.He asked me whether(if)I could help him.注意以下情况只用whether，不用if。1.whether引导的从句常可以与连词or或or not直接连用。如：Let me know whether you can come or not.Let me know if you can come or not.2.当宾语从句提到句首时，只能用whether引导。如：Whether it is true
6、or not,I cant tell.If it is true or not,I cant tell.3.whether可以引导带to的不定式。如：I dont know whether to accept or refuse.I dont know if to accept or refuse.4.whether及其引导的成分可放于介词之后，作介词的宾语。如：I worry about whether I hurt her feelings.I worry about if I hurt her feelings.练一练1.Is he reading?2.Does Tom work har
7、d?3.Can you sing?用以下开头与下列句子连成宾语从句用以下开头与下列句子连成宾语从句:1.Do you know 2.I want to know 3.The teacher asks if/whether我想知道你最喜欢那一条领带？特殊疑问句做宾语特殊疑问句做宾语用疑问引导，改为陈述语气用疑问引导，改为陈述语气。我想知道你最喜欢哪一条领带？Which tie do you like best?特殊疑问句变成特殊疑问句变成 陈述语序陈述语序连接词就是疑问词本身连接词就是疑问词本身I wonderI wonder ATTENTIONwhich tie you like best.1
8、.Wheres your pen pal from?2.Where does he live?3.What language does she speak?4.Why do you like pandas?Where your pen pal is from.Where he lives.What language she speaks.Why you like pandas.练习：将下列句子改成陈述句语序：练习：将下列句子改成陈述句语序：Do you know where _ from?(he,come)Can you tell me which_to the park?(be the wa
9、y)he comesis the way 练一练1.What is this?2.What are you doing?3.Where do you live?用以下开头与下列句子连成宾语从句用以下开头与下列句子连成宾语从句:1.Do you know 2.I want to know 3.Can you tell me（三）时态(时态一致性）1.如果主句的时态是一般现在时，宾语从句的时态根据具体情况来确定，可以是_时态。I dont think(that)you are right.Please tell us where well go fishing tomorrow.Do you kn
10、ow when Mr.Smith moved here?任任 何何任任 何何宾语从句中时态的变化宾语从句中时态的变化Jim (be)a worker two years ago.Jim (be)an English teacher now.Jim (cook)dinner tomorrow.Jim (sing)a popular song now.Jim (be)to the Great Wall twice.Jim (play)basketball when his father came back.Jim (learn)1000 Chinese words by the end of la
11、st semester.填一填填一填wasiswill cookis singinghas beenwas playinghad learned1.当主句是一般现在时，宾语从句的时态不作限制，我们可当主句是一般现在时，宾语从句的时态不作限制，我们可以根据句子的需要使用任何一种时态。以根据句子的需要使用任何一种时态。（需要性原则）（需要性原则）I hear(that)2.如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的_时态（一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）。例如：He told me that he was born in Beijing in 1992.He said tha
12、t he would go back to the U.S.soon.过去过去2.2.当主句是一般过去时的时候，宾语从句必须运用相应的过去的当主句是一般过去时的时候，宾语从句必须运用相应的过去的某一种时态，某一种时态，从而达到主句和从句的相互一致。（呼应性原则）从而达到主句和从句的相互一致。（呼应性原则）1)He will go to Hong Kong.2)He is sick.3)He is reading a book.4)He has finished his work.1)He to Hong Kong.2)He sick.3)He a book.4)HeHe said辨一辨辨一辨w
13、ould go waswas reading his work.had finished He said 3.3.当宾语从句说明的是客观存在的事实或者是客观存当宾语从句说明的是客观存在的事实或者是客观存在的真理时，就不用受到主句时态的限制，仍是用一般在的真理时，就不用受到主句时态的限制，仍是用一般现在时态。（特殊性原则）现在时态。（特殊性原则）He told me(that)Summer is after Spring.I was told (that)the sun is much bigger than the moon.My parents told me(that)no news is
14、 good news.比一比比一比三、宾语从句与简单句的转换（一）当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且主句的谓语动词是hope,wish,decide,agree,choose 等时，从句可简化为不定式结构。eg:(1)I hope that I can receive your e-mail.I hope to receive your e-mail.(2)He has decided that he should improve his study skills.He has decided to improve his study skills.(二）当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且
15、主句的谓语动词是know,remember,forget,learn 等时，从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。eg:(3)She doesnt know what she should do next.She doesnt know_.what to do next(三）当主句的谓语动词是ask,tell,show,teach 等时，从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。eg:(4)Will you please show me how I can work it out?Will you please show me _.how to work it outhow to work it ou
16、t(四）当直接引语为祈使句，变为间接引语时，用ask/tell/order Sb.(not)to do sth 结构。eg:(5)A:Please be quiet.B:What did Bill say?A:He asked us to be quiet.(6)Dont trouble me he said to me.He told me not to trouble him.四、否定转移 在含有宾语从句的主从复合句中，当主句的主语为第一人称，在含有宾语从句的主从复合句中，当主句的主语为第一人称，谓语动词是谓语动词是think，believe,guess,suppose等时，要将从句的否定
17、等时，要将从句的否定词转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，宾语从句的谓语词转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，宾语从句的谓语动动用肯定式。eg:(5)I dont think he will come with you.注意：这种句子在其后接附加问句时，要特别小心。eg:(6)I dont believe he has finished the work,_?(7)He knew why Jim wasnt at school,_?解析：例6，当主句的主语为第一人称时，附加问句的主语由宾语从句的主语充当。例7，如果主句的主语非第一人称时，则附加问句的主语由主句的主语充当。has heh
18、as hedidnt hedidnt hen宾语从句三要素宾语从句三要素n引导引导词词nthatthat（陈述句（陈述句 ）nififwhetherwhether（一般疑问句（一般疑问句）n 特殊疑问词特殊疑问词（特殊疑问（特殊疑问句句)n时时态态n主句为一般现在时主句为一般现在时从句可为任何时态从句可为任何时态n主句为一般过去时主句为一般过去时从句从句n一般过去时一般过去时n过去将来时过去将来时n过去进行时过去进行时n过去完成时过去完成时n语语序序n宾语从句的语序都为陈述句语序宾语从句的语序都为陈述句语序客观真理客观真理 自然现象自然现象公式定理公式定理 名言警句名言警句 时态不变时态不变本课小结本课小结Thanks For LISTENING
