1、B5U1 The mass mediaGrammar and UsageGrammar and UsageLearning objectivesBy the end of this section,you will be able to:1.understand the usage of the past perfect tense;2.identify the verb form of the past perfect tense;3.use the right forms of the past perfect tense to correct the mistakes and compl
2、ete an article;4.apply the past perfect tense in new situations.Part 1 Past perfect Look at the sentences and answer the questions.In sentence(a),which action happened first,“suspected”or“evolved from a common ancestor”?In sentence(a),“evolved from a common ancestor”happened first.aDarwin suspected
3、that the finches had evolved from a common ancestor,.bMany people refused to believe that living things,including humans,had evolved from lower forms of life.Exploring the rulesIn sentence(b),which action happened first,“refused to believe”or“evolved from lower forms of life”?In sentence(b),“evolved
4、 from lower forms of life”happened first.aDarwin suspected that the finches had evolved from a common ancestor,.bMany people refused to believe that living things,including humans,had evolved from lower forms of life.Past perfect Look at the sentences and answer the questions.Exploring the rulesIt i
5、ndicates the action happened before a certain past action.aDarwin suspected that the finches had evolved from a common ancestor,.bMany people refused to believe that living things,including humans,had evolved from lower forms of life.Past perfect Look at the sentences and answer the questions.Explor
6、ing the rulesComplete the paragraphs with the information from the given sentences.The sentences are in the order in which they happened.1a Natural disasters led to food shortages in the 1960s.b Yuan Longping began to do research on hybrid rice.c Yuan Longping developed a better type of rice.Yuan Lo
7、ngping 1 to do research on hybrid rice because natural disasters 2 food shortages in the 1960s.In the end,he 3 a better type of rice.began had led to developedExploring the rules过去完成时：had+过去分词done2a Gregor Mendel chose to study pea plants because their characteristics were easy to control.b Gregor M
8、endel made important discoveries about genetics.c Gregor Mendel died in 1884.Gregor Mendel 4 study pea plants because their characteristics were easy to control.By the time of his death in 1884,he 5 important discoveries about genetics.chose to had madeComplete the paragraphs with the information fr
9、om the given sentences.The sentences are in the order in which they happened.Exploring the rules过去完成时：had+过去分词doneExploring the rulesRead the short life story of Joseph Pulitzer and find the sentences that use the past perfect tense.The first one has been done for you.by then he had learnt very litt
10、le English.by the age of 25,he had become a publisher.He used the same business strategy he had employed at the St Louis Post-DispatchExploring the rulesWorking out the rules We often use the past perfect tense to talk about something that happened(1)_(before/after)a past time.The verb form of the p
11、ast perfect tense is“(2)_(have/had)done”.before had过去完成时的基本用法1.表示在过去的某一时间或某一动作之前完成的动作或存在的状态。Before we got to the train station,the train had already left.我们到达火车站之前，火车就已经离开了。Before I could say“thank you”,he had run away.我还没来得及说“谢谢”，他就跑开了。2.表示从过去某一时间开始，一直延续到过去的另一个时间的动作，常用的时间状语有by then,by the end of,by
12、 the time。By the end of last term,we had learnt 2,000 English words.到上学期期末为止，我们已经学习了2,000个英语单词了。We had learnt English for 8 years by the last year.到去年为止，我们已经学了8年英语了。3.表示愿望、打算等的动词，如hope,want,expect,think,mean,suppose,intend,plan等后接从句时，一般用过去完成时表示本打算实现而未实现的愿望和计划。I had intended to meet him at the airpor
13、t,but I had an important meeting to attend.我本打算去机场接他，但是我有个重要的会议要参加。I had hoped to take a holiday this year but I was not able to get away.我原打算今年去度假，可是我走不开。(1)It/That was+the first/second+time+that从句，从句谓语常用过去完成时。It was the first time that I had visited the Great Wall.这是我第一次参观长城。(2)It was+一段时间+since从句
14、，从句谓语用过去完成时。It was three years since he had joined the army.他参军三年了。过去完成时用于一些固定句型(3)在句型Hardly/Scarcelywhen和 No soonerthan中，主句常用过去完成时,从句用一般过去时，表示“一就”。Hardly had he got into his big office when the telephone rang.他刚进入他的大办公室,电话铃就响了。No sooner had he arrived than he was asked to leave again.他刚到就再次被要求离开。当当
15、no sooner/hardly否定副词置于句首，主句否定副词置于句首，主句部分倒装部分倒装，从句语序正常。，从句语序正常。1.(2020浙江)By about 6000 BC,people 61._ _(discover)the best crops to grow and animals to raise.haddiscovered2.(2019天津)I _ to send Peter a gift to congratulate him on his marriage，but I couldnt manage it.A.had hoped B.am hoping C.have hoped
16、 D.would hope A3.我当时正在给一群人作一场报告，那个报告我之前已为其他六组人讲过了。I was giving a talk to a group of people,the same talk I _(give)to half a dozen other groups.4.20世纪50年代，美国大多数家庭只有一部电话，而且无线电话还没有被发明出来。In the 1950s in the USA,most families had just one phone at home,and wireless phones _(invent)yet.5.教授高兴地发现学生们已独立完成了该
17、项目三分之二的工作。The professor was delighted to find that two thirds of the project _(complete)by the students independently.had givenhad not been inventedhad been completedFind the mistakes and correct them in the blanks below.1 Pulitzer knew that he had learned very little English,so he had started to wo
18、rk hard at the language._2 Pulitzer was very hard-working.Quite often,when he arrived home at midnight,he was working for over 10 hours._P7B1去掉第二个hadwas working had worked3 For the time he was 25,Pulitzer had become a journalist and publisher._4 Many of the best reporters have worked for his paper b
19、efore its failure in 1931._ P7had become becamehave hadBelow is a passage about the Pulitzer Prizes.Complete it with the correct forms of the verbs in the box below.P7B2win build intend award allow The Pulitzer Prizes are a set of awards honoring excellence in journalism and the arts.The prizes were
20、 established largely due to the efforts of Joseph Pulitzer,who(1)_ his reputation as a newspaper publisher.He left money in his 1904 will to fund the establishment of the prizes,stating that he wanted four awards in journalism,four in letters and drama,had builtone for education,and five traveling s
21、cholarships.Since the first prizes(2)_ in 1917,there have been many winners and some people have won more than once.Past winners include such famous names as Eugene ONeill.When ONeill received the Pulitzer Prize in Drama in 1957,it was the fourth time he(3)_ it.There have been a number of changes to
22、 the Pulitzer Prizes over time.Some of these resulted from advances in technology.For example,online contentP7had won were awardedfrom newspaper websites(4)_ in all of the journalism categories since 2006.The Pulitzer Prizes have also expanded to include such categories as photography and music.Neve
23、rtheless,journalism is still what the Pulitzer Prizes are best known for.Today,winning the Pulitzer Prizes is considered by many to be the highest achievement possible in journalismjust as Pulitzer(5)_.P7had intendedhas been allowedZou Taofen was a famous Chinese journalist and publisher.Read the ti
24、meline below and describe his life story using the past perfect tense.Use the example below to help you.P7B3ExpressionBy the time he was 31,Zou Taofen had become the chief editor of Life Weekly.Zou Taofen was born in Fujian in 1895.After he had graduated from university in 1921,he became an editor.Before he started a new journal Life of the Masses in 1935,he had started campaigning against the Japanese invasion in 1931.He died in Shanghai in 1944.Review what is learned today.Finish Part C on Page 58 in the workbook.
