1、语法清单目 录1.形容词、副词的概念、种类及句法功能2.常见形容词的后缀3.常见形容词与副词的转换4.形容词、副词比较等级的变化规则5.形容词、副词比较等级的用法6.分词形容词7.具有两种形式的同根副词8.既可作形容词又可作副词的词综合提升练1.形容词、副词的概念、种类及句法功能2.常见形容词的后缀（详见专题二构词法）3.常见形容词与副词的转换大部分副词可由相应的形容词加上后缀-ly构成，但注意有变化。情况变化规则示例一般情况直接加-lycertaincertainly definitedefinitely eventualeventually以-y结尾变y为i,再加-ly angryangr
2、ily clumsyclumsily necessarynecessarily以-le结尾去e,再加-ygentlegently incredibleincredibly terribleterribly以-ue结尾去e,再加-lytruetruly以-ic结尾加-allybasicbasically scientificscientifically dramaticdramatically以-ll结尾只加-yfullfully其他特殊情况wholewholly4.形容词、副词比较等级的变化规则（1）规则变化情况变化规则原级比较级最高级单音节词加-er/-estsmallsmallersmal
3、lest以字母e结尾的词加-r/-stlargelargerlargest以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词双写这个辅音字母,再加-er/-esthothotterhottest以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词变y为i再加-er/-esteasyeasiereasiest多音节词和部分双音节词词前加more/mostinterestingmore interestingmost interesting(2)不规则变化原级比较级最高级good/well betterbestbad、ill、badlyworseworstmany、muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther(
4、只指距离)更远的farthest(只指距离)最远的further(指距离或程度)更远的,更进一步的furthest(指距离或程度)最远的,最深入的4.形容词、副词比较等级的变化规则原级比较级最高级oldolder(指血缘、年龄、新旧)较年长的,较老的,较旧的oldest(指血缘、年龄、新旧)最年长的,最老的,最旧的elder(指血缘)较年长的eldest(指血缘)最年长的latelater(时间上)较迟的latest(时间上)最迟的latter(顺序上)后者的last(顺序上)最后的4.形容词、副词比较等级的变化规则(2)不规则变化(3)没有比较级和最高级的词情况示例本身有比较含义major主
5、要的 minor次要的 junior年轻的senior年长的 superior较好的 prior较早的表示终极意义final最后的 impossible不可能的 full满的 empty空的 excellent(ly)/极好的(地)perfect(ly)完美的(地)very非常,极 maximum最大限度的 minimum最低限度的 absolute(ly)/complete(ly)/entire(ly)/thorough(ly)/total(ly)/whole完全/全部表示独一无二only唯一的 single单一的 unique独一无二的4.形容词、副词比较等级的变化规则5.形容词、副词比较
6、等级的用法(1)原级基本用法结构示例as+形容词/副词原级+as.(和一样)He was as white as a sheet.他面无血色。Though I worked as hard as before,I felt no tiredness.尽管我像以前一样努力工作,但我不觉得疲惫。not as/so+形容词/副词原级+as.(不如那样)He was not so foolish as I thought.他并不像我想的那样笨。I didnt do my homework so/as carefully as you.我做作业不如你仔细。as+形容词原级+名词(短语)+as.She h
7、as as charming a face as her grandmother.她长得和她祖母一样迷人。as long as只要as far as就而言 as soon as一就as well as和 as good as与几乎一样;简直5.形容词、副词比较等级的用法(1)原级as.as.结构的短语(2)比较级基本用法结构意义示例比较级+than比更The plan turned out better than we had expected.这个计划的结果比我们预料的要好。not+比较级+than不比更The studies show that EQ is as important,if
8、it is not more important than IQ.研究表明,即使情商不比智商更重要,至少也同等重要。比较级+and+比较级越来越(事物本身渐增)The weather is getting warmer and warmer.天气变得越来越暖和。the+比较级.,the+比较级.越,越(双方平行增长)The more we know each other,the better we understand each other.我们互相了解得越多,就越能互相理解。the+比较级+of the two+名词两者中比较的Bob is the taller of the two boy
9、s.鲍勃是两个男孩中较高的一个。5.形容词、副词比较等级的用法比较级的修饰语意义修饰语示例得多much、far、a lot等Shes much better today.她今天好多了。There are far more opportunities for young people than there used to be.现在年轻人的机会比过去多得多。更even、rather、still等We face an even greater challenge today.我们今天面临着更大的挑战。The task is rather more difficult than I expected
10、.这项工作比我想象的更难。There was still more bad news to come.随后还传来了更多坏消息。一点儿a bit、a little等You are driving too quick.Can you drive a bit more slowly?你开得太快了。能稍慢点吗?5.形容词、副词比较等级的用法(2)比较级温馨提示more只能用于构成比较级,不可用于修饰比较级。比较级形式表达最高级意义结构示例比较级+than+中国比其他任何亚洲国家都大。China is larger than any other country in Asia.=China is lar
11、ger than any of the other countries in Asia.=China is larger than all the other countries in Asia.=China is larger than the rest of the countries in Asia.表示否定意义的词(no、not、never、few、nothing等)+比较级+thanThere is nothing better than being praised by my teacher before my classmates.没有什么比在同学面前被老师表扬更好的了。any
12、otherany ofthe otherallthe otherthe rest of/anyone/anything else单数名词复数名词复数名词复数名词 不可数名词5.形容词、副词比较等级的用法(2)比较级(3)最高级基本用法结构示例the+形容词最高级(+单数名词)+比较范围Soccer is the most popular sport in the world.足球是世界上最受欢迎的运动。(the+)副词最高级+比较范围He could jump(the)farthest of all.在所有人中,他跳得最远。one of the+形容词最高级(+复数名词)+比较范围Yuan L
13、ongping is one of the most influential scientists in agriculture.袁隆平是农业领域最有影响力的科学家之一。温馨提示形容词最高级前必须加定冠词the,副词最高级前的the可省略。5.形容词、副词比较等级的用法最高级的修饰语修饰语示例序数词The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.黄河是中国第二长河。muchCarls English was much the worst.卡尔的英语糟糕透了。by farWatching sports was by far the mo
14、st popular activity on Saturday.看体育比赛是周六最受欢迎的活动。5.形容词、副词比较等级的用法(3)最高级(4)倍数表示法句型示例倍数+as+原级+as.This table is three times as big as that one.倍数+比较级+than.This table is three times bigger than that one.倍数+the+名词+of.This table is three times the size of that one.倍数+that/those of.The output of this year is
15、 three times that of 2021.倍数+what从句The output of this year is three times what it was in 2021.5.形容词、副词比较等级的用法6.分词形容词-ing形容词多表示主语或被修饰词所具有的特征,意为“令人的”,常用于修饰物;-ed形容词多表示主语或被修饰词所处的状态,意为“感到的”,常用于修饰人。-ing形容词-ed形容词-ing形容词-ed形容词amazing令人惊奇的amazed惊奇的pleasing令人高兴的pleased高兴的boring乏味的;令人厌烦的bored厌烦的relaxing令人放松的re
16、laxed放松的disappointing令人失望的disappointed失望的satisfying令人满意的satisfied满意的exciting令人兴奋的excited兴奋的surprising使人惊讶的surprised惊讶的exhausting令人筋疲力尽的 exhausted筋疲力尽的tiring使人疲劳的tired疲劳的frightening令人害怕的frightened受惊的worrying令人担忧的worried担心的;担忧的interesting有趣的interested感兴趣的 7.具有两种形式的同根副词不以-ly结尾的副词以-ly结尾的副词 不以-ly结尾的副词以-l
17、y结尾的副词clear远离,不接触clearly清晰地,明显地high(空间上)高highly(程度上)高度地close不远地,接近closely密切地,接近late迟,晚lately最近deep(空间上)深deeply(情感上)深刻地,强烈地near近nearly几乎,差不多easy小心,慢点easily容易地,不费力地right恰好;径直;立即 rightly公正合理地;正确地free不固定地;免费 freely不受限制地;无拘无束地wide充分地widely广泛地,范围广地hard努力地hardly几乎不 8.既可作形容词又可作副词的词closeadj.亲密的;接近的adv.接近地 lo
18、ngadj.长的adv.长时间地deepadj.深的adv.深深地;在深处nearadj.附近的adv.在附近earlyadj.早的adv.早地prettyadj.美丽的adv.十分;非常enoughadj.足够的adv.足够地straightadj.直的adv.径直fastadj.快的adv.迅速地veryadj.正是的adv.非常,很hardadj.硬的adv.努力地welladj.健康的adv.很好地lateadj.晚的adv.晚 1.People sit uncomfortably on plastic chairs,looking through old magazines,all
19、of which have been read hundreds of times (previous).(外研XB1U1)2.Splendid as the view of the Earth is,spacewalking is not as (excite)as you might think.(译林 XB3U2)3.While it was hard to pick a favourite painting out of so many amazing works,the artists who made the (deep)impression on me were two of t
20、he greatest Impressionist painters,Claude Monet and Pierre-Auguste Renoir.(译林XB1U3)4.We also need to be critical about the information we receive and remember not to (blind)trust what we have read.(译林XB2U1)previouslyexcitingdeepestblindly5.Eight years later,Lin Qiaozhi graduated from Peking Union Me
21、dical College(PUMC)with the Wenhai Scholarship,the (high)prize given to graduates.(人教B3U2改)6.Einstein was not only a genius;he was a (courage)and kind figure loved by many people.(人教XB1U1)7.Albert Einstein,who is perhaps the greatest scientist in modern physics,is often consi-dered one of the (smart
22、)men who ever lived.(人教XB1U1)8.Starting with an orchestra playing traditional Chinese instruments,the opera brought a (complete)new sound to my Western ears.(外研B2U4)highestcourageoussmartestcompletely9.To meet the needs of today while protecting the world of tomorrow may be a challenge,but even the
23、(simple)organisms can help teach us how to achieve this.(外研 XB3U5)10.Dr.Sun Qiang,director of the research team,said they had been (whole)devoted to the research and had been taking care of more than 1,000 monkeys 24 hours a day,7 days a week for more than 5 years.(北师大 XB3U9)11.Lying under waters ac
24、ross the globe are an estimated three million shipwrecks.All of them represent attempts over the centuries to explore Earths (far)corners.(外研XB4U5)simplestwhollyfarthest/furthest12.Our power to investigate and thus understand space changed (dramatic)when the first telescope was angled at the night s
25、ky.(外研XB4U6改)13.Bogues was only 1.6 metres tall,which made him the (short)player ever in the NBA.(北师大B1U2)14.We can achieve almost anything onlinewith access to the Internet come some (true)life-changing advantages.(译林B3U3)15.For her,bettering her own record is (meaningful)than winning gold medals.(
26、2024届重庆期中)dramaticallyshortesttrulymore meaningful16.Although some medical professionals are (doubt)about the far-reaching effects of TCM,the practice has been accepted as a fundamental aspect of global health-care.(2024届山东省实验中学二诊)17.To make Bing Dwen Dwen look (adore),the design team used the image
27、 of a baby panda.(2024届广东汕头潮阳实验学校期中)18.Martin Strel swims with a knife fastened to his right legin case he meets sharks and other (dead)sea life in the worlds wildest waters.(2024届福建福州华侨中学期中)19.In addition to their (architecture)achievements,the Lei family showed diligence and humility.(2024届辽宁大连金州高
28、级中学期中)doubtfuladorabledeadlyarchitectural20.(basic),a tip may be provided,such as indicating whether the answer is a person,a place,or a thing.(2024届陕西西安铁一中滨河高级中学期中)21.Meanwhile,the sellers feel greatly (honor)to support themselves with their own efforts.(2024届江西宜春宜丰期中)22.Chinese idiom is one of the
29、 priceless legacies deeply rooted in traditional culture,mak-ing Chinese language more (power),more functional and thus,more fascinat-ing.(2024届吉林长春外国语学校期中)Basicallyhonoredpowerful23.If a Chinese character has two or more forms,the one with (many)strokes(笔画)is called a complex character while the on
30、e with fewer strokes is called a simplified character.(2024届福建四校联考)24.Qian Xuesen was extremely (knowledge),especially in the area of frontier science research.(2023江苏海安、金中、二十九中联考)25.According to a review of evidence in a medical journal,runners live three years (long)than non-runners.26.The most (i
31、mpress)costume is a dress decorated with auspicious(吉祥的)symbols for happiness and having many children.27.While running regularly cant make you live forever,it is (effective)at lengthening life than walking,cycling or swimming.moreknowledgeablelongerimpressivemore effective28.Bioprinting(生物打印)may be
32、 a relatively new field but the results so far are (encourage).29.As a result,people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing.Even (bad),the amount of fast food that people eat goes up.30.People and countries have traded for thousands of years,but in todays (globe)economy,information,goods and money can move around the world at an unbe-lievable speed.encouragingworseglobal
