1、北京市朝阳区高三年级第二学期质量检测二英语2024. 5（考试时间90分钟 满分100分）本试卷共10页。考生务必在答题卡指定区域作答，在试卷上作答无效。第一部分 知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。A nurse named Aly Hogarth has reunited with a mother and daughter at the same hospital ship 30 years after saving their lives. In 1
2、993, Ms Hogarth was touring a hospital ship in Sierra Leone when she knew that a patient Catherine Conteh needed a Caesarean section（剖腹产手术）, but she couldnt 1 it. Ms Hogarth contacted her colleagues and they paid for the 170 surgery, so that Catherines daughter, Regina, could be 2 . Later, Ms Hogart
3、h volunteered to take care of her in the hospital. 3 her wound and teaching her how to feed the baby. In this way Ms Hogarth formed a 4 with the mother and the baby, but they lost 5 when she returned home to New Zealand. Ms Hogarth, now 52, volunteered for charity Mercy Ships. Surprisingly, she 6 Ca
4、therine and Regina at the same hospital ship. They both became nurses, inspired by Ms Hogarth, and Regina now has a child of her own. Ms Hogarth said, To see Catherine in person again, its very unreal really. Its not something I 7 expected until we made contact again. For me, I felt 8 at the moment
5、when we met and didnt know how to react. We just cried and cried, Catherine said. Regina and I would have died without Ms Hogarths pure love.Its really 9 to see Catherine again, Ms Hogarth shared. T thought about her every time I told that story for the last 30 years. I know it was a significant tim
6、erealizing that you can make a real 10 by doing something.1. A. cancel B. bear C. affordD. accept2. A. examined B. delivered C. adopted D. attended3 A. receiving B. removing C. dressing D. discovering4. A. habit B. tradition C. planD. bond5. A. touch B. control C. hope D. direction6. A. called on B.
7、 came across C. looked after D. kept off7. A. ever B. still C. evenD. just8. A. inspired B. disappointed C. concerned D. excited9. A. impossible B. amazing C. challenging D. simple10. A. effort B. commitment C. decision D. difference第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的
8、空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。AAn elderly couple has become stars in the marathon community. 11 （win）at least 200 medals from sports meetings in the past ten years, they are regarded as role models by many people. Initially, the couple started running just 12 （improve）their health. Later, they decid
9、ed to challenge themselves and signed up for a marathon. Though neither of them had run a full marathon before, they managed to complete it. They believe no matter 13 age it is, the marathon spirit of fighting to the end is essential. BThe horse-face skirt, or mamianqun in Chinese, is a traditional
10、Chinese skirt that dates back to the Song Dynasty. Traditionally it has two panels 14 (attach) to a single waistband, which overlap in front of the body to form a skirt door, like the horse-face defenses on ancient city walls. It primarily 15 (represent) a Chinese philosophical concept that harmoniz
11、es strength and gentleness. The skirt has gone beyond time and space to become a fashion item today. It 16 (prefer) by fans of traditional clothing, who have continued to develop it. CIt can be hard not to let negativity go into your day, especially during 17 (stress) periods of life. A bit of optim
12、ism makes you become better and emotionally 18 (healthy) in the long term. An optimistic person is always looking for the best in any situation and expecting that good things 19 （happen）. But being optimistic doesnt mean you go into denial and pretend everything is fine when its not. It is a particu
13、lar state of mind 20 you hope for the best but prepare for the worst. 第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，38分）第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ADo you want to boost your ATAR, a rank which indicates the overall achievements of all Year 12 students in Australia, and get a preview of univer
14、sity life? When you join the Deakin Accelerate Program, youll get a head start by completing two first-year university units while youre still a high school student.How Deakin Accelerate Program worksYoull study two first-year university units through the program. If you choose to study and experien
15、ce university life on campus, youll attend classes and conferences during the day. Or if studying online is more accessible for you, complete the program online in your free time at school or after hours when it suits you. No matter how you choose to study, youll benefit from our online learning pla
16、tform, which allows you to access classes, workshops, resources and more. Whether you re using your desktop, tablet or mobile, youll have access to course content all year round and get answers in real time. After successfully completing your Accelerate units, youll gain credits which you can put to
17、wards a related Deakin university course. Plus, there is no charge for that. Apply to the Deakin Accelerate Program if youre:a high achiever with above-average Year 11 results; looking for an extra challenge in high school; a self-starter who can work independently; keen to make a head start on your
18、 university degree. To be qualified for the program, you must: be completing Year 12 in 2024; meet the high school subject requirement; attain a minimum average grade of 65% across your subjects. For more information about the Deakin Accelerate Program, you can read our FAQs or get in touch using ou
19、r online inquiry form. Submit an inquiry21. What benefit do participants gain from the Deakin Accelerate Program?A. Receiving a preview of their ATAR. B. Experiencing different learning styles. C. Completing two years university units. D. Earning credits towards university courses. 22. What is avail
20、able for participants on the online learning platform?A. Real-time response. B. Guidance on using devices. C. High school course content. D. An online learning schedule. 23. Which is a requirement for the applicants?A. Submitting an inquiry form. B. Graduating from university in 2024. C. Having star
21、ted to study for a university degree. D. Achieving an average score of at least 65% in all subjects. BWhen I was nine, my best friend nearly choked to death on a gobstopper, a type of hard candy. After several attempts, she coughed up the candy. I havent had a gobstopper since and I have carried wit
22、h me a fear of seeing that scene again. Sadly, as I discovered this week, lightning can strike twice. I was getting off a tube train in London when I noticed a woman coughing. I slowed down, watching her carefully. I had learned that coughing is rarely a sign that something is terribly wrong. Sudden
23、ly, the woman stopped coughing, her eyes widened and she bent over. When I went over to ask if she was OK, she looked up at me, panicked, and pointed to her back. I started hitting her back and screaming for help. Despite having watched a few videos, I was terrified that I wouldnt be able to correct
24、ly perform the Heimlich, a first-aid method, and that I would have to walk away with guilt for her death. But it was just the two of us, alone at an underground station; if I didnt try to help, no one would. Thankfully, much like with my friend, after a few sharp hits, whatever had been stuck in her
25、 throat came loose. She thanked me, almost embarrassed, and walked up to the lift. I followed behind her, shaking, with tears in my eyes. By the time we reached the lift, we had both calmed down. She took my hands and thanked me again, before disappearing. She might have been fine without my hurried
26、 hits on her backI may not have actually saved her lifebut at least she knew that someone, a stranger whom she would never see again, cared. This experience also taught me about the bystander effect, where people assume others assumed to be available during an emergency, direct help from others is f
27、ar less likely to will help, leading to inaction. I get it: the fear of making things worse, especially if you have no medical training, is real. Research suggests that when a medically competent person is assumed to be available during an emergency, direct help from others is far less likely to occ
28、ur. Sometimes, though, regardless of who else could be nearby, it may be useful to get involved. So it was with the coughing woman on the tube. 24. How did the friends choking incident affect the author?A. She lived with a sense of guilt. B. She realized the importance of first aid. C. She developed
29、 a fear of witnessing similar events. D. She deepened her understanding of the bystander effect. 25. What did the author do to help the woman on the tube?A. She relieved the womans coughing. B. She walked the woman up to the lift. C. She found a medically competentperson for her. D. She performed fi
30、rst aid by hitting the womans back. 26. Which situation can be described as the bystander effect? A. You volunteered to help an old man carrying a heavy bag. B. You asked your brother who is a doctor to save a dying woman. C. You avoided involvement when seeing an injured lady on the road. D. You wa
31、lked away after the rescue men asked you to leave the scene. 27. What can we learn from this passage? A. A good tun deserves another. B. Every cloud has a silver lining. C. A friend in need is a friend indeed. D. Action speaks louder than inaction. CScience begins with mystery. Arguably, the two gre
32、atest mysteries are the universe and awareness-the vast world out there and the powerful world within. Scientists attracted by one can be called to study the other, led by the thought that these mysteries are connected. Science writer George Mussers book Putting Ourselves Back in the Equation（方程）rev
33、iews their progress: Can physics unlock the mystery of awareness? Does awareness form the basis of fundamental physics?The result is an ambitious but ultimately disappointing tour, filled with breathless encounters with well-known scientists. Representative of the cast is MITs Max Tegmark, who tells
34、 Musser, If you look at the problems that were still difficult to answer in fundamental physics, pretty much all of them trace back to awareness.The book shows how physicists are contributing to understanding the mind, continuing a long history of physicists exploring other fields. Musser integrates
35、 physics with neuroscience, economies, mathematics and more. Yet a key source of local knowledge is obviously absentpsychology. An early example: Musser rightly applauds physicists contributions to artificial neural networks but is overly trustful of their implications, declaring that ChatGPT is alr
36、eady starting to demonstrate a generalized intelligence like that of humans. Interviewing more psychologists could have exposed the considerable gap remaining. What about awareness itself? Why are some states associated with felt experience, such as the pain of a headache and the sight of a sunset,
37、but others not? Mussers focus is integrated information theory（IIT）. IIT begins with five self-evident principles of awareness：awareness exists, and it is structured, specific, unified, and definite. It then concludes assumptions concerning the causal structure of awareness systems, identifying awar
38、eness with integrated information. Finally, IIT offers a mathematical measure of this quantity: an equation for awareness. However, despite its enthusiasts, IIT has significant problems. Its working basis is unfounded, and serious doubts surround its testability and definability. Of course, a theory
39、 of awareness must detail when, why, and to what degree we are aware of ourselves. Here, psychologys absence is most obvious. Over the last century, psychological research has revealed countless phenomena of awareness, from models that alter awareness to methods that stimulate unawareness; from extr
40、aordinary disorders of awareness to careful studies of metacognition（元认知）.Although questionable, such phenomena are the data that any scientific theory of awareness must account for. Yet these phenomena and ideas are almost nowhere in the book. Of course, psychology has not solved awareness, but one
41、 cannot hope to explain awareness without confronting these data. Awareness is genuinely mysterious. So is fundamental physics. But hoping that physics can solve awareness while excluding other approaches is only a recipe for more mystery, not less. 28. What can we learn from Mussers book?A. IIT is
42、acknowledged for its testability and definability. B. Musser underestimates the impact of artificial intelligence. C. Using psychology is a trend for physicists exploring other fields. D. Musser highlights physicists efforts to uncover the secret of awareness. 29. What can be inferred from the passa
43、ge? A. The link between physics and awareness has been established. B. There is no doubt about the principles of an equation for awareness. C. A multidisciplinary approach is essential to understanding awareness. D. Study of awareness needs to ignore related psychological phenomena. 30. Regarding Mu
44、ssers view in his book, the author is .A. neutral B. disapproving C. supportive D. uncertain DIt is perhaps easy to accept the statement that the universe is expanding. It is just some strange physics indicating that, as time goes on, galaxies. （星系）get further away from each other just like two cars
45、 racing away from each other. I personally dont like it and prefer the balloon analogy. In this situation, there are dots all over a balloon. When we blow it up in real life, the dots would increase in size. In this analogy, lets assume they dont. What we are interested in is how the distance betwee
46、n the dots on the surface of the balloon grows as we put more air into it. The balloon analogy relies somewhat on our geometric sensibilities which refer to our sense of shapes and how they change over time. At its core, what we are trying to develop a sense for is how we measure distances. This con
47、cept is also the fundamental goal of general relativity, Einsteins theory of gravity. In general relativity, the most important piece of information is what we call the metric, an equation that describes how distances are measured, and therefore also tells us about the shape space-time is taking. Th
48、e whole idea that space-time is expanding was first noticed as a mathematical consequence of general relativity by Georges Lemaitre in 1927, when he solved Einsteins equation and found a solution for the metric showing that distances grow with time. His work provided a theoretical explanation：the standard for measuring cosmic（宇宙的）distance was itself changing with time. What is delightful is that it means we can quite reasonably say that universes expansion is a gravitational
