1、Unit 1 Cultural HeritageDiscovering Useful Structures Review the functions of relative pronouns and adverbs;回顾关系代词、关系副词的用法。Learn the difference between restrictive relative clause and non-restrictive relative clause;学会区分限制性定从和非限制性定从。Learn to put the relative clauses into use.学会运用定语从句。Learning Object
2、ives定语从句的引导词关系关系代词代词关系关系副词副词指人指人指物指物who(主语、宾语主语、宾语)，whom(宾语宾语)，that(主语、宾语主语、宾语),whose(定语定语)that(主语、宾语主语、宾语),which(主语、宾语主语、宾语)whose(定语定语)where(地点状语地点状语)when(时间状语时间状语)why(原因状语原因状语)InductionDiscuss briefly with a partner the major functions of them.Then make a short summary in a table or mind map.指地点指地
3、点指时间指时间指原因指原因Leading-inEXAMPLE A:What is an exit?B:An exit is the door where/through which you can leave a building Lets play a game of definitions.One asks the questions below and the other answers them with relative clauses.Work out two more questions of your own1 What s a library?(from/in which:w
4、here)2 What s a good friend?(to whom;who)3 What s a vacation?(during which;when)4 What s a football coach?(from whom;who)关系代词关系代词that指物和人指物和人在从句中作主语或宾语在从句中作主语或宾语which指物指物在从句中作主语或宾语在从句中作主语或宾语who指人指人在从句中作主语或宾语在从句中作主语或宾语whom在从句中作宾语在从句中作宾语whose指人和物指人和物在从句中作定语在从句中作定语as指物指物在从句中作主语或宾语在从句中作主语或宾语引导定语从句的关系词关系
5、副词关系副词when指时间指时间在从句中作时间状语在从句中作时间状语where指地点指地点在从句中作地点状语在从句中作地点状语why指原因指原因在从句中作原因状语在从句中作原因状语DiscoveryFind more sentences containing relative clauses from the text on page 4.1.Not only had the countries found a path to the future that did not run over the relics of the past,but they.(Para.5)2.Perhaps t
6、he best example is shown by UNESCO,which runs a programme that prevents world cultural heritage sites around the world from disappearing.(Para.6)presentation3.There comes a time when the old must give way to the new.时间状语先行词在定语从句中作时间状语时，可使用关系副词先行词在定语从句中作时间状语时，可使用关系副词 _。先行词在定语从句中作时间状语时，可使用关系副词先行词在定语从句
7、中作时间状语时，可使用关系副词 _。whenwhen4.Temples and other cultural sites were taken down piece by piece,and then moved and put back together again in a place where they were safe from the water.地点状语wherewhere1.Temples and other cultural sites were taken down piece by piece,and then moved and put together again
8、in a place where they were safe from the water.2.After listening to the scientists who had studied the problem and citizens who lived near the dam,the government turned to the United Nations for help.3.The spirit of the Aswan Dam is still alive today.Perhaps the best example is shown by the UNESCO,w
9、hich runs a programme that prevents world cultural heritage sites around the world from disappearing.4.Water from the dam would likely damage a number of temples and destroy cultural relics that were an important part of Egypts cultural heritage.Observation1 Look at the sentences below and underline
10、 the relative pronouns and adverbs.1.先行词:被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。2.关系词:引导定语从句的词叫关系词。3.关系词通常有下列三个作用:(1)引导定语从句;(2)代替先行词;(3)在定语从句中担当一个成分。4.关系代词在从句中作主语、宾语、定语或表语;关系副词在从句中作状语。先行词先行词关系词关系词关系代词和关系副词的区别关系代词和关系副词的区别定语从句中关系代词和关系副词的判断方法定语从句中关系代词和关系副词的判断方法:用法用法依据依据根据从句的谓语动词根据从句的谓语动词根据关系词在从句中根据关系词在从句中作的成分作的成分若是及物动词若是及物动词,后
11、面若无宾语后面若无宾语,用关系用关系代词代词;若是不及物动词若是不及物动词,则用关系副词则用关系副词把关系词放进定语从句中把关系词放进定语从句中,若作主语或若作主语或宾语用关系代词宾语用关系代词;若作状语用关系副词若作状语用关系副词He(_)does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man.不到长城非好汉。This is the famous scientist(_)we visited last week.这就是我们上周拜访的那位著名科学家。关系代词 1.关系代词的用法之关系代词的用法之 whowhomwhowhom先行词是先行词是人人-在从句中
12、在从句中充当主充当主宾宾The foreigner who visited our school yesterday is from Canada.先行词是先行词是人人-在从句中在从句中充当宾充当宾The person to whom you just talked is Mr.Li.whowhowhomDiscoverythat which先行词是先行词是人人物物-在从句中在从句中充当主充当主宾宾A plane is a machine that can fly.Lets ask the man that is reading the book over there.先行词是先行词是物物-在
13、从句中在从句中充当主充当主宾宾They planted the trees which didnt need much water.关系代词He finally worked out the problem _ puzzled him for a long time.他最后解出了这个令他困惑很久的问题。The fish(_)we bought yesterday were not fresh.我们昨天买的鱼不新鲜。thatwhichthatwhich2.关系代词的用法之关系代词的用法之 thatwhich关系代词的省略关系代词的省略限制性定语从句which,who,whom,that 在定语从
14、句中做宾语时可以省略“介词+关系代词”中不能省略非限制性定语从句所有的关系代词不能省略只能用只能用that that 的情况的情况1.1.当先行词是当先行词是不定代词或被不定代词修饰时不定代词或被不定代词修饰时2.2.当先行词被当先行词被最高级修饰时最高级修饰时3.3.当先行词被当先行词被序数词修饰时序数词修饰时4.4.当先行词被当先行词被the very,the only,the lastthe very,the only,the last修饰时修饰时5.5.当先行词既当先行词既指人又指物时指人又指物时6.6.当先行词前面有当先行词前面有who,whichwho,which等疑问词时等疑问词
15、时7.7.当当关系代词关系代词在定语从句中充当在定语从句中充当表语表语时时只能用只能用whichwhich的情况的情况1.1.前面有前面有介词介词2.2.引导引导非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句只能用只能用whowho的情况的情况1.1.当先行词是当先行词是one,one,ones,anyone,thoseones,anyone,those等代词时等代词时2.2.在在there bethere be句型中句型中whoseas先行词是先行词是人人物物-在从句中在从句中定语定语This is the boy whose composition the teacher liked.This is t
16、he book whose cover is blue.修饰句子修饰句子-正如正如As is known,China is a very big country.关系代词3.关系代词的用法之关系代词的用法之 whoseasThey rushed over to help the man _ car broke down.他们跑过去帮助那个汽车抛锚的人。There is a mountain _ top is always covered with snow有一座山顶常年被雪覆盖的山_ everyone knows,China is a beautiful country with a long
17、 history.正如每个人都知道，中国是一个有着悠久历史的美丽国家。whosewhoseAs先行词先行词关系词关系词在从句中的成分表时间when=on/in/at which状语表地点where=in/at which状语表原因why=for which状语4.关系副词关系副词 when、where、why引导的定语从句引导的定语从句Please leave the book at the place where it was.July,when we can go home for a rest,is coming soon.This is the reason why he cried.
18、in whichin whichfor which 1.Where 引导定语从句时，先行词为表示引导定语从句时，先行词为表示地点地点的名词，关系词在从的名词，关系词在从句中作句中作地点地点状语状语，可用可用“in,at等介词等介词+which”来替换来替换。The school where my studies is near a park.=The school in which my studies is near a park.关系副词关系副词when,where,whywhen,where,why的用法的用法This is the place _(which/where)I spend
19、 my childhood.This is the place _(which/where)I visited last summer.第一空填第一空填where(从句中从句中spend是谓语，是谓语，my childhood是宾语是宾语where代指代指the place在从句中充当地点状语在从句中充当地点状语)第二空填第二空填which(which指代前面的指代前面的the place在从句中充当在从句中充当visit的宾语的宾语)2.When 引导定语从句时，先行词为表示引导定语从句时，先行词为表示时间时间的名词，关系词在从句的名词，关系词在从句中作中作时间状语时间状语，可用，可用“at
20、,in,on,during等介词等介词+which”来替换来替换。Ill never forget the day when I joined the team.=Ill never forget the day on which I joined the team.Ill will never forever the days _(which/when)we spend together.Ill will never forever the days _(which/when)we live together in the country.第第一一空填空填which(which指代前面的指代
21、前面的the days在从句中充当在从句中充当spend的宾语的宾语)第第二二空填空填when(从句中从句中we是主语，是主语，live是谓语，是谓语，in the country是宾语，是宾语，when指代指代the days在从句中充在从句中充当时间状语当时间状语)This is the reason _ he went.The reason _ he gave us was quite reasonable.when,where,why 与与 that,which 的区分的区分先行词在作状语时用when，where或why先行词在作主语或宾语时，要用which或thatThis is t
22、he place _we visited last year.This is the place _ he works.That was the time _ he arrived.Do you still remember the time _ we spent together?which/that where when that/which why/for which that/which 1.What is the youngest age a person can be employed?2.I will never forget the day he passed away.3.H
23、e is the man she went to Europe.4.I made a list of the members I had received replies.Preposition+Relative Pronounat whichon whichfrom whomwith whom当关系代词作介词宾语时，就出现了当关系代词作介词宾语时，就出现了“介词介词+关系代词关系代词”引导的定语从句。作介词宾语的关系代词通常用引导的定语从句。作介词宾语的关系代词通常用which或或whom,不能用不能用that。“介词介词+which”引导的定语从句修饰引导的定语从句修饰指物指物的先行词，的
24、先行词，“介词介词+whom”引导的定语从句修饰引导的定语从句修饰指人指人的先行词。的先行词。介词介词 +关系代词关系代词1.His father was born in 1939 _ _(=_)the Second World War broke out.2.The boy _ _ the teacher is talking is Tom.=The boy _ the teacher is talking _ is Tom.3.Thank you for your advice,_ _ I wouldnt have won the game.4.He has two sons,_.in w
25、hichwhen to/with whomwho/whom “介词+关系代词”定语从句补充练习：without whichwith/toboth of whom are doctors思考：介词如何选择？1、与先行词搭配而来；2、与从句谓语动词搭配而来；3、根据句意。(都是医生）1、介词选择的三原则：一先二动三意义。一先：根据先行词的搭配习惯来确定。二动：根据从句中谓语动词的搭配习惯来确定。三意义：根据从句所表达的意义来确定。1.The house _I grew up has been taken down and replaced by an office building.2.Chans
26、 restaurant on Baker Street,_ used to be poorly run,is now a successful business.3.I refuse to accept the blame for something _was someone elses fault.4.Women _ drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those _ dont.5.The settlement is home to nearly
27、 1,000 people,many of _left their village homes for a better life in the city.6.We shouldnt spend our money testing so many people,most of_are healthy.1.用正确的关系代词或关系副词补全句子wherewhichthatwhowhomwhomwhoExercises1.（2020江苏卷）Many lessons are now available online,from _ students can choose for free.2.（2019江
28、苏卷）We have entered into an age _ dreams have the best chance of coming true.3.（2019江苏卷）Their child is at the stage_ she can say individual words but not full sentences.whichwhen链接高考where7.Their child is at the stage _ she can say individual words but not full sentences.(2019年天津高考改年天津高考改)8.As the sma
29、llest child of his family,Alex is always longing for the time _ he should be able to be independent.9.Students should involve themselves in community activities _ they can gain experience for growth.10.The reason _ he resigned is known to us.wherewhenwherewhy(1)Were well trained by their masters _ h
30、ad great experience with caring for these animals?(2)On the edge of the jacket,there is a piece of cloth _ gives off light in the dark.whothat/whichPractice(3)The students benefitting most from college are those _ are totally engaged(参与)in academic life.who/that(5)We have entered into an age _ dream
31、s have the best chance of coming true.(6)Their child is at the stage _ she can say individual words but not full sentences.(7)Do you know the man _ spoke at the meeting just now?(8)The train _ has just left is for Shenzhen.whenwherewhowhich/that(4)I grew up in a small village _everybody knew me.whereGoodbye
