1、Lesson01 APumaatlarge 逃遁的美洲狮New words and expression 生词和短语学习词汇时仅知道汉语语义是不够的，要把单词放在语句中体会其应用学习关键句结构是则要把它放在段落结构或文章里puma n.美洲狮spot v.看出, 发现= see, pickout, recognize, catch sightof 强调结果, 辨别出, 看见, 识别, 发现- Atallmaniseasytospotinthecrowd.- Hehasgoodeyeforspottingmistakes.同意词：- find：强调发现的结果 / findout：查出事实真相-
2、discover：做出重大发现 / notice：注意到- observe：观察 / watch：观察活动中的人或画面Spot n.斑点- Thereisawhitespotontheshirt.onthespot有两个含义：1 立刻, 马上（atonce, immediately）- Anyonebreakingtheruleswillbeaskedtoleaveonthespot.2 attheplaceoftheaction 在现场- Whereversheisneeded, sheisquicklyonthespot.Evidence n.证据（不可数名词）Evident adj.明显
3、的, 显然的 / evidently adv.明显地, 显然Evidence = proof (n.证据)- Whenthepolicearrived, hehadalreadydestroyedtheevidence.inevidence 显而易见的- Hewasinevidenceattheparty.Accumulate v.积累, 积聚（强调积累的过程）- Astheevidenceaccumulates, expertsfromthezoofeltobligedtoinvestigate.Gather vt.聚集, 把某人召集在某处- The teacher gathered his
4、 students in the classCollect vt.搜集, 采集 - Do you collect stamps? Yes, I collect stamps as my hobby.（n.业余爱好）Assemble v.集合, 集会 / 装配- A large number of people assemble on the square.Hoard vt.大量的储存 （- hoardup = storeup 储藏）- Thesquirrelhoardsupnutsforthecoldwinter （squirrel n.松鼠）（nut n.坚果）amass vt.积聚（主要用
5、于诗歌和文学作品）- The clouds amassed above the hillsOblige v.使感到必须feelobligedtodosth 感觉有必要做某事- I feel obliged to say no to his demand（n.要求, 需要）beobligedtodosth 被迫做某事- They were obliged to sell their car to pay their debts off.（debt n.债务）hunt v.n.追猎, 寻找 （huntfor）- The experts from London zoo began to hunt (
6、v.) for a puma.- The hunt (n.) for the puma proved the difficult. （prove vt.证明, 证实）search 搜寻某处为了寻找到某人或某物- The police were searching the forest for the missing boy.runafter 强调追赶, 追求 - look, a dog is running after a cat- what are you run after in your lifeseek = pursue v.追寻(理想)chase v.追赶 （- They are c
7、hasing a thief / They are running after a thief）blackberry n.黑莓 / berry n.浆果humanbeing 人类corner v.使走投无路, 使陷入困境 作为动词, 经常使用被动语态- Thethiefwascorneredatlast- Theproblemcorneredme.corner n.角落 - atthecornerofthestreet- inthecorneroftheroom- onthecornerofthedeskTrail n.一串, 一系列 trail vt. 跟踪, 追踪（= follow）- T
8、hepolicetrailedthecriminaltotheplacewherehewashiding （criminal n.罪犯）Print n.印痕Cling v.粘 （clung, clung, clinging）- Sheisalwaysclingingtohermother. - Heclungtothehopethathewouldsucceed. 他怀有成功的希望stick v.粘住 （- stick the envelop）n.信封 stickto坚持 （- stick to the plan / stick to ones promise）n.许诺 sticky adj.
9、粘的 （- sticky fingers）convince v.使信服1convincesb ofsth- I convince him of my honesty.（n.诚实, 正直） 我使他相信我的诚实。2 beconvinced that- I am convinced that she is honest girl.（adj.诚实的, 正直的） somehow adv.不知怎么搞地, 不知什么原因= bysomemeans, insomeway, forsomereasonunknown- Ill get the book back somehow. 无论如何我要把这本书取回来。- I
10、 got lost somehow 不知怎么搞地, 我迷失了。Somewhat adv.稍微, 有点, 有些 （= alittle）- The price is somewhat higher than I expect.（high adj.高的）disturb v.令人不安disturbing adj.令人不安的 / disturbed adj.感到不安的surprising adj.令人惊讶的 / surprised adj.感到惊讶的exciting adj.令人激动的 / excited adj.感到激动的wild adj.野性的, 野生的investigate v.调查, 研究des
11、cription n.描写, 描述extraordinarily adv.特别地，非常地，格外similar adj.相似的, 类似的attack vt.攻击difficult adj.困难的, 艰难的 difficulty n.困难, 难点rabbit n.兔, 野兔paw n.手掌, 手爪fur n.毛皮, 毛, 软毛bush n.矮树丛fully adv.充分地, 完全地collector n.收藏家, 征收者Text 课文atlarge 逃遁的, 没有被控制的- The thief is still at largeat large 详细地（= indetail）n.细节, 详情- I
12、 need talk to you at largeat large 总体来讲（= asawhole）- The students at large are hungry for English. （hungry adj.饥饿的, 渴望的）Wheremustthepumahavecomefrom?Pumasarelarge,cat-likeanimalswhicharefoundinAmerica.在英文的表达方式中，首先呈现给读者的是结果（和中文不同）英文擅长用长句，中文擅长用短句。- Pandasarelargecat-likeanimalswhicharefoundinAsia. （pa
13、nda n.熊猫）cat-like 猫一样的, 偷偷摸摸的 / dog-like 狗一样的 / life-like 栩栩如生的WhenreportscameintoLondonZoothatawildpumahadbeenspottedforty-fivemilessouthofLondon,theywerenottakenseriously.一般来讲定语从句和同位语从句紧随在被修饰名词的后面，但为了保持句子平衡，也可以把谓语动词放到从句之前1 定语从句只是对于被修饰词的补充说明、修饰- 定语从句的引导词：- 指人：主语who；宾语who, whom；定语whose- 指物：that（也可以指
14、人）/ which- 时间状语：when / 地点状语：where / 原因状语：why2 同位语从句则是讲述被修饰名词的内容- 同位语从句的引导词：- 名词(做主语、宾语等)：关系词用that而不是which- 时间：when；地点：where- 定语从句中没有what这个关系词，但what可以引导同位语从句- Anideacametoherthatshemightdotheexperimentinanotherway.- Ihavenoideawhathashappenedtohim。theywerenottakenseriously（they指代reports）takesth serio
15、usly = dealwithsth seriously 认真地对待某事- I always take your suggestions seriously.takesth lightly 草率地对待某事 （lightly adv.轻率地）- Dont take the hot potato lightly （hot potato n.棘手的问题）However,astheevidencebegantoaccumulate,expertsfromtheZoofeltobligedtoinvestigate, forthedescriptionsgivenbypeoplewhoclaimedto
16、haveseenthepumawereextraordinarilysimilar.However adv.然而(起转折作用) As 连词：随着, 当.之时过去分词做定语：- the descriptions given by people- the story told by the sailor (n.海员, 水手, 船员)- a book written by Luxunclaimtohavedonesth 声称曾经做过某事- He claimed to have been the manager of the large shop.Thehuntforthepumabeganinasm
17、allvillagewhereawomanpickingblackberriessawalargecatonlyfiveyardsawayfromher.Where a woman picking 定语从句- IstillremembertheschoolwhereIstudiedEnglish.Itimmediatelyranawaywhenshesawit,andexpertsconfirmedthatapumawillnotattackahumanbeingunlessitiscornered.Confirm = besure = becertain (confirm vt.确定)Unl
18、ess it is cornered = if it is not cornered (unless conj.如果不, 除非)- He will accept the job unless the salary is too low.Thesearchproveddifficult,forthepumawasoftenobservedatoneplaceinthemorningandatanotherplacetwentymilesawayintheevening.search = huntWhereveritwent,itleftbehinditatrailofdeaddeerandsma
19、llanimalslikerabbits.把某物留在后面：leavebehind- Wherever he went, the wound left behind him a trail of blood.（n.血）Pawprintswereseeninanumberofplacesandpumafurwasfoundclingingtobushes.英文表达方式习惯用被动语态, 突出客观事实。而中文则善于运用动作的执行者。pumafurwasfoundclingingtobushes. （被动） We found the puma fur clinging to bushes. （主动）-
20、clinging to bushes是现在分词短语做宾补Severalpeoplecomplainedofcat-plainof/aboutsth 抱怨某事on+名词：强调动作正在进行- ontherise 在上升 / ontheincrease 在增加- onthewatch 在观看 / onthematch 在比赛中- onthefishingtrip 在钓鱼的途中 / onholiday 在度假Theexpertswerenowfullyconvincedthattheanimalwasapuma,butwherehaditcomefrom?Fully（adv.充分地, 完全地）= co
21、mpletely = entirely Asnopumashadbeenreportedmissingfromanyzoointhecountry,thisonemusthavebeeninthepossessionofaprivatecollectorandsomehowmanagedtoescape.sth be inthepossessionofsb = sth be insbspossession 某物归某人所有(主语是物)- Thebeautifulcarisinmypossession.= The beautiful car is inthepossessionofme.Sb be
22、 inpossessionofsth 某人拥有某物(主语是人)- Iaminpossessionofthebeautifulcar.（in possession of 做表语）- Thepersoninpossessionofthebighouseisexcited. （in possession of 做定语）takepossessionof 拥有Thehuntwentonforseveralweeks,butthepumawasnotcaught.Went on = lasted （last vi.继续, 持续）Itisdisturbingtothinkthatadangerouswild
23、animalisstillatlargeinthequietcountryside.Itisdisturbingtothinkthat. 一想到就心理不安- Itisdisturbingtothinkthat I fail my examinationinthequietcountryside 在宁静的山村Special difficulties 难点ExercisesA1.at/for 2.to 3.to 4.in 5.onExercisesB1.Heisthemanwehaveheardaboutsomuch.2.Theshelfyouputthosebooksonhascollapsed
24、.（vi.倒塌, 崩溃, 瓦解）3.Whomdidyoureceivealetterfrom?特殊疑问句中whom不能省略（本句）。定语从句中Which以及指代人的做宾语的Whom, 在非正式用法当中可以省略。省略时，介词不能前置到关系代词Whom, Which前，只能用于非固定的动词短语后面。固定的动词短语lookfor：寻找（去掉for后look没有寻找的意思，所以介词for不能前置）非固定的动词短语lookat：注视livein：居住（去掉in后live仍有居住的意思，所以介词in可以前置）Thisistheoldhouseinwhichhelived. = Thisistheoldho
25、usehelivedin.4.Thisistheroadwecameby?5.Whereisthepencilyouwereplayingwith?Multiple choice questions 多项选择1 正确答案：Din common adv.共有 （替换了similar）2 正确答案：BA）只是一个具体的特定的事列，阅读理解题的时候要把握中心大意B）largecatpersuade v.说服, 劝说3 答案正确：C做理解题时要紧扣主题、紧扣中心大意文章最后一句话总结了大意句型结构题和词汇题是每课的关键4 答案正确：C Make的用法：makesomebodydo（在主动语态中不定式的
26、符号to应该省略）bemadetodo（被动语态中不定式的符号to必须补充完整）- They made her wait for hours. She was made to wait for hours.5 答案正确： DA）把say改成claim就对了 （- Peopleclaimedtohaveseenthepuma.）D）清楚的道明了动作发生的先后关系6 正确答案：B原句中的when引导的时间状语从句表示：.就（assoonas）被动：On being observed, it immediately ran away.主动：Onobservingher, itimmediatelyr
27、anaway.On seeing me, he waved to me.7 正确答案：Dexcept可以和名词/名词性从句进行搭配（也可是when/if引导的从句形式）unless = if.not = exceptontheconditionthatwhen = if- except when they are cornered. = except if they are cornered.- Whenever you come, you are welcome. = If ever you come, you are welcome.8 正确答案：DA）mustbe只是对客观现实的推测，时
28、态不一致- 对于过去事实推测一定要用：情态动词+ have +过去分词9 正确答案：Conmorethan = nothing more than = only / within = notmorethan10 正确答案：Binacorner 偷偷摸摸地, 暗中地, 秘密地inatrap 落于陷阱中at an angle 不正的, 倾斜的（angle n.角, 角度, 角落, 墙角, 棱角）under cover 在遮蔽处, 秘密地, 暗中11. 正确答案：Bfishesforpleasure 钓鱼消遣travel for pleasure 外出游玩read for pleasure 阅读消遣
29、12 on ones own adv.独自地, 独立地, 主动地 （= alone）for ones own benefit 为了某人自己的利益Lesson02 Thirteenequalsone 十三等于一New words and expression 生词和短语equal v.等于A等于B AequalsBEqual vt.与.相匹敌 - Noneofuscanequalher, eitherinbeautyorasa dancer.beequalto +名词（equal adj.不相上下的）- MaryisquiteequaltoJohninbrains.（n.智力, 脑髓） 玛丽可以
30、和约翰在脑力上相匹敌。beequalto doing：有能力, 有力量来做某事（to是介词）- I am equal to running the company.vicar n.牧师raise v.募集，筹（款） - raise money 募集资金提高 - raise the price 提高物价饲养、供养 - raise a horse饲养一匹马种植 - raise wheat种植小麦召集、招募 - raise an army招募一支军队 （army n.陆军, 军队）提出、发出 - raise a cheer 发出欢呼声 （cheer n.愉快, 欢呼）torchlight n.电筒光
31、 torch n.手电筒cause n.事情church n.教堂figure n.外形, 轮廓, 体形grocer n.食品商人, 杂货商人bell n.钟, 铃, 钟声, 钟形之物tower n.塔, 城堡Text 课文Wasthevicarpleasedthattheclockwasstriking?Why?Ourvicarisalwaysraisingmoneyforonecauseoranother,buthehasnevermanagedtogetenoughmoneytohavethechurchclockrepaired.现在进行时和always等频度副词搭配时：表示说话人带有
32、某种的情感色彩Tomisalwaysdoinghomework. 汤姆总是做家庭作业，怎么也做不完。Tomalwaysdoeshishomework. 汤姆总是做家庭作业，不拖欠作业。Heisalwaysmakingnoises. 他总是吵吵闹闹，真烦人。oneoranother：表示这样或那样- for one reason or another 处于这样或那样的原因- at one time or another 在这样或那样的时间- in one way or another 用这样或那样的方法getenoughmoneyto do sth 募集足够的资金做某事- Ihavetogete
33、noughmoneytohavemyhouserepaired.havesomethingdone 1找某人来做某事- havethechurchclockrepaired- havetheplanerepaired/ - havehaircut2某人所遭受到的意外某种情况（主语必须是发出动作的人）- Hiswalletwasstolen. Hehadhiswalletstolen.Thebigclockwhichusedtostrikethehoursdayandnightwasdamagedmanyyearsagoandhasbeensilenteversince.usedto：过去常常做
34、，而现在不再发生的事情了。- Heusedtosmokeeveryday.Onenight,however,ourvicarwokeupwithastart:theclockwasstrikingthehours!However - 在口语中, 主要用于句首；在作文中, 最好用在句中、句尾。要用逗号分隔开来- Hesaidthatitwasso, hewasmistaken, however.Hesaidthatitwasso, however, hewasmistaken.他说这件事就是如此，然而他弄错了。- Iknowhisstory, however, Iwouldntliketotel
35、lyou.Iknowhisstory, I, however, wouldntliketotellyou.However = Nevertheless (adv. conj.) = Nonetheless (adv.)Start n.vt.惊跳, 惊起- The noise made him started(v.).- What a start(n.) you give me. / - he stood up with a start(n.).Looking athiswatch,hesawthatitwasoneoclock,butthebellstruckthirteentimesbefo
36、reitstopped.before：.才- Nearly a week passed before she could explain what had happened to her.Armedwithatorch,thevicarwentupintotheclocktowertoseewhatwasgoingon.Armedwithatorch. 过去分词Looking athiswatch 现在分词分词做状语/定语的时候，一定要注意它和逻辑主语要呼应一致Inthetorchlight,hecaughtsightofafigurewhomheimmediatelyrecognizedas
37、BillWilkins,ourlocalgrocer.inthetorchlight 在手电筒光下 / in the moonlight 在月光下in the sunshine 在太阳光下 / in the candlelight 在烛光下非正式用语中whom可以省略掉recognizedsomebodyas 认出某人是regardsomebodyas 认为某人是 / thinkofsomebodyas 认为某人是treatsomebodyas 把某人对待为 / haveonsomebodyas 把某人尊敬为WhateverareyoudoinguphereBill?askedthevicar
38、insurprise.Whatever中的ever用来加强语气Imtryingtorepairthebell,answeredBill. Ivebeencomingupherenightafternightforweeksnow. Yousee,Iwashopingtogiveyouasurprise.nightafternight 一夜连着一夜dayafterday 一天又一天 / yearafteryear一年又一年weekafterweek 一周又一周 / busafterbus 一辆车接着一辆车Youcertainlydidgivemeasurprise!saidthevicar.肯定
39、句中常用do, did, does加强语气和情感色彩（一定要位于动词原形之前）- You do like nice today. 你今天看上去确实很不错。- I do like you. Youveprobablywokenupeveryoneinthevillageaswell.aswell用在句尾相当于too, 主要用于肯定句中, 但比too所表达的语意更优秀。- You looked nice yesterday and you look beautiful as well today.Still,Imgladthebellisworkingagain.still用于句首, 用逗号分隔开
40、来, 表达一个转折的关系：虽然如此, 但是Thatsthetrouble,vicar,answeredBill.Itsworkingallright,butImafraidthatatoneoclockitwillstrikethirteentimesandtheresnothingIcandoaboutit.There is nothing I can do about it = I am at a lose what to do（at a loss adv.困惑）Wellgetusedtothat,Bill, saidthevicar.Thirteenisnotasgoodasone,bu
41、titsbetterthannothing.Nowletsgodownstairsandhaveacupoftea.getusedto / beusedto / beaccustomedto / getaccustomedto都表示习惯于get强调渐近的过程,be强调习惯了的状态Special difficulties 难点in1与表达惊奇、恐惧、失望或生气等感情色彩的名词搭配连用, 在句中起状语作用。insurprise惊奇地 / inastonishment惊愕的 inalarm恐吓的 / inembarrassment窘迫的 inamazement极为惊讶 / indespair绝望的 indismay沮丧的 /inanger恼火的 /indisappointment失望的2表示以、用。用于语言, 书写材料, 色彩或声音等方面。inEnglish /inpencil /inink /inoil 用颜料 /inred用红色 /incode用代码insuchahighvoice 用这么高的声音 /inafewwords 用几句话3表示状态、情况或处境introuble /indifficulty在困境中 /inbed在床上 /inahurry匆忙的 indebt负债 / inlovewithsb爱上某人 /intears流着泪 ingood
