1、高中英语必修三Unit 2课本知识【重点单词拓展】1.assist vt.帮助;援助assistant n.助手;助理assistance n.帮助plain vi.&vt.抱怨;发牢骚complaint n.抱怨3.respond vt.回答;回复vi.作出反应;回应response n.反应;回答;回复4.appoint vt.任命;委派appointment n.任命;约定appointed adj.约定的;指定的5.replace vt.接替;取代;更换replacement n.取代;代替6.elect vt.选举;推选election n.选举;推选;当选7.scare vt.惊吓
2、;使害怕vi.受惊吓scared adj.害怕的;对感到惊慌或恐惧的scary adj.令人害怕的8.reject vt.拒绝接受;不录用rejection n.拒绝接受;否决9.retire vi.&vt.退休;退职;退出retirement n.退休retired adj.退休的10.energetic adj.精力充沛的;充满活力的energetically adv.精力充沛地energy n.精力11.memory n.记忆力;回忆memorize vt.记忆,记住memorable adj.难忘的;值得记忆的12.harm n.&vt.伤害;损害harmful adj.有害的(反)
3、harmless adj.无害的13.moral adj.道德的;道义上的n.品行;道德;寓意morally adv.道德上;确实地morality n.道德准则;道义14.saving n.节省物;节省;节约;(pl.)储蓄金;存款save vt.储蓄;攒钱15.marriage n.结婚;婚姻marry v.(和某人)结婚,嫁,娶married adj.已婚的16.majority n.大部分;大多数major adj.主要的;重要的n.专业vi.主修(反) minority n.少数;少数派17.import n.进口;进口商品vt.进口;输入;引进(反) export n.出口;出口商
4、品vt.出口;输出;传播18.operation n.手术;企业;经营operate v.手术;操作;经营operator n.操作员19.flexible adj.灵活的;可变通的flexibly adv.灵活地flexibility n.灵活20.publish vt.发表(作品);出版publication n.出版;发表21.sharp adj.(增长;下跌等)急剧的;锋利的;明显的sharply adv.急剧地;尖刻地sharpen vt.(使)变锋利22.illustrate vt.(举例)说明;阐明;给(书或文章)加插图illustration n.插图;阐明【词块和短语】P14
5、moral dilemma 道德困境get / run into trouble 陷入困境；遇到麻烦(be) eager to do sth 渴望做某事share sth with sb 与某人分享某物/事all the time 一直;始终disagree with 不同意be confused about 对.感到困惑P15be faced with 面临fall down 跌倒倒塌;不尽如人意P16carry sb through sth 帮助某人渡过难关be deeply affected by 深受影响 the majority of 大多数tuition fees 学费would
6、rather .(than) 宁愿/宁可(而不)resident physician 住院医师reject the offer 拒绝邀请appoint sb (as) sth 任命某人为charge very low fees 收费很低at times 有时;间或medical care/health 医疗P17play a(n) .role in 在中起.作用elect sb to sth 推选某人入hold .position 担任.职务be responsible for 对.负责treat sb as 把某人当作be known as 以.而出名;被称作leave sth with /
7、 to sb 把.交给;委托lie dying 弥留之际tend to do sth 易于做某事;往往会发生某事respond to 回答complain (to sb) about / of sth (向某人)抱怨某事a sharp increase 剧增P18at midnight 在午夜medical instruments 医疗设备give first aid 进行急救pass away 去世in memory of 作为对.的纪念P19step by step 一步步P20crash into 撞上;猛撞pick oneself up (跌倒后)爬起来;站起来come along 到
8、达;出现trip over 被.绊倒in tears 流着泪;含着泪make an attempt to do sth 或 attempt to do sth 尝试做某事in despair 处于绝望中keep .from (doing) sth 阻止.(做)某事out of the way 不再挡路;不再碍事with all ones might 用尽全力succeed in doing sth 成功做某事belong to 属于teach sb a lesson 给某人一个教训P21come across 偶然遇见;碰见achieve ones purpose 实现某人的目的recomme
9、nd sb/ sth to sb 推荐某人/某物给某人give a description of 对.作说明描述.P22(be) proud to do sth 对做某事感到自豪(be) impressed with/ by 对 钦佩/有深刻的印象attitude toward(s) / to 对的态度(be) satisfied with 对.满意working conditions 工作条件carry out/ conduct a survey 进行一项调查in response (to) 作为(对的)回答/回应P23motivate sb to do sth 激励某人做某事lie in
10、在于be thankful for 感激end up 最终处于;最终成为concentrate/focus on 集中精力于P24moral principle 道德准则【教材金句】1.To a person nothing is more precious than their life .(P16)对一个人来说，没有什么比他们的生命更加珍贵了。nothing is +(形容词)比较级+than 没有什么比更加2.At age 18, instead of following the traditional path of marriage like the majority of girl
11、s, she chose to study medicine.(P16)在18岁时，她没有像大多数女孩那样走传统的结婚道路，而是选择了学医。3.Id rather stay single to study all my life! (P16)我宁愿一辈子单身，也要学医!4.Thinking of all the people still in need of help, Dr Lin opened a private clinic.(P16)想到所有仍需要帮助的人，林医生开了一家私人诊所。5.The new Peoples Republic of China saw Dr Lin Qiaozh
12、i playing a key role.(P17)新中国见证了林巧稚医生发挥出的重要作用。6.Despite the difficult situation, Dr Bethune did whatever he could to assist the Chinese people.(P18) 尽管条件艰苦，白求恩大夫也倾尽全力来帮助中国人民。7.I had no shoes and complained, until I met a man who had no feet.(P23)当我抱怨我没有鞋穿的时候，我却发现有人没有脚。8.When eating fruit, think of t
13、he person who planted the tree.(P23) 饮水莫忘挖井人。9.Be thankful for what you have; youll end up having more.If you concentrate on what you dont have, you will never, ever have enough.(P23)拥有一颗感恩的心，最终你会得到更多。如果你总是对那些没有得到的东西耿耿于怀，那么你永远也不会满足。10.Whatever you dont like done to yourself, dont do it to others. Co
14、nfucius(P24)己所不欲，勿施于人。孔子11.Loving ones parents, loving people, loving everything in the world.Mencius (P24)亲亲而仁民，仁民而爱物。孟子12.Nothing good can come to a nation whose people only complain and expect others to solve their problems.如果一个国家的臣民只是抱怨，指望别人来解决他们的问题，那么就不会有好的事情发生在这个国家。13Neither she nor her friend
15、s thought about moving the stone out of the road.她和她的朋友们都没有想到把石头从路上挪走。【写作素材】观点议论文高分句式01开头1.Recently the phenomenon has become a heated topic.最近，这一现象成为了一个热门话题。2.Recently the problem has been brought into focus.最近，这个问题引发了关注。3.Nowadays there is a growing concern over 现在，人们越来越关注4.What calls for special
16、attention is that 引起特殊关注的是5.It is common knowledge that /It is well-known that 众所周知6.Many nations have been faced with the problem of 很多国家都面临这的问题。7.According to a recent survey 根据最近的研究8.With the rapid development of 随着的快速发展。02结尾1.From what has been discussed / mentioned above, we may conclude that 综
17、上所述，我们可以得出的结论。2.Therefore, it is not difficult to draw / come to the conclusion that 因此，不难得出的结论。3.As far as I am concerned, I agree with the latter opinion to some extent.就我而言，某种程度上我赞同后一种观点。4.From all the reasons / consideration above, it is clear / obvious that 综上所述，很明显，5.Taking into account all th
18、ese factors, we may reach the conclusion that 综合考虑所有这些因素，我们可以得出的结论。6.Given the reasons / consideration I have just outlined / discussed / presented, I strongly recommend that 鉴于我刚刚所说的，我非常赞成7.All in all, what really matters is 总之，真正关键的在于8.It is essential that effective measures be taken to 采取的有效措施，非常
19、有必要。9.From what has been discussed above, we may reasonably draw the conclusion that 综上所述，我们可以非常合理地得出的结论。10.As a result, we should take some effective steps to 总之，我们应该采取有效措施来11.Judging by the figures / statistics, it is not difficult to see that 根据这些图表（数据），不难看出03表反驳1.It is true that , but one vital
20、point is being left out.是对的，但一个重要的地方被忽视了。2.There is a grain of truth in these statements, but they ignore a more important fact.这些证据（报告）中确实有部分真相，但他们忽略了一个重要事实。3.Some people say , but it does not hold water.有人说，但这站不住脚。4.Many of us have been under the illusion that 很多人都错误地认为5.A close examination would
21、reveal how ridiculous the statement is.仔细看看就知道这说法有多可笑。6.It makes no sense to argue for 为争论是没有意义的。7.Too much stress placed on may lead to 过于关注，会导致（的错误判断）。8.Such a statement mainly rests on the assumption that 这种报告主要是基于的假设。9.Contrary to what is widely accepted, I maintain that 和普遍的观念不同，我坚持的观点。10.The i
22、dea is hardly supported by facts.这种观点很难用事实来支撑。11.Unfortunately, none of the available data shows 很不幸，没有有效数据可以证明04表证明1.No one can deny that fact that 没人可以否认的事实。2.Recent studies indicate that 最近的研究表明3.There is sufficient evidence to show that 有充足的证据表明4.According to statistics proved by , it can be see
23、n that 根据的数据，可以发现05表原因1.A number of factors are accountable for this situation / contribute to (lead to)(account for) the phenomenon (problem).一系列因素导致了这个现象（问题）。2.The answer to this problem involves many factors.很多原因可以解释这个问题。3.The phenomenon mainly stems from the fact that 这个现象主要源自的事实。4.The factors t
24、hat contribute to this situation include 导致这个现象的原因包括5.The change in largely results from the fact that 的改变主要是因为的事实。6.Part of the explanations for it is that 部分原因是因为7.One of the most common factors (causes) is that 最普遍的原因之一是8.Another contributing factor (cause) is 另一个原因是9.Perhaps the primary factor i
25、s that 一个可能的主要因素是10.But the fundamental cause is that 但最基本的原因是【必背语法】Grammar 动词-ing形式作宾补和状语一作宾补动词-ing形式置于某些及物动词和宾语之后，补充说明宾语的动作或状态。1.在感官动词后作宾语补足语在see，hear，feel，watch，notice等感官动词后，表示一个正在进行的主动的动作，强调一个过程或一种状态。In the crowded cafe, I heard a friendly voice saying, “You can share my table.”He saw a girl wan
26、dering on the street this time yesterday.注意：see/ hear /watch/ feel/ notice+sb./ sth.+doing sth.强调动作正在进行；see/ hear/ watch/ feel/ notice+sb./ sth.+do sth.强调动作发生的全过程/全过程已经结束了。Today on my way home, I saw a man running along the street hurriedly.I saw him enter the room and take something away.2.在使役动词宾补结
27、构中的使用使役动词接现在分词作宾语补足语，表示“让一直做某事”Its cold.We should have the fire burning all the time.I wont have you running about in the room.注意：1) have/ get+sb./ sth.+done包括两层意思：让别人去做某事。（主语）遭受到（意外的损失或不幸）。have +宾语+do sth.意思是“让某人去干某事”。1.Mother has me go to the shop to buy some fruit.2.He had/ got his computer stole
28、n the other day.3.He will have/ get the computer repaired tomorrow.2) leave/ keep +sb./ sth.done sth.（使处于/保持某种状态）Many teachers keep parents informed of childrens performance in the kindergarten by sharing videos on WeChat.3.现在分词在with复合结构中的使用在with复合结构中，现在分词充当宾语补足语，表动作“正在进行”。Does Kilimanjaro deserve i
29、ts reputation as a crowded mountain with lines of tourists ruining the atmosphere of peace?注意：在with的复合结构中, 也可以使用不定式和过去分词作宾语补足语。All the afternoon he worked with the door locked（表被动）.I cant go out with all these clothes to wash（表将来）.二作状语动词-ing形式可以作状语，修饰动词，表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式或伴随情况等。-ing形式作时间、原因、条件、让步
30、状语时多位于句首；作结果、伴随情况状语时常位于句末。1.表示时间。Hearing these stories, Im skeptical about the place.= When I heard these stories2.表示原因。Not knowing his address, I cant send this book to him.= Because/Since/As I dont know his address3.表示结果。His father died, leaving him a lot of money.=, and left him a lot of money4.表
31、示条件。Going straight down the road, you will find the department store.= If you go straight down the road5.表示让步。Being tired, they went on working.=Although they were tired6.表示行为方式、伴随情况或补充说明。He lay on the grass, staring at the sky for a long time.=, and stared at the sky for a long time.注意：非谓语动词作状语时，如所
32、提供的动词不能和句子中的主语保持一致，动词-ing形式必须有自己的逻辑主语，通常由名词或代词来担任，这就是独立主格结构。The last bus having gone, we had to walk home.（having gone的逻辑主语是the last bus，而不是we）Weather permitting, the football match will be played on Friday.（permitting的逻辑主语是weather，而不是the football match）【课本词汇】1.moral mrl : adj.道德的; 道义上的 n品行; 道德; 寓意2
33、.virtue vtu:n.高尚的道德; 美德; 优秀品质3.dilemma dlem: n.进退两难的境地; 困境face a dilemma: 面临左右为难的困境be in a dilemma: 处于进退两难的境地4.moral dilemma: 道德困境5.faint fent: v昏倒; 晕厥adj.不清楚的; 微弱的6.illustrate lstret : v.(举例)说明; 阐明;给(书或文章)加插图7.precious pres : adj.珍稀的; 宝贵的8.entrust ntrst : v.委托; 交付entrust .to sb = entrust sb with.:把
34、什么交付/委托某人9.carry sb through sth: 帮助某人渡过难关10.marriage mrd: n.结婚; 婚姻11.majority mdrti : n.大部分; 大多数The majority + 动词单数/复数plain kmplen : v抱怨; 发牢骚complain about/of: 抱怨; 埋怨13.tuition tjun : n.(小组)教学; 讲课14.fee fi: n.专业服务费; 报酬15.tuition fees: 学费16.respond rspnd: v.回答; 回复;做出反应; 回应respond to.: 对.回答/回应/回复17.re
35、sponse rspns : n.反应; 回答; 回复in response to: 作为答复;响应; 回答;对有反应18.union junin: n.协会; 联合会; 工会The Students/ Student Union: 学生会19.scholarship sklp: n奖学金20.hire ha(r): v.聘任; 雇用; 租用n租借; 租用21.physician fzn : n.医师; (尤指)内科医生22.resident physician: 住院医师23.colleague kli: n.同事; 同僚24.reject ridekt : v.拒绝接受; 不录用rejec
36、t a decision/an offer/a suggestion:拒绝一个决定/一项提议/一个建议reject sb./sth: 拒绝接受; 不录用; 拒收refuse to do.: 拒绝做什么refuse sth: 拒绝; 回绝; 推却25.rejection rdekn: n.拒绝接受; 否决26.appoint pnt : v.任命; 委派27.clinic klnk : n.诊所; 门诊部28.faraway frwe: adj.遥远的far away: 在远处29.elect lekt : v.选举; 推选elect sb + 官衔: 选举某人为什么elect/choose t
37、o do.: 选择做什么30.election lekn : n.选举; 推选; 当选run for election: 参加竞选31.decade deked : n.十年; 十年期in the decade: 在这十年in the next decade: 在下个十年32.elsewhere elswe(r): adv.在别处; 去别处33.tend tend : v.照顾; 照料; 倾向; 趋于34.tend to do sth: 易于做某事; 往往会发生某事tend (to) sb/sth: 照料tend to/toward + 名词：倾向; 趋于35.publish pbl : v.
38、发表(作品); 出版publishing house: 出版社36.staff stf : n.员工; 全体职员The staff + 动词单数/复数37.retire rta(r): v.退休; 退职; 退出retire from.：从.退下了retire from ones job: 退休a retired worker：退休工人38.saving sev : n.节省物; 节省; 节约。(复数)储蓄金; 存款39.kindergarten kndtn :n.学前班; 幼儿园40.principle prnspl :n.道德原则; 法则; 原则41.passive psv : adj.被动
39、的; 顺从的42.scared sked : adj.害怕的;对感到惊慌或恐惧的be scared/afraid/frightened of: 害怕43.scare ske(r): v.惊吓; 使害伯; 受惊吓44.sharp p : adj.(增长/下跌等)急剧的;锋利的; 明显的45.insurance nrns : n.保险; 保险业take out insurance against .: 办理.的保险pay insurance on.：交.的保险金46.energetic endetk: adj.精力充沛的;充满活力的be full of energy: 精力充沛47.replace
40、 rples : v.接替; 取代; 更换48.accident ksdnt : n.事故; 车祸; 失事49.operation pren: n.手术; 企业; 经营do an operation: 做手术operate on/upon: 给.动手术50.whisper wsp(r): v.悄声说; 耳语; 低语n.耳语(声); 低语(声); 传言; 谣传in a whisper：悄悄地51.midnight mdnat : n.子夜; 午夜at noon/midnight: 在中午/半夜= in the middle of the day/night52.import mpt: n.进口;
41、 进口商品mpt: v.进口; 输入; 引进53.export ekspt : n.出口; 出口商品kspt : v.出口; 输出; 传播54.pole pl: n.(行星的)极; 地极the North/South Pole: 北极/南极55.lap lp: n. (坐着时的)大腿部;(跑道等的)一圈56.bite bat : (bit bt-bitten btn )v.咬; 叮; 蜇n咬; (咬下的)一口; 咬伤be bitten by: 对着迷; 热衷于57.lip lip: n嘴唇bite ones lip: 竭力忍住不说话;抑制情感的流露bite ones tongue: 隐忍不言5
42、8.assist sst : v帮助; 援助assist sb in doing: 帮助某人做assit sb in/with sth: 在方面帮助/协助某人assist sb to do: 帮助某人做59.first aid: 急救do/make/offer/give first aid (to sb): 进行急救first aid kit: 急救箱60.pass away: 去世61.chairman temn : n.主席; 主持人; 董事长62.memory memri : n.记忆力; 回忆have a good/bad memory: 有好的/差的记忆力63.in memory o
43、f: 作为对的纪念64.chain ten:n.一连串(人或事); 链子; 链条65.caf kfei; NAmE kfei:n.咖啡馆; 小餐馆make coffee/tea：冲咖啡/沏茶66.waitress wetrs : n.(餐馆的)女服务员;女侍者67.pregnant prennt: adj.怀孕的; 妊娠的be pregnant with: 怀上.68.disguise dsaz : v.装扮; 假扮; 掩盖n.伪装; 化装用具indisguise: 伪装; 假装; 乔装打扮69.maple mepl : n.枫树; 槭树70.cart kt : n.手推车; 运货马车71.s
44、pill spl: v.(使)洒出; (使)溢出(spilt spilt; spilled - spilled)72.trip over: 被绊倒73.limp limp: v.跛行; 一瘸一拐地走74.tear t(r): n眼泪; 泪水burst into tears/laughter: 大哭/笑burst out crying/laughing: 大哭/笑75.in tears: 流着泪; 含着泪76.harm hm: n./v伤害; 损害do harm to sb/sth = do sb/sth harm:危害; 伤害77.despair dspe(r): n.绝望v.绝望; 感到无望despair of.: 对.绝望; 丧失信心78.in despair: 处于绝望中79.might mat : n.力量; 威力80.a great deal (of + 不可数名词): 大量a lot of = lots of = plenty of +不可数名词/名词复数81.fable febl: n.寓言; 寓言故事82.court kt: n(网球等的)球场; 法院; 法庭83.flexibl
