1、 Discovering useful structures -Improve a draft(Phrases)VideoWhat is a phrase?A phrase is not a complete sentence.It does not share complete thought.It does not have a subject and a verb.What is a phrase?Types of phrases?Noun Phrase（NP):a good friend;a lovely baby,Verb Phrase（VP）:drive carefully;tal
2、k loudly,Adjective Phrase（AdjP):very cold and dark;afraid of,.Adverb Phrase（AdvP):quite slowly;as fast as possible,.Prepositional Phrase（PreP）:in first place;in the morning,.(This sentence includes 3 phrases.)In English grammar,a phrase is a piece of information in a sentence made up of more than on
3、e word.The book was sitting on the table.Lead in1.名词短语名词短语（Noun Phrase-NP）2.形容词短语形容词短语（Adjective Phrase-AdjP）3.副词短语副词短语（Adverb Phrase-AdvP）In this unit,we will learn the following three types of phrases:1.Its important for us to learn about the meaning of a sentence and the structure of a sentence q
4、uickly and correctly.Why should we study English phrases?2.You can use phrases to make your sentences more interesting and complex.The first week was a little confusing.作_ We respect our teacher very much.作_ The young lady standing there is my sister.作_ We elected him monitor of our class.作_ 一、名词短语一
5、、名词短语(NP)(NP)主语主语表表语语宾宾语语宾语补足语宾语补足语 Summarize 1.1.名词短语名词短语指指以一个名词为中心词以一个名词为中心词构成的短语，在句中的功能相当于名构成的短语，在句中的功能相当于名词。词。一般用一般用作作_等。等。主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语 -word group with a noun as its head wordCompare,find and summarize(限定词限定词)+(+(形容词形容词/形容词短语形容词短语/描述性名词描述性名词)十十名词名词+(+(介词短语介词短语)2.2.名词短语名词短语(NP)(N
6、P)的构成：的构成：1)Im a freshman.2)Thats a really good idea.3)The construction of that big building is completed.4)On weekends,he would join in some school activities.5)The author puts forward his suggestions on the contents of the book.（冠词（冠词+名词）名词）(1)限定词包括限定词包括:冠词冠词(a/an/the);指示代词指示代词(this/that/these/tho
7、se等等);物主代词物主代词(my/your/his/her/our/their等等);不定代词不定代词(some/no/neither/both等等);数词数词(one/two/first/second等等)。（冠词（冠词+形容词短语形容词短语+名词）名词）（冠词（冠词+名词名词+介词短语）介词短语）（不定代词（不定代词+描述性名词描述性名词+名词）名词）（物主代词（物主代词+名词名词+介词短语）介词短语）(2)多个形容词修饰名词时，其顺序为多个形容词修饰名词时，其顺序为:限定词限定词(含数词含数词)-描绘词描绘词-出处出处-材料性质材料性质-类别类别 顺口溜记忆顺口溜记忆:1)限定描绘大长
8、高，形状年龄和新老，颜色国籍跟材料，作用类别往后靠。限定描绘大长高，形状年龄和新老，颜色国籍跟材料，作用类别往后靠。(3)限定词限定词的顺序：的顺序：前位限定词：all,half,both,分数和倍数 中位限定词：冠词，指示代词，物主代词 后位限定词：序数词，基数词eg:both my hands 如如:一个白色的大塑料袋一个白色的大塑料袋 一张又大又漂亮的棕色圆形旧木餐桌一张又大又漂亮的棕色圆形旧木餐桌 a white big plastic bag()a big white plastic bag()a big,beautiful,brown,round,old,wooden,dining
9、 table.()a beautiful,big,round,old,brown,wooden,dining table.()2)美小圆旧黄，法国木书房。美小圆旧黄，法国木书房。beautiful,ugly,kind,interesting,boring.eg:我的两只手我的两只手 他所有收入的一半他所有收入的一半all half his income _gave me _ in choosing courses.学校导师在选课上给了我很多帮助。I really dont know_ 我真的不认识树下的那个女孩。He made _for his study in_ 他在新学期制定了一个很好的学
10、习计划。I recommend that you make_ 我建议你制定一个可行的计划。即时训练1完成句子The school advisermuch helpthe girl under the tree a good planthe new terma workable schedule The man is tall and strong.作_ She is a little girl lively and lovely.作_ He found the movie very interesting.作_二、形容词短语二、形容词短语(AdjP)(AdjP)定定语语表语表语宾语补足语宾语补
11、足语 Summarize 1.1.形容词短语形容词短语是是指指以一个形容词为中心词以一个形容词为中心词构成的短语，在句中的功能构成的短语，在句中的功能相当于形容词的作用，一般用相当于形容词的作用，一般用作作_ _ 等。等。表语表语、定语定语、宾语补足语宾语补足语 -word group with an adjective as its head wordI found her a very kind girl.It is very exciting to make a new discovery.Its really quite important to have a reasonable w
12、ork schedule.My cousin is very good at playing football.Youre old enough to travel on the train by yourself.2.2.形容词短语形容词短语 (AdjP)(AdjP)的构成：的构成：1 1）(副词副词/副词短语副词短语)形容词；形容词；2）形容词形容词(介词短语介词短语)；3）形容词形容词enoughenough(副词形容词)(副词形容词)(副词短语形容词)(副词形容词介词短语)(形容词enough)I think your idea is_ 我认为你的想法对我们真的很好。It is not
13、 the right road and were_!这条路不对，我们完全迷路了！Dont worry about the children.Theyre_ to take care of themselves.不要担心孩子们，他们已经长大，自己会照顾自己了。即时训练2完成句子really good for uscompletely lostold enough He speaks very quickly.修饰_作_ I am much too happy to see you.修饰_作_ She sings well enough as a singer.修饰_作_ He worked mu
14、ch more carefully on the new design.修饰_作_三、副词短语三、副词短语(AdvP)(AdvP)动词动词状语状语形容词形容词 状语状语动词动词状语状语副词副词状语状语Summarize1.1.副词短语副词短语指指以一个副词为中心词以一个副词为中心词构成的短语，在句中的功能相当于构成的短语，在句中的功能相当于副词，可以修饰副词，可以修饰_,_,一般作一般作_等。等。动词、形容词或副词动词、形容词或副词状语状语-word group with an adverb as its head wordYouve done quite well.Pretty soon,y
15、oull know the result of the matter.Jim jumps far too high and no one can match him.I do not know her well enough to ask her for help.2.2.副词短语副词短语 (AdvP)(AdvP)的构成：的构成：1 1）(副词副词/副词短语副词短语)副词；副词；2）副词副词enoughenough(副词副词)(副词副词)(副词短语副词)(副词enough)即时训练3完成句子He answered _ to the teachers questions.对老师的提问，他回答得很
16、快。She does _ in ballet dancing.她芭蕾舞跳得很好。I wanted it _to work hard for it.我极想得到它，我会为此而努力。very quicklyquite wellbadly enough1.Find and mark the noun phrases,adjective phrases and the adverb phrases in the following sentences.(P16-1)The first week was a little confusing.The building is so big that Im c
17、ompletely lost.The kids over there are putting something on a round paper plate.NPAdjPPractice_NPAdjPAdjPNPNP Linda thinks and speaks quite quickly,and she can do well in the debate.The new coach told me that I didnt play well enough.My first French class was very confusing.The teacher spoke so fast
18、!_AdvPNPNPAdvPNPAdjPNPAdvP2.Answer the questions using the phrases in brackets.（P16-2）1）How soon do you think youll finish your homework?(pretty soon)2）What do you think of your new teachers?(very nice and patient)3）How many clubs have you joined this year?(two clubs)4）How well does Rita play the vi
19、olin?We need a new violinist in our music club.(quite well)5）What did your adviser say about the advanced literature course?(too difficult but very interesting)1）How soon do you think youll finish your homework?(pretty soon)2）What do you think of your new teachers?(very nice and patient)3）How many c
20、lubs have you joined this year?(two clubs)4）How well does Rita play the violin?We need a new violinist in our music but very interesting)club.(quite well)5）What did your adviser say about the advanced literature course?(too difficult-Ill finish my homework pretty soon.-My new teachers are very nice
21、and patient.-Ive joined two clubs this year.-Rita plays the violin quite well.-My adviser said that the advanced literature course was too difficult but very interesting.Cheerleader Try-outsIve wanted to be a cheerleader.Yesterday,I tried out for the team.It was hard.First,we had to dance.The teache
22、r showed us how to move,and then we tried.high schoolmy schools cheerleadingreallyup and down around the basketball court for 20 minutes.very hardImprove a draft3.Joyce has just written a draft.Help her improve it by using noun/adjective/adverb phrases to add more information.（P16-3）Second,we practi
23、ced singing a song about the school basketball team.Finally,some girls had to lift their partners.The other girls jumped and cheered.I think I did well,but the other girls were better.Im not sure if Ill make the team or not.short fightof the strongervery highso loudlyquitein the try-outmany ofevenwhethercheerleading this yearHomework1.Do Ex.2 on P20 for consolidation.2.Find one of your essays and try to improve it by adding some phrases.
