1、12时间状语从句 地点状语从句原因状语从句 目的状语从句结果状语从句 条件状语从句让步状语从句 比较状语从句方式状语从句3时间状语从句41.When 当时候 When the project began,Makete District was virtually totally isolated during the rainy season.(剑7,T2,R)项目开展初期时，马科特地区在雨季几乎完全与世隔绝。5时间状语从句要用一般现在时表示将来当他回来了我将会告诉他事实。Ill tell him the truth when he comesback.6 2.Whenever/no matt
2、er when 无论何时We shall go there whenever we are free.(2)我们什么时候有空，我们就去那。(1)You can choose a password so that,whenever we visit you at home,you will know it is us.(剑7,G,TA,L)你可以设个密码，这样每次我们来你家你就知道是我们来了。73.While/Whilst当时候，与同时(1)The doorbell rang while we were watching TV.(2)我正在写作业的时候，电话响了。The phone rang w
3、hile I was writing my homework.注意：while强调主句和从句的动作同时发生，从句 谓语的动词是延续性动词，且多用进行时。84.As 当时，一边一边(1)The frequency of riots(暴乱)rises dramatically as the weather gets warmer.(剑3，T3，R)(2)As time went on,he became wiser and wiser.95.Before/After(1)Before 在之前Think twice before you act.(2)After 在之后我做完作业之后，就立刻去睡觉。
4、I went to bed immediately after I finished my homework.106.Since 自从(2)It is just a week since we arrived here.(1)We have known each other since we were in primary school.(剑3,T4,R)从句时态常为一般过去时,主句时态通常为现在完成时或一般现在时。117.Till/Until 直到为止（1）那个年轻人看书一直到熄灯。The young man read till the light went out.（2）我会一直呆在这直到
5、他来。I will stay here until he arrives.12not until 直到才The problems doctors accepted as normal in a 65-year-old in 1982 are often not appearing until people are 70 or 75.(剑6,T2,R)在1982年，医生们认为65岁的人所患属于正常的疾病现在往往直到70或75岁才会出现。138.表示“一就”as soon as/hardlywhen/no soonerthan/once/immediately/directly/the momen
6、t(that)a.As soon as I arrive there,I will call you.b.Once it stops raining,we will leave.c.It began to rain immediately I arrived home.d.I came here directly I got your massage.e.The moment I heard the song,I felt cheerful.14Hardlywhen/No sooner than 表示过去发生的事情，主句用过去完成时，从句用过去时。(1)I had hardly got bac
7、k to the kitchen,when the phone rang again.(2)He had no sooner arrived home than he was asked to start on another journey.159.By the time 到时候为止(1)By the time I got to the station,the train had left.(2)By the time I graduate next year,I will have lived here for five years.By the time与两与两种完成时态搭配完成时态搭配
8、从句从句主句主句一般过去时一般过去时过去完成时过去完成时一般现在时一般现在时(表将来表将来)将来完成时将来完成时16翻译练习1.When in Rome,do as the Romans do.2.Since the test were introduced,AIS athletes in all sports have been remarkably successful at staying healthy.(剑6)自从应用了这种测试方法，AIS所有运动项目的运动员都一直保持着健康状态。17 4.一旦食物链断裂，整个生态系统会永远被改变(the food chain,ecosystem)O
9、nce the food chain is broken,the whole ecosystem could be changed forever.3.学生们可以在演出开始45分钟前买备用票。(剑6)(Standby tickets)Students can get Standby tickets 45 minutes before a performance begins.18Fun Time A detective arrested a criminal and wasabout to handcuff him when a huge gust ofwind blew the detect
10、ives hat off.“Shall I go and fetch it?”the criminalasked.“Do you take me for a fool?”askedthe detective.“You wait here while I goand get it!”19地点状语从句20 一般表示一个确定的但并非特指的地点(1)After you finish the book,put it where it was.(2)Where the route runs along the road,walkers should keep to one side in single f
11、ile,facing oncoming traffic at all times.(剑5)在路线与车道重合的地方，面对迎面开来的车辆，行走队伍要一直靠一边成单行行走。212.Wherever/Anywhere/Everywhere 无论何处/到处(2)Everywhere they appeared,there were ovation(欢呼).(1)You need to be able to call and be called wherever you are.(剑7)你无论在哪都必须能被联系得到或者联系别人。22 地点状语从句有时含有条件意味地点状语从句有时含有条件意味 a.Where
12、 there is a will,there is a way.有志者，事竟成。b.Where there is life,there is hope.留得青山在，不怕没柴烧。c.Wherever there is water,air and earth,there is vegetation(植物).23翻译练习1.The new medium quickly found its way across the world,attracting larger and larger audiences wherever it was shown.(剑4 G TB W)这种新媒体很快风靡全世界，不
13、管出现哪里，都能吸引越来越多的观众。242.一般来说，在污染严重的地方，野生动植物处于灭绝的边缘(wildlife,on the brink of extinction)Generally speaking,the wildlife is on the brink of extinction where there is serious pollution.253.不论在哪里，人们都需要动物的陪伴。(animal companions)People need animal companions wherever they live.26原因状语从句271.because语气最强，只有它才能用来
14、回答why引导的问句(1)You want to know why I am leaving?I am leaving because Im fed up with the job and boss.(2)We are alive because volcanoes provided the soil,air,and water we need.(剑4)282.Since表示人们已知的事实，不须强调的原因所以常译成“既然”通常放在句首(1)Since you said so,I believed it to be true.(2)既然没有钱，我们没有办法买新车。Since we have no
15、 money,we cant buy a new car.293.As所引出的理由在说话人看来已经很明显，或已为听话人所熟悉而不须用because加以强调(1)She didnt hear us come in as she was asleep.(2)I dont think it is entirely necessary to adhere strictly to the original story,as movies are both visual and auditory.(剑3,T2,S)我认为严格忠实于原著并不完全必要，因为电影是图像和声音的统一。304.For表示推断的理由，
16、是对前面分句的内容加以解释或说明通常放在主句后面 It rained last night,for the ground is wet this morning.The days are short,for it is now December.315.now that 既然(1)Now that you are here,youd better stay.(2)既然你已经完成了你的工作，你可以走了。Now that you have finished your work,you may go.326.considering/seeing that 考虑到，鉴于，由于(1)Considerin
17、g the sweater is handmade,the price seems reasonable.(2)Seeing that it is ten oclock,we will not wait for her any longer.33翻译练习：1.Hollywood films appealed because they had better constructed narratives,their special effects were more impressive,and the star system added a new dimension to screen act
18、ing.(剑4)好莱坞电影吸引人的原因在于故事构思更巧妙，特技更具感染力，明星阵容又给荧屏表演增添了新的看点。342.有些老人愿意去敬老院住(nursing home)，因为在那里他们可以享受更好的居住环境，得到专业的照料和治疗。Some elderly people would like to live in a nursing home,because they can enjoy a better environment and also receive professional care and treatment.35目的状语从句 36目的状语从句常见引导词主要有：so,so tha
19、t,in order that.从句中常含有情态动词 willwould 或 cancould1.I will put it on the wall so(that)everybody will look at it.2.I turned off the TV so(that)my roommate could study in peace and quiet.37翻译练习：1.They argue that it is necessary to get more women onto these courses at university in order that they may pro
20、ceed to develop careers in those fields.(剑5)他们认为应该让更多的妇女进入大学学习这些课程，以便于这些女性可以在这些领域中发展事业。382他一遍又一遍的解释，以便于我们能明白。He explained time and time again,so that we would understand.39扩充：表示目的In order to/so as to+动词原形 lest/for fear that 以免,以防(1)In order to pass the exam,they study hard.(2)We speak in whispers le
21、st we might wake the baby.40结果状语从句 411.so(that)以至于The main function of the hormone is to control the bodys biological clock,so(that)we know when to sleep and when to wake.(剑5)422.sothat/suchthat如此以至于(1)I feel so happy that I dont know what to do.(2)He is such a good teacher that everyone likes him.4
22、3such和so的用法区别：1.So后边直接加形容词;Such要先接冠词a(n)a.He is such a good teacher that everyone likes him.b.He is so good a teacher that everyone likes him.442.so修饰动词The position of the eyes so restricts the field of vision in baleen whales that they probably do not have stereoscopic vision.(剑4,T1,R)眼睛的位置使长须鲸的视野受
23、到很大限制，他们可能没有立体视力。453.so修饰副词He spoke so rapidly that we could not clearly understand him.464.so可与many,much,few,little搭配(1)I made so many mistakes that I failed the exam.(2)He has so few friends that he is always lonely(3)He lost so much money that he didnt dare to go home.(4)I had so little trouble w
24、ith the test that I left half an hour early.47翻译练习1.They become so depressed and lacking in energy that their work and social life are affected.(剑3)他们变得如此沮丧并无精打采以至于他们的工作和社交都受到了影响。482.The Dictionary,together with his other writing,made Johnson famous and so well esteemed that his friends were able to
25、 prvail unpon King George to offer him a pension.(剑5)这本词典以及他的其他著作使约翰逊变得非常有名和受人尊重，他的朋友们最终说服国王乔治三世为他提供一份退休金。49条件状语从句 501.if 如果 I believe engaging in paid work is acceptable if the conditions are safe,the hours are reasonable and the wages are fair.(剑3,T3,R)我认为，如果工作条件安全，工作时间合理，薪酬公平，参与有偿劳动是可以接受的。512.unl
26、ess 除非，如果不You will not pass the exam,unless you study hard.523.as long as/so long as 只要(1)You may borrow this book as long as you keep it clean.(2)只要你保持安静就可以待在这儿。You may stay here as long as you keep quiet.534.suppose/supposing(that)假如(1)Suppose I meet him,what shall I tell him?(2)如果明天下雨了，我们怎么办？Supp
27、osing(that)it rains tomorrow,what shall we do?545.on condition(that)如果，在条件下I will let you drive on condition that you have a valid license.6.in case 万一，一旦Send me a message in case you have any difficulty.55翻译练习1.如果你不告诉其他人，我们就同意带你去。If you dont tell anybody else,we agree to take with you.2.As long as
28、you design the questionnaire properly in the first place,the data will be fine.(剑4,T2,L)只要你首先合理的设计问卷，数据就不会错了。56让步状语从句 571.though/although 尽管 不能与but 连用a.Though I have known Mr Smith for thirty years,I have never addressed him by his first name.b.Although(he was)very tired,he did not give up.582.even
29、if/even though 即使、尽管 a.I would not do such a thing,even though I were to get a million dollars.b.Even if I were starving,I would not ask a favor of him.593.while 尽管 位于句首a.While I like the color of the hat,I do not like its shape.b.While I admit that there are problems,I dont agree that they cannot b
30、e solved.604.介词表让步despite,in spite ofa.Though he was inexperienced,he did a very good job.=In spite of his inexperience.b.Although it was dangerous,=Despite the dangerous615.however/whatever/whichever/no matter不管 An Olympic gold is the goal of all aspiring Olympians,no matter what their race,religio
31、n or nationality.(剑3)奥运会金牌是所有胸怀志向的奥运会选手的奋斗目标，无论种族、宗教或国籍。62比较状语从句631.引导词As1).结构“as+adj.adv.+asa.The work is not as difficult as you think.2).结构2 “as+adj.+a(n)+可数名词单数+as”a.Americans tend to think from small to large.Let us take as simple an example as the addressing of envelopes.642.引导词 thana.He is ta
32、ller than I am.b.His book is more expensive than mine.注意：比较对象要一致653.“The more,the more”a.The more she practiced,the better she sang.b.The more we help others,the more we receive in return.66方式状语从句671.as 以方式，像一样，正如a.Do as you are told.b.There is competition between nations just as within every nation
33、 there is competition between individuals.(剑3)就像每个国家内部存在个人竞争一样，国家之间也存在竞争。682.as if/as though 好像a.The little boy talked as though he were his father.b.The eyes move constantly beneath closed lids as if the sleeper is looking at something.(剑5)眼球不停地在紧闭眼睑后运动，好像在看什么东西。693.the way 像一样a.Do it the way you were taught.b.I use the computer to produce professional reports exactly the way I want them.(剑3)我利用电脑完全按照自己希望的那样写出专业报告。
