1、2023年上海市普通高中英语高三上期末质量跟踪监视模拟试题注意事项1考试结束后，请将本试卷和答题卡一并交回2答题前，请务必将自己的姓名、准考证号用05毫米黑色墨水的签字笔填写在试卷及答题卡的规定位置3请认真核对监考员在答题卡上所粘贴的条形码上的姓名、准考证号与本人是否相符4作答选择题，必须用2B铅笔将答题卡上对应选项的方框涂满、涂黑；如需改动，请用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案作答非选择题，必须用05毫米黑色墨水的签字笔在答题卡上的指定位置作答，在其他位置作答一律无效5如需作图，须用2B铅笔绘、写清楚，线条、符号等须加黑、加粗第一部分 （共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分）1What do
2、you think of the newly-released film Capernaum?It touched my heart deeply. But for your recommendation I _ it.Ahad missedBwould missCwould have missedDmust have missed2It was when she first arrived in China _ she developed a passion for paper-cutting.AwhereBthatChowDwhy3Jack and Mike were found chea
3、ting in the exam, and_by their teacher at the moment.Awere scoldedBare being scoldedChave been scoldedDwere being scolded4He let me write down his instructions sure that I would know what was after he went away.Amaking; doing Bmaking; to doCto make; to do Dto make; to be done5_ many Chinese holidays
4、 are directed towards services remembering ancestors, the Ching Ming Festival is beyond doubt the largest.AUnlessBSinceCOnceDWhile6_ the heavy rain，the couple went to the supermarket to buy their son a gift.AIn spite ofBExcept forCBut forDInstead of7Instead of making choices for their children, libe
5、ral parents usually say, “Go where you _ .”AwillBshouldCcanDmust8Along with the email was my brothers promise _ I came first in the competition, he would buy me an MP4.AwhatBthatCthat ifDwhether9I decided to do a random act of kindness last year. And _ that the person I would end up helping most wou
6、ld be myself.AI little knewBlittle did I knewClittle did I knowDlittle I knew10The possibility that Frank was lying _ through my mind.AswallowedBmaskedCflashed11How about his design?Well, to tell the truth, it is _ but satisfactory. So youll have to try your best to better it.AsomethingBanythingCeve
7、rythingDnothing12A Chinese proverb has it that a tower is built when soil on earth _, and a river is formed when streams come together.AaccumulatesBacceleratesCcollapsesDloosens13-Turn off the TV, Jack. Your homework now?-Mum, just ten more minutes, please.AShould you be doingBCouldnt you be doingCS
8、houldnt you be doingDWill you be doing14There are also people who object to fairy stories on the grounds _ they are not objectively true, and that giants, witches, two-headed dragons etc do not exist.AthatBwhatCwhichDwhen15-Mum, I dont think I am qualified enough to do this.-Honey, be confident! You
9、 should know it is _ a man thinks of himself _ really determines his fate.Athat; that Bhow; that Cwhat; that Dhow; that 16Our company is seeking for a manager, especially _ with creativity and imagination.Athe oneBeachConeDthat17_ left the door unlocked must be held responsible for the accident.AWho
10、meverBWhoeverCWhateverDWhenever18It is what you do rather than what you say _ matters.AthatBwhatCwhichDthis19Not until the end of the performance _ the chance to take photos with the respectable actor.Athe audience gotBthe audience had gotCdid the audience getDhad the audience got20Will it be ages _
11、 he goes back to school? Im so worried about him.AbeforeBafterCwhenDas第二部分 阅读理解（满分40分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。21（6分）Its not every day that United States history mixes with microbes (微生物) in the soil. But when the grassland on the National Mall in Washington, DCwas replaced, it offered scien
12、tists the opportunity to study changes in the soil beneath.The work focused on the bacteria present in the soil. To the researchers surprise, the communities of microbes did not change a lot before and after the replacement. These communities in the soil are known as the soil microbiome (微生物群).“My l
13、ab is interested in how microbes can move around in the environment , and how they change and adapt as a result of this movement,” explains Jo Anne Crouch, the lead author of the study. “We thought that the new imported turf (草皮) from New Jersey would introduce different communities of bacteria to t
14、he National Mall. However, we found that they werent significantly different.”Crouchs work focused on turf grass ，defined as a large area of green grass. It is made up of the grass, its roots, and the soil and microbes found with them.Think of the soil microbiome as similar to the collection of micr
15、obes found in the human body. When the microbes are out of balance , it can make someone sick. Crouch says its the same for the soil microbiome. Many of the worst diseases in crops or other environments are linked with changes in the soil microbiome.Additionally, Crouch says that even though the cha
16、nges between the soils were small, scientists are also starting to appreciate that sometimes a really important microbe is a rare one. This means it would be hard to observe but could greatly affect how the groups function as a whole. “Agricultural areas and other natural spaces are highly and easil
17、y hurt by negative changes,” she says. “Microbiomes offer an almost entirely new opportunity to influence interactions among plants and microbes to improve plant productivity and health. ”1、Why did the researchers feel surprised when they focused on the bacteria in the soil?AMore bacteria appeared i
18、n the soil.BMicrobes were replaced obviously.CSoil microbiome almost remained stable.DThe soil microbiomes damaged the environment.2、By studying the turf grass , what did Crouch and her team find?AMicrobes grew faster in their own community.BSoil microbiomes were different in different places.CTurf
19、grass adapted to the environment nearby very soon.DSimilar communities of bacteria were brought by turf grass.3、Why did the author mention the microbes in the human body?ATo indicate the two play a similar role.BTo prove they are both the causes of diseases.CTo examine the environments people live i
20、n.DTo analyze the changes of human microbes.4、What does Crouch mean in the last paragraph?AMicrobes are still as hard to observe as before.BStudies on microbiomes can be beneficial to agriculture.CScientists are still puzzled about the effect of microbiomes.DToo many microbiomes in the soil mean no
21、harm to plants.22（8分） The worlds insects are going down the path of extinction，threatening a“catastrophic collapse of natures ecosystems”，according to the first global scientific reviewMore than 40of insect species are declining and third are endangered，the analysis foundThe rate of extinction is ei
22、ght times faster than that of mammals，birds and reptiles“It should be of huge concern to all of us，for insects are at the heart of every food webThey pollinate(授粉)the large majority of plant species，keep the soil healthy，recycle nutrients，control pests，and much moreLove them or 1oathe them，we humans
23、 cannot survive without insects，”said Prof Dave Goulson at the University of Sussex in the UKThe analysis，published in the journal Biological Conservation，says intensive(集约型)agriculture is the main driver of the declines，particularly the heavy use of pesticidesUrbanisation and climate change are als
24、o significant factors“If insect species losses cannot be stopped，this will have catastrophic consequences for both the planets ecosystems and for the survival of mankindIt is very rapidIn 10 years you will have a quarter less，in 50 years only half left and in 100 years you will have none，”said revie
25、w author Francisco Snchez-Bayo，at the University of Sydney，AustraliaOne of the biggest impacts of insect loss is on many birds，reptiles，amphibians and fish that eat insects“If this food source is taken away，all these animals starve to death，”he saidSuch effects have already been seen in Puerto Rico，
26、where a recent study revealed a 98fall in ground insects over 35 yearsMatt Shardlow，at the conservation charity Buglife，said：“It is thoughtful to see this evidence that shows the pitiful state of the worlds insect populationsIt is increasingly obvious that the planets ecology is breaking and there i
27、s a need for a strong and global effort to prevent and change these terrible trends”1、Why are people worried about the insect decline?AThey are vital to ecosystemsBThey provide food for pestsCThey pollinate all plantsDThey enrich the soil2、What is the main cause of insect losses?AMore and more trees
28、BRestrictions on pesticidesCUpgrading agricultureDFriendly environment3、Where can you find the exact time of insect losses?AIn paragraph 1BIn paragraph 2CIn paragraph 3DIn paragraph 44、What can be a suitable title for the text?AHumans can survive the punishment of natureBInsect declining is breaking
29、 natures ecosystemsCNatures ecosystems are influenced by humansDInsects and animals are dying out in Puerto Rico23（8分）Career criminals begin their antisocial behavior during their toddler (学步的儿童) years and may go on with a life of crime if their behavior isnt challenged, scientists have discovered.
30、While most children grow out of their bad behavior by adulthood, a study found those who had “callous unemotional (冷漠无情的) characteristics” could grow up to have problems with the law later in life. Behavior characteristics such as a lack of sympathy and lying in childhood could have an impact years
31、on.Luke Hyde, assistant professor of psychology at the University of Michigan, said, “These are signs for parents and doctors to watch out for, as they may signal more than just the terrible twos.” He said, “Parents both take care of their child and provide their childs genes so its been difficult t
32、o know if were seeing that parenting causes callous unemotional behaviors, or if it is just a sign of the genes being passed to the child.”The research also discovered that strict parenting is linked to the development of antisocial behavior. Scientists looked at 561 families in an adoption study th
33、at examined biological mothers antisocial behavior. The scientists found children of antisocial mothers were also more likely to exhibit the same behavior characteristics, despite having limited or no touch with them as they were adopted as babies.“The really exciting take-home message from this stu
34、dy is that small, day-to-day positive interactions (互动) that parents have with their young children can make a huge difference in childrens development, said Leslie Leve, a professor at the University of Oregon who co-led the data collection.“Even when children have inherited (遗传) a very challenging
35、 set of behaviors, hearing good job or receiving encouragement can help protect them from developing serious problems coming from their inherited difficulties,” he added. The study, worked on by scientists from the University of Michigan, Penn State University and the University of Oregon has been p
36、ublished in the American Journal of Psychiatry. Researchers will follow the group of children through early adolescence to determine if these behaviors still continue to exist from the toddler years.1、Whats the main idea of the passage?AKids social behaviors are related to crime.BCriminals begin the
37、ir crimes during adolescence.CAntisocial behaviors of kids could be on their way to a life of crime.DWarmhearted kids are more likely to be criminals in the future.2、What conclusion might the scientists draw from the study?AAntisocial behaviors might be inherited.BThe genes decide kids antisocial be
38、haviors.CAntisocial behaviors have nothing to do with crimes.DAdopted babies surely have antisocial behaviors when they grow up.3、What can be inferred from the passage?AParenting is the main reason that causes kids antisocial behaviors.BWhat causes career criminals to begin their crimes is their par
39、ents characteristics.CLeslie Leve has a doubtful attitude to adoptive mothers active interactions with kids.DInherited antisocial behaviors of kids can be lightened by positive parenting.4、Why will researchers track kids process of growing?ATo make sure if kids behaviors will last.BTo make sure if p
40、raise will change kids.CTo determine if kids behaviors will be inherited.DTo determine if parents comfort will protect kids.24（8分） Connecting with people has become so much easier with advancing technology. Tasks that once required a postage stamp or carrier pigeon are now as simple as tapping a nam
41、e or even a face on your screen, and youre connected. But also easier is unconsciously getting caught up in a dilemma by violating certain new rules for communicating. A big one for some: Dont call until youve texted to confirm its OK to call. But thats just the beginning.“Im usually pretty mild and
42、 not much bothers me,” said Mark Angielle, a 22-year-old office manager from White Plains, New York. But the one thing that he hates more than anything else in life is the terrible one-word message “K.” “At the very least reply with, Got it.” he said “At least give me a few words here. Youre not tha
43、t busy.”There are hundreds, perhaps even thousands, of others who have taken Lo social media to express their distaste for people who dont follow the unwritten rules of digital communication.“These rules are simply a new display of a phenomenon weve seen in the past,” said James Ivory, professor of
44、communication a Virginia Tech. In the same way that generations and small groups of friends have their own slang and customs, internet culture has given birth to technology-dependent beings that have their own unique set of routine.But not everyone gets the point. Unlike language, digital communicat
45、ion can be filled with ambiguous clues (线索、迹象) that the person on the other end of the call, text or email may or may not easily understand.“As soon as people arent talking face to face, the first thing that gets lost is some of the richness of the body language,” Ivory said, “People immediately fil
46、l that gap by using emoji (表情符号) to sum up a feeling in seconds.“Theres great potential for danger,” Ivory warned. “Whats considered polite in one form might be inappropriate or rude in another occasion.”1、What can you infer about Mark from Paragraph 2?AHe is a businessman with a bad temper.BHe comp
47、lains about social manners.CHe cant bear one- word messages.DHe dislike a busy business life.2、According to the text, which of the following breaks the rules for communicating?AJohn says “I got it.” to his boss face to face.BJim calls Bill without confirming in advance.CMary texts Lily to make sure if she can call her.DJack sends “Thanks a lot” to his business friends.3、Why may people misundersta
