1、UNIT17 Internet of Things 17-1 Technical Part17-2 Reading Material 17-1 Technical Part 17-1-1 Definition Internet of things refers to uniquely identifiable objects(things)and their virtual representations in an Internet-like structure.The term Internet of things was first used by Kevin Ashton in 199
2、9.The concept of the Internet of Things first became popular through the Auto-ID Center and related market analysts publications.Radio-frequency identification(RFID)is often seen as a prerequisite for the Internet of things.If all objects of daily life were equipped with radio tags,they could be ide
3、ntified and inventoried by computers.However,unique identification of things may be achieved through other means such as barcodes or 2D-codes as well.17-1-2 IntroductionsActually IOT refers to realizing the communication and interconnection between man and man,man and things,as well as things and th
4、ings within the coverage of network,and acquiring or transferring relevant information or instructions through the appropriate WSN(wireless sensor network)platform such as 3G,Zigbee,Wifi,Bluetooth,etc.Its information transformation mode can be point to point or point to face.The Figure 17-1 shows th
5、e IOT component.Figure 17-1 IOT component1.Architecture of IOTThe Internet of things can be divided into three layers:the perception layer,network layer and application layer.Figure 17-2 shows the structure of the typical IOT.Figure 17-2 The structure of the typical IOT Perception layerPerception la
6、yer is the interconnection of skin or facial features for object recognition,information acquisition.It comprises a two-dimension code label and reader,the RFID tag and reader,camera,GPS,sensors,sensor networks,terminals,etc.,which has the same function with humans skin and facial features and is ma
7、inly effective to object recognition,information collection.Perception layer includes various types of sensors,cameras,GPS and other senses,such as RFID,Bluetooth,Zigbee,Wifi technology to realize the sensing network,and play a role of communication gateway to implement transparent transmission.At p
8、resent,its task is object recognition,collection and capturing information,which requires sensitive,comprehensive ability and need to solve the issues of low power consumption,miniaturization,harsh environment and low cost.Below Figure 17-3 shows the typical perception layers devices and technologie
9、s.Figure 17-3 The typical devices and technologies in perception layer Network layerThe network layer is the interconnection of neural and brain information,and complete information transfer ring and processing.It includes the combination of communication and Internet network,the network management
10、center,information center and intelligent processing center.Network layer transfers and processes the information from the Perception layer,which is similar to the central nervous system and brain of the human.The network layer belong to the telecommunication domain,which typically has three parts:R
11、adio Access network,Core network and Co-operating network as below Figure 17-4.Application layer Application layer of the Internet of things“is the result of social labor division and industry requirement”,thereby,a wide range of intelligent.It can implement intelligent industry under the circumstan
12、ce of the deepen combinations of IOT and modern industry and requirement of profession,which resembles the human social labor division,and the final formation of human society.Figure 17-4 The basic architecture of network layer2.Three Key TechnologiesThere are three key technologies in IOT,which is
13、sensor technologies,RFID tag technology and the technology of embedded system.Sensor technologySensor technology is the key technology in computer application.Majority of computer processing are digital signal.Computers require sensors to convert analogy signals into digital signals which can be pro
14、cessed since they occur.RFID tag technologyThe RFID tag is also a kind of sensor technology,which is the integration of a wireless radio frequency and embedded technology,and has a wide range of application in the automatic identification and goods logistics management industry.Embeded SystemThe tec
15、hnology of embedded system is a complex technology which is combined of computer hardware and software,sensor technology,integrated circuit technology,electronic application technology.After decades of development,the intelligent terminal products based on the embedded system characteristics can be
16、seen everywhere small to portable MP3 to the Aerospace Satellite system.Embedded system is increasingly changing the peoples life and promotes the industrial production and the development of national defence industry.If we compare human to the Internet as a simple analogy,then sensor equal to the e
17、yes,nose,skin and other senses,the network is equal to the nervous system used to transmit information,the embedded system is equal to the human brain to process classification after receiving information.This example is a good description of the role of the sensor and the embedded system in the Int
18、ernet of things.17-1-3 Application Case or Example 1.Application 1:Automatic meter reading,or AMRAMR is the application of IOT which automatically collecting consumption,diagnostic,and status data from water meter or energy metering devices(gas,electric).and transferring that data to a central datab
19、ase for billing,troubleshooting,and analyzing.This technology mainly saves utility providers the expense of periodic trips to each physical location to read a meter.Another advantage is that billing can be based on near real-time consumption rather than on estimates based on past or predicted consum
20、ption.This timely information coupled with analysis can help both utility providers and customers better control the use and production of electric energy,gas usage,or water consumption.AMR technologies include handheld,mobile and network technologies based on telephony platforms(wired and wireless)
21、,radio frequency(RF),or power line transmission.The below Figure 17-5 show the whole structure of the ARM solution.Figure 17-5 Structure of the ARM solution2.Application 2:Smart Home/Digital familySmart Home products integrated automation control systems,computer network system and network communica
22、tion technology,and use the various home devices(such as audio and video equipment,lighting,curtains control,air condition,security systems,digital theater systems,network appliance)to realize the family equipment remote control by intelligent family network interconnection of automation and China T
23、elecom broadband,fixed and 3G wireless network.3.Application 3:Intelligent medicalIntelligent medical system can make a self testing by means of simple and practical home medical device for home elderly patients or physiological indicators,and will generate and transfer physiological data through th
24、e China Telecom fixed network or 3G wireless network to the nursing or medical units.4.Application 4:Intelligent environmental protectionIntelligent environmental protection product can achieve continuous real-time and remote monitoring through the implementation of surface water quality automatic m
25、onitoring,and timely grasp the water quality of the main watershed and the key section,as well as early warning and forecast of major or basin water pollution accident,solve cross-regional water pollution accident,the implementation of total control system supervision.5.Application 5:Intelligent tra
26、fficIntelligent transportation system includes bus industry wireless video monitoring platform,intelligent public transportation platform,electronic ticketing,car expert and public mobile phone card.6.Application 6:Intelligent agricultureIntelligent agricultural products can automatically switch on
27、or off device through the acquisition of greenhouse temperature,humidity signal and illumination,soil temperature,the concentration of carbon dioxide,foliar humidity,dew point temperature and other environmental parameters.7.Application 7:Intelligent logisticsIntelligent logistics create a set of in
28、formation displays,electronic commerce,logistics distribution,warehousing management,financial pledge,park security,customs and other functions which constitute one integrated information and service logistics platform.17-2 Reading Material 17-2-1 Reading Comprehension Internet of ThingsIn the IOT,“
29、things”are expected to become active participants in business,information and social processes where they are enabled to interact and communicate among themselves and with the environment by exchanging data and information“sensed”about the environment,while reacting autonomously to the“real/physical
30、 world”events and influencing it by running processes that trigger actions and create services with or without direct human intervention.Interfaces in the form of services facilitate interactions with these“smart things”over the Internet,query and change their state and any information associated wi
31、th them,taking into account security and privacy issues.The vision of Future Internet based on standard communication protocols considers the merging of computer networks,Internet of Media(IOM),Internet of Services(IOS),and Internet of Things(IOT)into a common global IT platform of seamless networks
32、 and networked“things”.IOS is denoting a software based component that will be delivered via different networks and Internet.Research on SOA,Web/Enterprise 3.0/X.0,Enterprise Interoperability,Service Web,Grid Services and Semantic Web will address important bits of the IoS puzzle,while improving coo
33、peration between service providers and consumers.IOM will address the challenges in scalable video coding and 3D video processing,dynamically adapted to the network conditions that will give rise to innovative applications such as massive multiplayer mobile games,digital cinema and in virtual worlds
34、 placing new types of traffic demands on mobile network architectures.This future network of networks will be laid out as public/private infrastructures and dynamically extended and improved by edge points created by the“things”connecting to one another.In fact,in the IOT communications will take pl
35、ace not only between people but also between people and their environment.Communication will be seen more among terminals and data centers(e.g.home data centres,Cloud computing,etc.)than among nodes as in current networks.Growth of storage capacity at lower and lower costs will result in the local a
36、vailability of most information required by people or objects.This,coupled with the enhanced processing capabilities and always on connectivity,will make terminals gain a main role in communications.Terminals will be able to create a local communication network and may serve as a bridge between comm
37、unication networks thus extending,particularly in urban environments,the overall infrastructure capacity.This will likely determine a different view of network architectures.The Future Internet will exhibit high levels of heterogeneity(“things”physical/real,cyber physical,web enabled,digital and vir
38、tual,devices and device models,communication protocols,cognitive capabilities,etc.),as totally different things,in terms of functionality,technology and application fields are expected to belong to the same communication environment.The Internet of Things will create a dynamic network of billions or
39、 trillions of wireless identifiable“things”communicating with one another and integrating the developments from concepts like Pervasive Computing,Ubiquitous Computing and Ambient Intelligence.Internet of Things hosts the vision of ubiquitous computing and ambient intelligence enhancing them by requi
40、ring a full communication and a complete computing capability among things and integrating the elements of continuous communication,identification and interaction.The Internet of Things fuses the digital world and the physical world by bringing different concepts and technical components together:pe
41、rvasive networks,miniaturization of devices,mobile communication,and new models for business processes.Words&Expressionsautonomously ad.自治地，独立自主地denote vt.表示，意思是interoperability n.【电脑】让软硬件在多种品牌机器上能有意义的沟通grid n.格子，铁丝网puzzle vt.使迷惑，使为难massive a.巨大的，大量的multiplayer 多人游戏dynamically ad.不断变化地，充满活力地 connect
42、ivity n.【电脑】(网络)连线exhibit vt.展示，陈列 heterogeneity n.异质性in terms of 就而论，在方面 identifiable a.可认明的，可识别的pervasive 普遍的 ubiquitous 无所不在的ambient a.周遭的，环绕的 fuse 保险丝，熔线 miniaturization n.小型化，微型化17-2-2 Exercises I.Multiple Choices.1.Which of the following part is the vision of future Internet architectures acco
43、rding to the passage?A.Computer networks.B.Internet of Media(IoM).C.Internet of Services(IoS).D.Internet of Things(IoT).2.Which of the following descriptions of IOS is true according to the passage?A.IOS is focusing the software and service.B.IOS is the trend of future network.C.Internet of Services
44、(IoS)emphasis on the user and feeling of customers.D.Internet of Services(IoS)apply on the enterprise only.3.About IOT and IOM,which of the following descriptions is true according to the passage?A.IOM face the problems are video coding and 3D video processing.B.Video coding and 3D video processing
45、is too difficult to solve in IOM.C.A common global IT platform of seamless networks include IOM,IOT and IOS.D.None of the above is correct.4.Which of following is true according the passage?A.The Future Internet will exhibit high levels of heterogeneity.B.Growth of storage capacity at lower and lowe
46、r costs will result in the local availability of most information required by people or objects.C.The Internet of Things will create a dynamic network of billions or trillions of wireless identifiable“things”.D.The Internet of Things fuses the digital world and the physical world by bringing differe
47、nt concepts and technical components together.II.Read&Translate.1.Interfaces in the form of services facilitate interactions with these“smart things”over the Internet,query and change their state and any information associated with them,taking into account security and privacy issues.2.The vision of
48、 Future Internet based on standard communication protocols considers the merging of computer networks,Internet of Media(IoM),Internet of Services(IoS),and Internet of Things(IoT)into a common global IT platform of seamless networks and networked“things”.3.IoM will address the challenges in scalable
49、video coding and 3D video processing,dynamically adapted to the network conditions that will give rise to innovative applications such as massive multiplayer mobile games,digital cinema and in virtual worlds placing new types of traffic demands on mobile network architectures.4.Terminals will be able to create a local communication network and may serve as a bridge between communication networks thus extending,particularly in urban environments,the overall infrastructure capacity.
