1、高考英语常考同根词1.scrib/ script系列 scribe:名词,“抄写员;作家”,动词,“写下;抄写”。In ancient times, scribes copied books by hand.(古代,抄写员用手抄写书籍。)describe:动词,“描述;形容”。Can you describe what you saw?(你能描述一下你看到的东西吗?)description:名词,“描述;描写”。The book gives a vivid description of the city.(这本书对这座城市进行了生动的描述。)prescribe:动词,“开(药);规定”。The
2、 doctor prescribed some medicine for me.(医生给我开了些药。)prescription:名词,“药方;处方;规定”。You need a prescription to buy this medicine.(你需要处方才能买这种药。)subscribe:动词,“订阅;同意;捐款”。I subscribe to several magazines.(我订阅了几本杂志。)subscription:名词,“订阅;订购;捐款”。The subscription fee for this journal is reasonable.(这本期刊的订阅费很合理。)ma
3、nuscript:名词,“手稿;原稿”。The writer is working on his new manuscript.(这位作家正在创作他的新手稿。) 2.struct系列 structure:名词,“结构;构造;建筑物”;动词,“构造;组织”。The structure of the building is very solid.(这座建筑物的结构非常坚固。)construct:动词,“建造;构造;创立”。They are going to construct a new bridge.(他们打算建造一座新桥。)construction:名词,“建造;建筑物;解释”。The con
4、struction of the new school will start next month.(新学校的建设将于下个月开始。)destruct:动词,“破坏;自毁”(常用于军事或科技领域,如导弹自毁)。The missile can destruct if it goes off course.(导弹如果偏离航线可以自毁。)destruction:名词,“破坏;毁灭”。The war caused great destruction.(战争造成了巨大的破坏。)destructive:形容词,“破坏(性)的;毁灭(性)的”。Hurricanes can be very destructiv
5、e.(飓风可能具有很强的破坏性。)instruct:动词,“指导;指示;通知”。The teacher instructs the students in English.(老师教学生英语。)instruction:名词,“指示;说明;教学”。Read the instructions carefully before you use the machine.(使用机器前请仔细阅读说明。)instructor:名词,“指导者;教师”。The fitness instructor showed us some new exercises.(健身教练给我们展示了一些新的锻炼方法。) 3.tract
6、系列 attract:动词,“吸引;引起(兴趣、注意等)”。The beautiful scenery attracts many tourists.(美丽的风景吸引了很多游客。)attraction:名词,“吸引;吸引力;吸引人的事物”。The Eiffel Tower is a major tourist attraction.(埃菲尔铁塔是一个主要的旅游景点。)attractive:形容词,“有吸引力的;迷人的”。She is an attractive girl.(她是个迷人的女孩。)contract:名词,“合同;契约”;动词,“(使)收缩;订合同”。We signed a cont
7、ract with the company.(我们和这家公司签了合同。)Metal contracts as it cools.(金属遇冷收缩。)contradict:动词,“反驳;与矛盾”。Dont contradict your parents.(不要反驳你的父母。)His words contradict his actions.(他的言行相互矛盾。)contradiction:名词,“矛盾;反驳”。There are many contradictions in his story.(他的故事中有很多矛盾之处。)distract:动词,“使分心;转移(注意力)”。The noise o
8、utside distracted me from my work.(外面的噪音使我无法专心工作。)distraction:名词,“分心的事物;干扰”。There are too many distractions in this place.(这个地方让人分心的东西太多了。)extract:动词,“提取;提炼;摘录”;名词,“提取物;摘录”。They extract oil from the seeds.(他们从种子中提取油。)This is an extract from the novel.(这是小说的一段摘录。) 4.pel/ puls系列 compel:动词,“强迫;迫使”。He w
9、as compelled to resign.(他被迫辞职。)compulsion:名词,“强迫;强制;冲动”。Some people eat chocolate out of compulsion.(有些人出于冲动吃巧克力。)compulsive:形容词,“强制的;强迫性的;禁不住的”。He has a compulsive need to check his phone.(他忍不住要查看手机。)expel:动词,“驱逐;开除;排出”。The student was expelled from school.(这个学生被学校开除了。)expulsion:名词,“驱逐;开除;排出”。His e
10、xpulsion from the club was a big shock.(他被俱乐部开除令人大为震惊。)impel:动词,“推动;驱使”。Hunger impelled him to steal.(饥饿驱使他去偷窃。)impulse:名词,“冲动;脉冲”;形容词,“一时兴起的;脉冲的”。He bought the car on impulse.(他一时冲动买了这辆车。)impulsive:形容词,“冲动的;易冲动的”。He is an impulsive person.(他是个容易冲动的人。)propel:动词,“推进;驱使”。The engine propels the boat fo
11、rward.(发动机推动船向前行驶。)propulsion:名词,“推进;推进力”。The plane uses jet propulsion.(这架飞机使用喷气推进。) 5.fin系列 final:形容词,“最终的;最后的”;名词,“决赛;期末考试”。This is our final decision.(这是我们的最终决定。)He passed the finals.(他通过了期末考试。)finally:副词,“最后;终于”。Finally, we reached the top of the mountain.(最后,我们到达了山顶。)finish:动词,“完成;结束”;名词,“结尾;完
12、成”。I finished my homework early.(我早早完成了作业。)The finish of the race was exciting.(比赛的结尾很激动人心。)finite:形容词,“有限的;限定的”。Our time is finite.(我们的时间是有限的。)infinite:形容词,“无限的;无穷的”。The universe seems infinite.(宇宙似乎是无限的。)infinity:名词,“无限;无穷大”。Mathematicians study the concept of infinity.(数学家研究无穷大的概念。)confine:动词,“限制
13、;禁闭”;名词,“边界;范围(常用复数confines)”。Please confine your remarks to the topic.(请把你的发言限定在主题范围内。)6.gen系列 gene:名词,“基因”。Genes determine a lot of our physical characteristics.(基因决定了我们很多身体特征。)general:形容词,“一般的;普通的;大体的”;名词,“将军”。In general, I like reading.(一般来说,我喜欢阅读。)generally:副词,“通常;普遍地”。Generally, people like mu
14、sic.(通常人们喜欢音乐。)generate:动词,“产生;引起;生成”。The power plant generates electricity.(发电厂发电。)generation:名词,“一代;一代人;产生”。Each generation has its own values.(每一代人都有自己的价值观。)generator:名词,“发电机;发生器”。We need a generator when there is a power cut.(停电时我们需要一台发电机。)genetic:形容词,“遗传的;基因的”。Genetic engineering is a developin
15、g field.(基因工程是一个发展中的领域。)genius:名词,“天才;天赋”。Einstein was a genius in physics.(爱因斯坦是物理学天才。) 7.graph/ gram系列 graph:名词,“图表;曲线图”;动词,“用图表表示”。The graph shows the change of temperature.(这张图表显示了温度的变化。)graphic:形容词,“形象的;图表的;生动的”。The graphic description made me feel like I was on the scene.(生动的描述让我感觉身临其境。)biogra
16、phy:名词,“传记”。Im reading a biography of Steve Jobs.(我正在读史蒂夫乔布斯的传记。)autobiography:名词,“自传”。The famous writer wrote his autobiography.(这位著名作家写了他的自传。)geography:名词,“地理;地理学”。I like studying geography because I can learn about different places.(我喜欢学习地理,因为我可以了解不同的地方。)grammar:名词,“语法”。Grammar is very important
17、in language learning.(语法在语言学习中非常重要。)program:名词,“程序;节目;计划”;动词,“编写程序;安排节目”。Im writing a program to solve this problem.(我正在编写一个程序来解决这个问题。) 8.dict系列 dictate:动词,“口述;命令;听写”。The manager dictated a letter to his secretary.(经理向秘书口述了一封信。)dictation:名词,“听写;口述;命令”。We have a dictation every English class.(我们每节英语课
18、都有听写。)dictionary:名词,“词典;字典”。You can look up new words in the dictionary.(你可以在词典里查生词。)predict:动词,“预言;预测”。Scientists try to predict the weather.(科学家试图预测天气。)prediction:名词,“预言;预测”。His prediction about the stock market came true.(他对股市的预测成真了。)contradict:动词,“反驳;与矛盾”。What you said contradicts what you did.(
19、你言行不一。)contradiction:名词,“矛盾;反驳”。There is a contradiction in his statement.(他的陈述中有矛盾之处。) 9.form系列 form:名词,“形式;表格;形状”;动词,“形成;构成;组成”。Ice, water and steam are different forms of water.(冰、水和蒸汽是水的不同形式。)formal:形容词,“正式的;正规的”。You should wear formal clothes to the party.(你应该穿正装去参加聚会。)informal:形容词,“非正式的;不拘礼节的”
20、。We had an informal meeting.(我们开了一个非正式会议。)formation:名词,“形成;构成;编队”。The formation of clouds is a complex process.(云的形成是一个复杂的过程。)inform:动词,“通知;告知”。Please inform me of the latest news.(请告知我最新消息。)information:名词,“信息;资料”。You can get a lot of information from the Internet.(你可以从互联网上获取很多信息。)perform:动词,“表演;执行;
21、履行”。The actors performed very well.(演员们表演得非常好。)performance:名词,“表演;表现;性能”。The performance of the new car is excellent.(这辆新车的性能很好。) 10.tend系列 tend:动词,“倾向;趋向;照顾”。I tend to get tired easily.(我容易疲劳。)She tends to the patients in the hospital.(她在医院照顾病人。)tendency:名词,“倾向;趋势”。There is a tendency for people to
22、 work from home.(人们有在家工作的趋势。)attend:动词,“出席;参加;照料;注意”。I will attend the meeting tomorrow.(我明天会参加会议。)attention:名词,“注意;注意力”。Pay attention to your spelling.(注意你的拼写。)attentive:形容词,“注意的;专心的;体贴的”。He is an attentive listener.(他是个专心的听众。)intend:动词,“打算;想要;意指”。I intend to go to college next year.(我打算明年上大学。)inte
23、ntion:名词,“意图;目的”。Whats your intention of doing this?(你做这件事的意图是什么?)11.meter/ metr系列 meter:名词,常见义为“米;仪表” ,如“a 10 meter rope(一根10米长的绳子)”,“gas meter(煤气表)” 。在诗歌领域指“格律”。metric:形容词,“公制的;米制的” ,如“metric system(公制)” 。diameter:名词,“直径” ,例如 “The diameter of the tree trunk is about 50 centimeters.(树干的直径约为50厘米。)”p
24、erimeter:名词,“周长;周边” ,“The perimeter of the playground is 400 meters.(操场的周长是400米。)”symmetry:名词,“对称;匀称” ,“The building has a perfect symmetry.(这座建筑具有完美的对称性。)”asymmetry:名词,“不对称” ,是symmetry的反义词,“The asymmetry of the design gives it a unique look.(设计的不对称性赋予它独特的外观。)” 12.path/ pathy系列 path:名词,“小路;路线;途径” ,如
25、“a winding path(一条蜿蜒的小路)” 。在医学术语中表示“病变;病情” 。pathway:名词,“通道;途径” ,尤指生物体内的代谢途径等,“The new discovery provides a new pathway for treating the disease.(这项新发现为治疗该疾病提供了一条新途径。)”sympathy:名词,“同情;同情心” ,“I have great sympathy for the poor.(我对穷人怀有深切的同情。)”sympathetic:形容词,“同情的;有同情心的;赞同的” ,“She is always sympathetic
26、towards others.(她总是同情他人。)”empathy:名词,“共情;同感” ,强调感同身受,“A good teacher should have empathy with students.(一位好老师应该能与学生共情。)”antipathy:名词,“反感;厌恶” ,“He has an antipathy towards snakes.(他厌恶蛇。)” 13.scrib/ script系列(补充) transcribe:动词,“转录;抄写;改编” ,在生物学中指“转录” ,在音乐领域指“改编(乐曲)” ,日常指“抄写” ,“The secretary was asked to
27、 transcribe the notes.(秘书被要求抄写这些笔记。)”transcription:名词,“转录;抄写;改编曲” ,“The transcription of this gene is crucial for cell function.(这个基因的转录对细胞功能至关重要。)”circumscribe:动词,“限制;在周围画线” ,“The power of the government should be circumscribed.(政府的权力应该受到限制。)”circumscription:名词,“限制;界限” ,“There are circumscriptions
28、on what we can do.(我们能做的事有一定界限。)” 14.sign系列 sign:名词,“迹象;符号;标志;招牌” ;动词,“签名;签署;示意” ,“There are signs of improvement in his health.(他的健康有好转的迹象。)” ,“Sign your name here.(在这里签名。)”signal:名词,“信号;暗号” ;动词,“发信号;示意” ,“The traffic signal turned red.(交通信号灯变红了。)” ,“He signaled me to stop.(他示意我停下。)”signature:名词,“签
29、名;署名” ,“You need to put your signature on this contract.(你需要在这份合同上签名。)”significant:形容词,“有意义的;重大的;显著的” ,“This is a significant event in history.(这是历史上的一个重大事件。)”significance:名词,“意义;重要性” ,“The significance of this discovery cannot be overstated.(这项发现的重要性怎么强调都不为过。)” 15.sol系列 sol:名词,在诗歌和文学中表示“太阳” ,在音乐里指“
30、音阶中的第五音” 。solar:形容词,“太阳的;太阳能的” ,“solar energy(太阳能)” ,“solar system(太阳系)”soldier:名词,“士兵” ,词源与“太阳”相关,原指为太阳(罗马神话中太阳象征权力等)而战的人 ,“The soldiers are training hard.(士兵们正在刻苦训练。)”sole:形容词,“唯一的;单独的” ;名词,“鞋底;脚底” ,“He is the sole survivor of the accident.(他是事故的唯一幸存者。)”solo:名词,“独奏;独唱” ;形容词,“单独的;独奏的” ;副词,“单独地” ,“He played a piano solo.(他演奏了一首钢琴独奏曲。)”solid:形容词,“固体的;坚固的;可靠的” ;名词,“固体” ,“Ice is the solid form of water.(冰是水的固体形式。)” ,“a solid foundation(坚实的基础)”5